OBJECTIVE:To prepare the compound tinidazole washing liquid and to establish the quality control method for this medicine.METHODS:Tinidazole and chloromycetin were taken as the chief components for the preparation of the washing liquid;the contents of the chief components were determined by the dual-wavelength spectrophotometric method.RESULTS:The linear ranges for the concentration determination of tinidazole and chloromycetin were6.4～12.8mg/L and8.0～16.0mg/L respectively;the average recoveries of tinidazole and chloromycetin were100.09%and100.00%respectively,the relative standard deviations(RSD)of which were0.17%and0.22%respectively.CONCLUSION:The preparation is simple in preparation,accurate in content determination,stable and reliable in quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of cluster interventions for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)on mechanical ventilation.Methods A total of 110 patients with mechanical ventilation more than 48 hours at the intensive care unit(ICU)between April 2011 and June 2012 were randomly divided into three groups:control group(n=36),subglottic secre-tion drainage(SSD)group(n=37),cluster(CL)group(n=37).At the end of study,VAP incidence rate,VAP related death rate, duration of mechanical ventilation,ICU length of stay(LOS)were investigated and compared among the three groups.Results The morbidities of VAP between control group and SSD group were significantly different in the third day,the 7th day of mechanical ventilation.The morbidity of VAP of CL group was lower than that of control group,The morbidity of VAP of CL group was lower than that SSD group in the over 9 day.and its duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS were significantly lower than those of SSD group and control group.However,there was no significant difference of VAP related death rate among the three groups. Conclusion Strictly implement semi-supine position and oropharynx intervention strategies of each link in mechanical ventilation that has important significance to preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Objectives To investigate the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the common genotypes in Liaocheng city, Shandong province, China, and to evaluate the application value of high risk HPV detection in cervical cytology with different pathological conditions.Methods A total of 19 707 permanent female residents in Liaocheng were recruited who were married or had sexual life, aged from 18 to 70 years old.They were screened for cervical cancer by thinprep liquid-based cytology test (TCT) from January 2013 to January 2014.The screen positive rate was 4.24 ％ (837/19 707), and 785 volunteers aged from 21 to 65 years old were recalled.The xMAP bead-based hybridization and flowcytometry analysis were used for genotyping.The data were analyzed by comparison and description.Results According to TCT, among 785 cases, there were 478 cases of atypical squamous epithelium of unknown significance (ASCUS) and atypical glandular epithelium of unknown significance (AGCUS), 175 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LISL), 127 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ACC).The positive rate of high-risk HPV was 62.8 ％ (493/785).The risk age of infection was 26-30 years old (87.7 ％, 71/81) and 51-55 years old (79.7 ％, 51/64), while a low risk one was found in patients older than 55 years old (28.6 ％, 14/54).The top five high-risk subtypes of HPV were HPV16 (21.5 ％, 169/785), HPV52 (12.2 ％, 96/785), HPV58 (9.8 ％, 77/785), HPV33 (9.7 ％, 76/785), HPV18 (7.5 ％, 59/785).Single infection accounted for 45.0 ％ (353/785), while multi-infection for 17.8 ％ (140/785).98 cases were infected by two subtypes, 37 cases by three subtypes, 2 cases by four subtypes, 2 cases by five subtypes and 1 case by six subtypes.Conclusions Compared with pure cervical TCT screening, high-risk HPV infection detection is an effective method for cervical cancer screening, which can improve the specificity of cervical cancer screening and reduce the omission diagnostic rate.In Liaocheng, HPV subtypes 16, 52, 58, 33, 18 and multi-infection are more prevalent.Women belonging to 26-30 or 51-55 years old are identified as high-risk population.Screening is important for this group to discover early cervical lesions.

