Objective:To explore the influence of fatty liver donor on the prognosis of benign liver disease liver transplantation.Methods:The clinical data of 229 recipients and donors who underwent liver transplantation at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019 due to benign liver diseases were retrospectively analyzed. According to the degree of fatty degeneration of the donor liver, the patients were divided into non-fatty liver group( n=168), mild-medium fatty liver group( n=43), and severe fatty liver group( n=18). First, the overall prognosis after liver transplantation was analyzed, the general data of the donor and recipient were compared, and the perioperative complications of the three groups were compared. Finally, survival analysis was performed to compare the long-term prognosis of the three groups. Measurement data with the normal distribution were represented as ( Mean± SD), comparisons among groups were analyzed using t test. Comparisons of counting data between groups were analyzed using chi-square test. The theoretical frequency was less than 1. Fisher exact probability method was used, and variance analysis was used for the comparison among the multiple groups. Results:The overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 86.9%, 70.7%, 70.7%, respectively, and the average survival time was 53.1 months. The general data of donors and recipients were not significantly different among the three groups. The probability of perioperative transplanted liver failure, delayed liver function recovery, and acute kidney injury in recipients with severe fatty liver was significantly higher than that of mild to moderate fatty liver group and non-fatty liver group ( P<0.05). The results of survival analysis showed that the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of the non-fatty liver group were 90.5%, 71.7%, 71.7%, the mild-moderate group were 88.4%, 76.7%, 64.0% and the severe fatty liver group were 61.1%, 49.4%, 49.4%, the survival rate of patients with severe fatty liver was significantly lower than that of the other two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Donor weight-grade steatosis leads to a higher incidence of transplanted liver failure, delayed liver function recovery, acute kidney injury, and worse long-term prognosis.

Objective To investigate the infection characteristics and drug resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus after liver transplantation.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 170 patients who underwent liver transplantation in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,Capital Medical University between January 2011 and April 2016.The incidence,pathogenic characteristics,distribution and drug resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were analyzed.Results In this research,the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection occurred in 23 cases after liver transplantation,and the incidence rate was 13.53％ (23/170).There were 27 strains of pathogens had been isolated,and 74.07％ (20/27) of pathogens were isolated from peritoneal drainage fluid.The most common methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis,accounting for 29.63％ (8/27),22.22％ (6/27) and 14.81％ (4/27).Drug sensitivity results indicated that the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were completely resistant to Penicillin,Oxacillin and Methicillin antibiotics.And the pathogens were extensively drug-resistant to Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin,the resistance rates were 63％ (15/24),63％ (15/24) and 58％ (14/24).But the pathogens were sensitive to Teicoplanin,Vancomycin and Linezolid,and there have not been detected drug-resistant bacteria.Conclusions The infection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens after liver transplantation.Routine prophylactic antibiotics are not useful for the treatment,however,Teicoplanin,Vancomycin and Linezolid can be used as the first choice of treatment.

Objective To establish the orthotopic bladder cancer model of multidrug resistance as the human' s, and detect its resistance condition. Methods Two groups of nude rats 4-6 weeks of age were inculated with 1×107 cell of T24 or T24-ADM, following with observation and putting down their meat, drink,mental condition, urine and abdominal mass growth. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks later, then their bladder were weighted and measured, histopathologic assessment was performed,mdr1 was detected by PCR,and cells from the bladder tumors were detected of multidrug resistence by MTT. Results Group of nude rats inculated with T24-ADM generated tumors about 80 % (8/10), the one inculated with T24 was 90 % (9/10)and about 2-3 days early. The blank group had no rats emerge tumors in bladder mucosa at all. Bladder weight and volume: (0.8±0.3) g, (1.0±0.5) g, (875±158) mm3, (903±192) mm3, difference between the two groups had no significant (t = 1.332 and t = 1.215, P＞0.05). Histopathologic detection: The two groups of bladder cancer tissue biopsies can be seen more chaotic arrangement of cell structure, cell body shape is irregular, to the depth of myometrial invasion in different without breaking the film. Between the two groups there were no significantly differences. PCR detection of mdr1 expression differences between the two groups was significant (t = 3.612, P ＜0.01). Cytological detection of drug-resistant cell volume is slightly larger, and no significant difference in morphology. MTT detection: cells from the inculated T24-ADM mice bladder tumor were more resistance to ADM than the ones from the inculated T24 mice bladder tumor (F = 412.107, P＜0.01), and for several other drugs were also resistant. Conclusion Cell transplantation was successfully used to establish bladder cancer model in situ of T24-ADM, and with multi-drug resistance characteristics. The model laid the foundation for further multi-drug resistance research of bladder cancer.

