Platelet-activating factor(PAF) at different concentrations were added to in vitro cultured bovine=pulmonary artery endothelial cells(BPAEC) when lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release rate, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined. The influences of specific PAF receptor antagonist on PAF effects and the stimulating effect of PAF on leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion were also observed. The results showed that when PAF were added to BPAECs, there were no significant change in LDH release rate, ACE activities were only slightly increased. No obvious changes in cellbound MDA, but supernatant MDA content was increased in cells treated with high concentration of PAF (10~(-6)). The PAF receptor antagonist, SRI 63-441 made the cell-bound MDA content higher than that of PAF treated cells, whereas the supernatant MDA became lower. PAF may promote endothelial-leukocyte adhesion either through its effects on endothelial cells or on leukocytes, suggesting that PAF has no obvious damaging effect on endothelial cells but may activate endothelial cells thus promoting endothelialleukocyte adhesion.

Objective To evaluate the effect of perioperative intravenous (Ⅳ) iron sucrose therapy on reducing postsurgical blood transfusion rates in elderly patients with hip fractures.Methods From September 2011 to February 2014,200 patients aged≥65 years with hip fractures were enrolled.The iron sucrose group (n=100) received iron sucrose (600 mg,Ⅳ),while the control group (n=100) did not receive iron sucrose.Postsurgical blood transfusion rates,infection rates,mortality and length of hospital stay were evaluated.Results The difference in blood transfusion rates was significant (25.0％ vs.41.0％,P＜0.05),while differences in infection rates,mortality and length of hospital stay were not significant between the two groups.Conclusions Perioperative Ⅳ iron sucrose can reduce blood transfusion requirements in elderly patients with hip fractures.

A bolus injection of endotoxin and platelet activating factor ( PAF ) via external jugular vein in rats resulted in severe pulmonary edema, accompanied by significant increase in extravascular lung water volume, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) protein concentration, BALF cell counts and polymorphonuclearcyte percentage. PAF receptor antagonist SRI63-441 showed partial protective effects on endotoxin and PAF induced lung edema and BALF cytological changes.

The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on endothelial-polymorphonuclear cells (EC-PMN) adhesion and their mechanisms wsre studied in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers in vitro. H2O2 at various concentrations (10-1, 10-2, 10-3mol/L respectively) stimulated EC dependent PMN adhesion, of which l02mol/L H2O2 was the most potent one, increasing adhesion to 2.3 times that of the control. Pretreatment of PMNs with SRI 63-441, a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, had no effect on H2O2 induced EC-PMN adhesion. Pretreatment of ECs with SRI 63-441 before H2O2 exposure significantly decreased PMN adherence to ECs. Pretreatment of ECs with phospholipase A2 inhibitor p-bromophenacyl-bromide or cahnodulin antagonist chlorpromazine and aildum ion chelate EGTA obviously decreased H2O2 induced increment of EC-PMN adhesion. These results suggest that H2O2 may activate ECs, causing the inflow of extracellular calcium or the release of calcium from intracellular deposits. Increased intracellular Ca2+ may bind with calmodulin to activate phospholipase A2 thus initiating PAF synthesis and promoting EC-PMN adhesion.

The understanding of anatomical structures and their adjacent relationship is the founda-tion and key to the development of surgical skills and clinical thinking. In clinical teaching for residents and graduate students , we took the advantage of donor operations in organ transplantation and showed abdominal anal operations anatomical features and relationships through different view angles and compre-hensive ways. This new teaching approach was designed in accordance with processes of organ donation, procurement and back-table operation. The main contents included anatomy of abdominal wall layers, rela-tionships among abdominal organs, locations and courses of important structure, as well as medical human-istic education. In the context of organ donation becoming more and more popular and standardized after the cardiac death of Chinese citizens, this teaching approach is worth exploring.

Intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin (2mg/kg) caused a persistent increase in platelet activating factor (PAF) contents in arterial blood and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF). Meanwhile phospholipase A2(PLA2) activity in serum and BALF was elevated and mean arterial blood pressure declined. The total cell number, expecially polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes, and protein concentration in BALF were markedly increased 6 h after endotoxin injection. Lung index and extravascular lung water content of endotoxin-treated animals were significantly highter than those of controls. Pretreatment with PAF receptor antagonist SRI 63-441 blocked the increase in PLA, activity and attenuated endotoxin-induced hypotension and acute lung injury. The results suggest that PAF mediates endotoxin-induced lung injury, and leukocyte activation by PAF and the subsequent release of oxygen metabolites and lysoenzymes are important intermediate mechanisms leading to high permeability pulmonary edema.