Objective To observe the effects of rehabilitation training combined with health education on quality of life and psychological state of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A total of 108 elderly inpatients with moderate to severe COPD in stable conditions were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 54 patients in each group.The patients in both groups received general respiratory medical therapy.The patients in intervention group also received additional comprehensive rehabilitation training consisting of individualized exercise instructions and health education,while the patients in control group only received online telephone health education and rehabilitation training instruction.Patients in both groups were assessed by using St.George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) before and after one year of treatment.Results After treatment,the control group's scores for various SGRQ items were similar to the scores within the group before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The intervention group's SGRQ scores for symptoms,mobility and impact on life and the total score were (42.12 ± 11.32),(45.17 ± 10.23),(29.98 ± 6.54) and (41.02±9.92),respectively,significantly different from their baseline values and those of the control group after treatment (P ＜ 0.01).After treatment,the intervention group's SCL-90 scores were significantly improved from baseline values and were also significantly different from the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Comparison between the two groups showed that throughout the treatment period,the number of patients with acute attacks and the number of patients' hospitalization due to acute attacks were statistically significantly lower in the intervention group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Rehabilitation training combined with health education can significantly improve quality of life and psychological health of COPD patients.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in children. Method The clinical data of 7 patients with eosinophilic cystitis admitted from 2012 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature were reviewed. Results The median age of the 7 patients was 9 years, and clinical manifestations were urgent urination, frequent micturition, odynuria, hematuria, abdominal pain and nocturnal enuresis. Ultrasonography and CT examination showed thickened bladder wall and space occupying lesions.All the 7 children received bladder biopsy, and pathology was consistent with eosinophilic cystitis. Six of them were cured after 2 months of drug therapy, and the other one was cured by repeated drug treatment for 1 year.All patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years until the abnormal symptoms of voiding disappeared and the abnormal changes of bladder disappeared by imaging examination. Conclusion Eosinophilic cystitis in children is a benign lesion, having extremely similar clinical manifestations to bladder tumor. Without biopsy, the diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis can also be made according to the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and treatment effect. The treatment for this disease mainly includes hormone, antihistamine and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Objective To explore the effect of acute caffeine and theanine supplementation on coordi-nation and aerobic performance in mentally fatigued soccer players.Methods A randomized crossover de-sign was employed with 15 male amateur soccer players.Participants underwent three different interven-tions—caffeine(caffeine group),theanine(theanine group),and placebo(placebo group)—with a one-week washout period between each intervention.After each supplementation,participants performed a 45-minute Stroop task to induce mental fatigue,followed by a speed dribbling test(SDT)and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test(30-15IFT)to assess coordination and aerobic performance,respectively.Mea-surements included visual analog scale for mental fatigue(VAS-MF),motivation(VAS-MO),Brunel mood scale for fatigue(BRUMS-F)and vigor(BRUMS-V)pre-and post-Stroop task,response time(RT),response accuracy(ACC),average heart rate(HRave)during Stroop,mental exertion(VAS-ME)post-Stroop,rating of perceived exertion(RPE),HRave,and peak heart rate(HRpeak)during SDT and 30-15IFT.All data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.Results The change in VAS-MF(ΔVAS-MF)before and after the Stroop task was lower in the caffeine group compared to the placebo group(P=0.064),while the theanine group showed similar ΔVAS-MF to the latter group(P=0.999).Both the caffeine and theanine groups had significantly faster RT(P=0.003 and 0.033,respectively)and higher ACC(P=0.006 and 0.033,respectively)during the Stroop task compared to the placebo group.Moreover,coordination performance in both the caffeine and theanine groups was better than the placebo group(P=0.096 and 0.078,respectively).Meanwhile,aerobic performance in the caffeine group was significantly better than the placebo group[time to exhaustion(TTE):P=0.012;last stage ve-locity of 30-15IFT(VIFT):P=0.007;maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max):P=0.008],whereas no significant differences were found between the theanine group and the placebo group in the aerobic performance(TTE:P=0.999;VIFT:P=0.999;VO2max:P=0.999).Conclusion Both acute caffeine and theanine supple-mentation can mitigate the negative effect of mental fatigue on coordination performance in soccer play-ers.Additionally,acute caffeine supplementation can also alleviate the negative impact of mental fa-tigue on aerobic performance.

BACKGROUND:Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people.It is a kind of disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even has the risk of disability.Therefore,the pathogenesis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis have become the focus of research.In Chinese medicine,knee osteoarthritis is often treated as"biness,"which is closely related to"biness"caused by blood stasis and blood vessels blocking collaterals in the theory of"blood stasis"in traditional Chinese medicine.Iron overload is a kind of pathological state caused by iron metabolism disorder,which highly coincides with the pathogenic characteristics and clinical manifestations of the"blood stasis"theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and is a risk factor that promotes the development of knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:Based on the"blood stasis"theory,to summarize the effects of iron overload on cartilage metabolism and subchondral bone reconstruction,to lay a new theoretical foundation for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with traditional Chinese medicine,and to explore the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation after interfering with bone tissue. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang database,PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature.The Chinese search terms were"ferroptosis,iron,iron overload,osteoarthritis,blood stasis"and the English search terms were"ferroptosis,iron,iron overload,osteoarthritis,TCM."In the end,76 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:First of all,we explored the potential of the"blood stasis"theory in treating knee osteoarthritis,and found that"blood stasis"is a crucial part in the progress of knee osteoarthritis,indicating that the"blood stasis"theory is the key to the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in traditional Chinese medicine.Secondly,"blood stasis"and iron overload have a high degree of similarity in pathogenic factors,clinical manifestations,and pathogenic characteristics,suggesting the possibility of"blood stasis"theory in treating iron overload.This finding reminds us that iron overload may be an important mechanistic basis for the"blood stasis"theory in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.The extracts of blood-activating drugs can relieve iron overload and treat knee osteoarthritis,but the specific mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,we believe that the relationship between"blood stasis"theory and iron overload and related mechanisms are important research directions for knee osteoarthritis in the future.The related mechanism of"blood stasis"theory to alleviate iron overload and then treat knee osteoarthritis also provides a theoretical basis for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine,such as the development of new drugs and innovative usage,and has certain guiding significance for clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Conducting mental fatigue research in sports depends on appropriate mental fatigue induction tasks.However,the different types and time settings for the tasks in this field have interfered with the selection and determination of the appropriate task for mental fatigue research. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of three mental fatigue tasks and their commonly used time settings for mental fatigue induction. METHODS:In this randomized crossover study,16 male amateur soccer players performed four tasks of 60-minute duration with an interval≥48 hours in a randomized counter-balanced order:STROOP task(psychological cognition group),social media use in smartphone(electron exposure group),whole-body coordination task(exercise group)and emotionally neutral video watching as controls(control group).Before each task,the visual analogue scale(VAS)-motivation,VAS-mental fatigue,VAS-physical fatigue,and average heart rate were measured.Also,the VAS-mental fatigue,VAS-mental exertion,VAS-physical fatigue,and average heart rate were recorded every 15 minutes during the task.Repeated measures analysis of variance was mainly used for statistical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The baseline level of VAS-mental fatigue in the four groups were similar(P=0.806).(2)The VAS-mental fatigue of the psychological cognition group at 30,45 and 60 minutes was significantly higher than that of the other three groups(all P＜0.05).The VAS-mental fatigue of psychological cognition,electron exposure,and exercise groups at 45 minutes were similar with that at 60 minutes(all P＞0.05),but significantly higher than that of pretest,15 minutes and 30 minutes(all P＜0.05).To conclude,the psychological cognition task is superior to the electron exposure and exercise tasks for mental fatigue induction and 45 minutes is the appropriate length of time to effectively induce mental fatigue.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent fasting on metabolize and gut microbiota in obese presenium rats fed with high-fat-sugar-diet. Methods We fed the Wistar rats with high-fat and high-sugar diet to induce adiposity, and the rats for intermittent fasting were selected base on their body weight. The rats were subjected to fasting for 72 h every 2 weeks for 18 weeks. OGTT test was performed and fasting blood samples and fecal samples were collected for measurement of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C and sequence analysis of fecal 16S rRNA V4 tags using Illumina. Gut microbial community structure was analyzed with QIIME and LEfSe. Results After the intervention, the body weight of the fasting rats was significantly lower than that in high-fat diet group (P<0.01). OGTT results suggested impairment of sugar tolerance in the fasting group, which showed a significantly larger AUC than compared with the high-fat diet group (P<0.05). Intermittent fasting significantly reduced blood HDL-C and LDL-C levels (P<0.05) and partially restored liver steatosis, and improved the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of YS2, RF32 and Helicobacteraceae and reducing Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Erysipelotrichaceae and Ralstonia. Bradyrhizobiaceae was found to be positively correlated with CHOL and HDL-C, and RF39 was inversely correlated with the weight of the rats. Conclusion Intermittent fasting can decrease the body weight and blood lipid levels and restore normal gut microbiota but can cause impairment of glucose metabolism in obese presenium rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent fasting on metabolize and gut microbiota in obese presenium rats fed with high-fat-sugar-diet. Methods We fed the Wistar rats with high-fat and high-sugar diet to induce adiposity, and the rats for intermittent fasting were selected base on their body weight. The rats were subjected to fasting for 72 h every 2 weeks for 18 weeks. OGTT test was performed and fasting blood samples and fecal samples were collected for measurement of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C and sequence analysis of fecal 16S rRNA V4 tags using Illumina. Gut microbial community structure was analyzed with QIIME and LEfSe. Results After the intervention, the body weight of the fasting rats was significantly lower than that in high-fat diet group (P<0.01). OGTT results suggested impairment of sugar tolerance in the fasting group, which showed a significantly larger AUC than compared with the high-fat diet group (P<0.05). Intermittent fasting significantly reduced blood HDL-C and LDL-C levels (P<0.05) and partially restored liver steatosis, and improved the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of YS2, RF32 and Helicobacteraceae and reducing Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Erysipelotrichaceae and Ralstonia. Bradyrhizobiaceae was found to be positively correlated with CHOL and HDL-C, and RF39 was inversely correlated with the weight of the rats. Conclusion Intermittent fasting can decrease the body weight and blood lipid levels and restore normal gut microbiota but can cause impairment of glucose metabolism in obese presenium rats.