BACKGROUNDConventional cytology is valuable in diagnosing the cancer cells in pleural fluid of patients with lung cancer. However, the diagnostic value of detecting pleura micrometastasis is limited. The aim of this study is to investigate clinical significance of CK19 mRNA expression in pleural fluid of patients with lung cancer.

METHODSReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect CK19 mRNA in pleural fluid from 86 patients with lung cancer and 40 patients with benign lung diseases, and the results were compared with the results of conventional cytologic diagnosis.

RESULTSThe positive rates of CK19 mRNA in pleural fluid were 93.0%(80/86) from patients with lung cancer and 20.0% (8/40) from patients with benign lung diseases, which showed an obvious difference between two groups (Chi-square=65.69, P < 0.01). The positive rates of CK19 mRNA in pleural fluid of patients with lung cancer had no correlation with histopathology types (P > 0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of CK19 mRNA were obviously higher than those of diagnosis of conventional cytology in pleural fluid of patients with lung cancer (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCK19 mRNA can be taken for a molecular marker to detect pleura micrometastasis, it may be helpful to diagnose the cancer cells in pleural fluid of patients with lung cancer and evaluate the clinical staging more correctly.

Objective:Exploration of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and its clinical significance in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC).Methods:A total of 60 pancreatic cancer tissue samples and 8 normal pancreatic tissue samples were obtained from patients who were surgically treated at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2021. A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological data of these 60 patients was conducted, including 23 males and 37 females with an age of (62.7±10.2) years. Among them, 20 cases were pathologically diagnosed as PASC, and 40 contemporaneous cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were selected through propensity score matching. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to measure the integrated optical density (IOD) of EGFR expression, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to detect the expression differences of EGFR mRNA. Based on the median IOD value of EGFR, the 20 PASC samples were divided into two groups, high and low expression groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the impact of EGFR expression on the prognosis of PASC patients.Results:The IOD value of EGFR in PASC group (29.2 [25.7, 35.1]) was significantly higher than that in the PDAC group [9.5 (5.5, 13.0)] and they both exceeded the value in normal tissues [2.4 (1.7, 3.1)], with statistical significances ( all P<0.001 ). The level of EGFR mRNA expression in the PASC group was higher than that in the PDAC group [3.0 (1.8, 3.5) vs 1.2 (0.8, 1.2)], showing statistically significant difference ( P=0.0079). Patients with high EGFR expression had shorter overall survival compared with patients with low expression ( P=0.002). The incidence of vascular invasion in the PASC group [40.0% (8/20)] was higher than that in the PDAC group [17.5% (7/40)], with a significant difference ( P=0.002). The median survival time for the PASC group was 16.00 (9.25, 25.25) months, which was shorter than that of the PDAC group 21.50 (11.25, 40.75) months, showing a statistically significant difference ( P=0.033). The overall survival rate of the PASC group was lower than PDAC group ( P=0.028). Conclusion:EGFR expression is significantly elevated in PASC tissues and PASC patients have poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between dynamic contrast enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) quantitative parameters and pathological grading in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). Methods Prospective analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by electronic gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. Thirty nine patients who underwent radical resection of esophageal carcinoma with MRI examination one weeks before operation were included. All patients underwent routine chest MRI and DCE-MRI scans, and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters including volume transfer constant (Ktrans), exchange rate constant (Kep) and extravascular extracellular volume fraction(Ve)were measured.Pathological analysis of postoperative specimens,including pathological grading(highly differentiated,moderately differentiated,poorly differentiated,undifferentiated),gross tumor pathological type(ulcerative type,medullary type,fungating type,sclerotic type)and local infiltration degree (T staging) were performed. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences of quantitative parameters between different pathological T staging,gross tumor pathological types and pathological grades of DCE-MRI,and a Dunn-Bonferroni test for post hoc comparisons.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between DCE-MRI parameters and pathological grading of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.The ROC curves was used to evaluate the efficiency of different parameters in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Result Among the thirty nine patients, they were divided into three group according to pathological findings: well differentiated (12 patients),moderately differentiated(15 patients)and poorly differentiated group(12 patients);ulcerative type (19 patients), fungating type(10 patients), medullary type(10 patients);T1, 2 stage(16 patients), T3 stage(14 patients), and T4 stage(9 patients). There was no significant difference in the value of Ktrans, Kepand Ve between different T staging groups and different tumor pathological types groups(all P>0.05).The differences of Ktrans, Kepand Vebetween different pathological grading groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were positive correlation between Ktrans, Kep, Veand the pathological grading, rs value were 0.874, 0.672, 0.578 respectively, all P<0.01. The ROC curve area of Ktrans, Kepand Vein the diagnosis of poorly differentiated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 0.941,0.809 and 0.773 respectively.The diagnostic efficiency of Ktranswas the best.Conclusions The quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI are correlated with the pathological grading of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ktrans, Kepand Vecan reflect the perfusion characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the application and effect of non-penetrating vascular and tubular tissue closure system in radical resection of adenocarcinoma of pancreatic head combined with venous resection and reconstruction.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 78 patients with pancreatic head cancer who underwent radical resection of venous vessels from Feb 2014 to Feb 2018.According to the intraoperative venous resection and anastomosis,the patients were divided into vascular clip group (41 cases) and traditional suture group (37 cases).The preoperative data,intraoperative and postoperative recovery of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Results There were no perioperative deaths and no significant differences in perioperative complications between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The anastomotic time of the clip group was (18.6 ± 3.3) min,which was significantly shorter than that of the traditional suture group (39.7 ± 8.5) min,(P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,ICU time,hospital stay and anastomotic stenosis between the two groups(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion It is safe and feasible to use vascular clip in venous vascular reconstruction in radical resection of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas combined with venous vascular resection.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of lymph node metastasis of distal cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 123 patients of distal cholangiocarcinoma in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between Jan 2011 and Dec 2019. All patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. The prognosis was evaluated according to the follow-up results. The survival rate was compared by log-rank test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for lymph node metastasis.Results:One hundred and twenty-three patients successfully underwent the operations, 6 patients died during the perioperative time. The overall 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 75.2%, 41.9% and 31.5%. The median survival time was 44.7 months. Fifty-one patients had lymph node metastasis, and the rate of lymph node metastasis was 41.5%. The median survival time was 55.5 months and 27.5 months for patients without and with lymph node metastasis, respectively. Correspondingly, the survival rates of 1-year, 3-year, 5-year were 83.0%, 50.7%, 42.5% vs. 63.5%, 19.0%, 19.0% ( P=0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative CA19-9 ( RR=7.064, 95% CI: 2.489-20.051) and portal venous system invasion ( RR=4.610, 95% CI: 1.252-16.972) were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:Lymph node metastasis is an important factor affecting the long-term survival of patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma. Preoperative CA19-9 level and portal venous system invasion are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis.