We established a method to study vascular permeability in vitro on perfused endothelial cell monolayer cultured on micropore filter membrane. It can be used to determine filtration coefficient (Kf) and osmotic reflection coefficient (?) to proteins. Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) or 5 g/L albumin in HBSS was used to perfuse confluent endothelial monolayer. Control Kf values were 10.1 ?0.75 and 3.6?0.75?l . min-1 . cm-2 . kPa-1 (n = 3, x?sx) respectively for HBSS and albumin HBSS perfusion, suggesting that albumin may decrease endothelial monolayer permeability to water and small molecules. After exposure of endothelial monolayer to 10-8 mol/L platelet-activating factor (PAF) for 30 min, Kf values increased to 193.1% and 133.3% respectively for HBSS and albumin HBSS perfusion. Protein clearance rate (?l. min-1 . cm-2:) and osmotic reflection coefficient of control endothelial monolayer were 8.0?3.22 and 0. 37?0.09 respectively. In PAF treated endothelial monolayer,they were 12.2 ? 2.95ul min-1 cm 2 and 0.18?0.06, revealing increased permeability to albumin. Computer-assisted image processing demonstrated that PAF treatment decreased cell area while increased cell form factor and intercellular space. The results sug-gest that endothelial cells retracted, rounded and it may be an important mechanism in PAF-induced increased vascular permeability.

Objective To develop an ELISA method for determination of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)antibody. Methods The compound formed between human platelet factor 4 (PF4)and heparin was used as the coating antigen,incu-bating the patients plasma with the coating antigen in the well,after washing,the second antibody labeled HRP was added in the well to incubate and washing again,the chromogenic substrates was added in the well to incubate,when the stop reaction was finished,the absorbance A450/A630 was detected,and the test results were judged according to standard,this method was compared with IBL method and was optimized and evaluated the performance.Results An indirect ELISA method was de-velop with the purified human PF4,the optimal dilution of sample and second antibody were 1∶100 and 1∶1 500 which de-tected by the orthogonal test,the intra-and inter-assay average coefficients of variation were 7.66% and 7.76%(<10%) respectively that detected by repeated measurement the three positive standard plasma.Through measureing the 100 healthy human plasm with no history of using heparin,the positive and negative predictive reference values were 0.304 and 0.456. IBL and this method detected 100 hemodialysis patients samples at the same time,and the result of statistical analysis was that,the sensitivity,speciality and accuracy of this method were 90%,97.78% and 90%,respectively.The negative and posi-tive predictive value were 81.8% and 98.88% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant [K=0.84(0.81~1)and Pexac=0.012<0.05].The difference was statistically significant,consistency was optimal,95% confidence interval was 92.59%~92.59%.Conclusion Comparing with the IBL,the method reported by this article had the similar perform-ance and good consistency,and it could satisfy the clinical detection and diagnosis of HIT patients.

Objective To investigate the viability of analysis of hemodynamic changes with color Doppler flow imaging in the prediction of acute rejection in transplanted liver.Methods Sixty-eight patients enrolled in the study were categorized into three groups:transplanted liver without acute rejection [rejection activity index(RAI) 0-3,n =24],transplanted liver with mild acute rejection (RAI 4-5,n =23),transplanted liver with moderate and severe acute rejection (RAI 6-9,n =21).All the patients were confirmed by pathology.The color Doppler flow imaging were performed in all the patients within 24 hours and 1 week after biopsy.Results In transplanted liver with moderate and severe acute rejection,the peak systolic velocity of portal vein (PV-PSV) was (31.4 ± 14.1)cm/s,significantly lower than that in transplanted liver without acute rejection,which was (45.1 ± 17.7)cm/s (P ＜0.05).A week later after steroid therapy,the PV-PSV in transplanted liver with moderate and severe rejection was increased to (46.7 ± 21.8)cm/s(P ＜0.05).Patients with acute rejection were associated with the decrease of the PVPSV (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The decrease of PV-PSV may have some clinical value in evaluation the acute rejection in transplanted liver.

To explore the effects of astilbin on the maturation and immunologic function of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs).