There is great role of position treta ment in critically paediatric patient.It can not only alleviate the ol cal skin contracture opprse sion,muscle joints,but can cause the redistribution of body fluids. Even changing body position plays a crucial role in a number of specific diseases and treatment modalities. Intensive care unit common position includes seated,semi-seated,supine,semi-supine,left lateral, right lateral op sition na d prone position,anti-trendelenburg position,continuous lateral rotation therapy.The following is a brief introduction to the application of various body positions in the intensive care unit.

There is a great progress in research related to the lung stem cell which is one kind of somatic stem cells in recent years.This article reviewed systematically the lung stem cell biological characteristics,the surface markers,migration,homing,and the clinical application in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and mechanism of naloxone treatment in drowing children.Methods A total of 97 drowing children were divided into treatment group(n=45)and control group(n=52)depending on whether the naloxone was administrated.General treatment was adopted in two groups.Treatment group Was given naloxone.The clinical effects were observed and the levels of betaendorphin(β-EP)in blood plasma were measured with radioimmunoassay(RIA)before and after treatment respectively.Results The total effective rate of treatment group(93.3%,42/45)Was significantly higher than that of control group(76.9%,40/52)(P＜0.05).As compared with that of control group(65.0%,26/40),nervous system disability rate in treatment group(33.3%,14/42)decreased significantly(P＜0.01).Continuous days of poor blood circulation,abnormal respiratory rhythm,convulsion and coma in treatment group were significantly shorter than those of control group respectively(P＜0.01).The level of β-EP was significantly lower in treatment group than that of control group(t=17.1,P＜0.01).Conclusion Clinical use of naloxone in the drowing children has curative result by reducing the level of blood plasma β-EP.

Objective To explore the effects of the stromal cell-derived factor on chemotaxis of cord blood ACl33+ cells.Methods The optimal SDF-1 concentration is detected in Transwell system.Migration was calculated from the number of cells found to have passed through an 8-um pore size polycarbonate membrane.Results The chemotactic rate of fresh cord blood AC133+ cells increases along with the concentration of SDF-1,however,it tends to be stable when the concentration of SDF-1 reaches 150 ng/ml.There is no difference in the chemotactic rate of cord blood AC133+ cells between the group with CXCR4-blocking antibody and the group without SDF-1.Conclusion Transwell Plate can simulate the phenomenon of cell crossing endothelium.The chemotactic rate of cord blood AC133+ cells increases progressively along with the concentration of SDF-1,however,the chemotactic rate tends to equability when SDF-1 reaches a certain concentration.The chemotactic rate does not have a marked change while continuing to increase the concentration of SDF-1.There is no difference in the chemotactic rate of cord blood AC133+ cells between the group using CXCR4-blocking antibody and the group without SDF-1.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in critical hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).Methods The data from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSChost, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Citation Database, and other references and grey literatures were retrieved, screening out all those related to clinical trials on treating critical HFMD by IVIG.Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration were employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the trials.Meta analysis was performed with Rev man 5.3 software.Results Eleven trials including 967 cases were investigated.The meta analysis showed that IVIG had significantly clinical efficacy (OR =6.84,95％ CI:3.74-12.52 ,P ＜ 0.05).IVIG could significantly decrease duration of fever (MD =-1.94,95％ CI:-3.07--0.81 ,P ＜0.05) ,hospitalization time (MD =-4.56,95％ CI:-8.95--0.17,P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in duration of fever (MD =-0.28,95 ％ CI:-0.59-0.03, P ＞ 0.05), duration of herpes (MD =0.18,95％ CI:-0.22-0.59, P ＞ 0.05), hospitalization time (MD =-0.12,95％ CI:-0.47-0.23, P ＞ 0.05) when the dosage of injection was adjusted.Conclusions IVIG is recommended for treating critical HFMD because it is effective in decreasing the duration of fever and hospitalization.Well designed studies with more sample in multi-center are required in further study to explore the efficacy and safety of IVIG on critical HFMD.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted imaging and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods:37 cases of patients with neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy admitted in our hospital were selected as the study group,another 40 healthy neonates were selected as the control group,both groups of neonates underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy,ordinary MR1 and diffusion weighted imaging findings of neonates in the study group were observed,the neonatal cerebral metabolic compounds relative concentration were observed and compared between two groups.Results:The detection rate of diffusion-weighted imaging was significantly higher compared with the ordinary MRI (P＜0.05).The relative ratio of brain metabolic compounds NAA/Cr of study group were obviously lower than those of the control group,while the Cho/Cr,MI/Cr,Glu-Glr/Cr,Lac/Cr were significantly higher (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Diffusion weighted imaging combined with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy could improve the diagnostic accuracy of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,the analysis of the concentrations of brain metabolic compounds could contribute to evaluate the severity of HIE.

Objective To study the changes in serum adiponectin level in children with severe sepsis,and to explore its clinical significance.Methods A prospective study was conducted,and 39 cases of critically ill children with severe sepsis and 47 cases of sepsis were enrolled into the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU),Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2012 to July 2014.Thirty cases of critically ill children without sepsis were enrolled as a control group.The plasma adiponectin,procalcitonin(PCT),and C-reactive protein(CRP)were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)within 24 hours after PICU admission.The pediatric critical illness score(PCIS)was recorded.Results Among severe sepsis group,sepsis group and control group,there was no statistical significance in body temperature,heart rate,body mass index,PCIS,white blood cell count,platelet count,bilirubin,creatinine,pH value and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)(all P>0.05).Plasma adiponectin in the severe sepsis group[(0.102±0.041)mg/L] significantly decreased compared with that in the sepsis group[(0.125±0.046)mg/L] and the control group[(0.147±0.047)mg/L](F=8.456,P=0.000).The level of CRP in the severe sepsis group[(60.68±59.43)mg/L] significantly increased compared with that in the sepsis group[(52.76±26.67)mg/L] and the control group[(33.89±6.87)mg/L](F=17.416,P=0.000).There was a statistical significance in PCT level in the severe sepsis group,the sepsis group and the control group(x2=27.269,P=0.000).Further comparison showed that there was a significant difference in PCT level between the severe sepsis group and the sepsis group(Z=-4.679,P=0.000),which was also statistically significant between the severe sepsis group and the control group(Z=-4.244,P=0.000);there was no significant difference between the sepsis group and the control group(Z=-0.340,P=0.733).Negative correlation was found between plasma adiponectin and CRP(r=-0.219,P=0.042),PCT(r=-0.303,P=0.005).The correlation between plasma adiponectin and PCIS was positively correlated(r=0.332,P=0.002).Conclusions Plasma adiponectin decreased in severe sepsis children and was significantly associated with the severity of the disease.Detection of plasma adiponectin levels in children with sepsis has an important clinical significance in evaluating the severity of sepsis.Plasma adiponectin is negatively correlated with CRP and PCT,and plays a role in diagnosis of infection.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and emergency managements of postrenal acute renal failure(ARV)induced by melamine in infant.Method Fluid therapy for urine alkalization and hydration,cistoscope drainage and peritoneal dialysis step by step were exerted in those who had both a history of certain milk intake and ARF according to the definition of pediatric ARF which developed by Pediatric Nephrology Assembly of Chinese Pediatric Association in 1994.Results Thirty-four postrenal ARF cases with anuria due to melamine in Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were involved in the study.Seventy cases(50%)re-ceived fluid therapy only.Nine cases(26.5%)received fluid thempy and eistoscope drainagemand 4 cases (11.8%)received fluid therapy and cistoscope drainage and peritoneal dialysis.Four cases(11.8%)received ur-gent peritoneal dialysis due to severe hyperkalemia.All cases(100%)survived.The urine pH at the first day.the second day,and after the second day in those who just pass away urine were 6.1±1.0、6.5±0.7.5.3±0.4,respectively(F=4.563,P=0.026).Conclusions Fluid therapy for urine alkalization and hydration and stop sequential thempy are effective in infant with postrenal ARF induced by melamine.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common critical disease in department of pediatrics.Mechanical ventilation is one of the effective means for the treatment of ARDS.In the past,in order to comfort and care for patients,the supine or semi supine position were used often.Recently,many studies have showed that prone position could change the respiratory mechanics and reduce intrathoracic pressure,avoiding lung injury caused by over stretch and hyperinflation,which is significant in improving ARDS gas exchange.