Objective To analyze the application effect of non-penetrating vascular closure system in portal vein reconstruction of allogenic liver transplantation in adults. Methods Clinical data of 222 patients undergoing allogeneic liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether vascular closure system was used in portal vein reconstruction during operation, all patients were divided into vascular clip group (n=137) and traditional suture group (n=85). Perioperative conditions, clinical prognosis and complications were statistically compared between two groups. Results All patients successfully completed the surgery. The success rate of one-time portal vein anastomosis was 93.4% (128/137) in the vascular clip group. A total of 14 patients died during perioperative period in this study with a mortality rate of 6.3% (14/222). No portal vein-related complications occurred during perioperative period in both groups. The time of portal vein anastomosis in the vascular clip group was (5.6±1.7) min, which was significantly shorter than (10.7±3.6) min in the traditional suture group (P<0.05). The incidence and grade of perioperative complications did not significantly differ between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions It is safe and feasible to utilize vascular closure system to reconstruct the portal vein during liver transplantation. Compared with traditional suture, it can effectively shorten the time of portal vein anastomosis.

Objective To analyse the experience and prognosis of surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 49 patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent surgical treatment were analyzed retrospectively from January 2011 to December 2017 in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.Of the 49 patients,29 patients underwent R0 resection and 10 patients underwent R1 resection according to the patient's condition.The overwall prognosis and R0 resection rate were analyzed.All patients were followed up by outpatient or telephone.The follow-up deadline was December 2017.The long-term prognosis of R0 and R1 resection were compared.Normal distribution data were expressed as (Mean ± SD),while non-normal distribution data were expressed as M(P25,P75).Survival curve was depicted by Kaplan-Meier method,and survival rate was compared by Log-Rank test.Results All patients underwent surgical treatment.There were 5 complications (10.2％) during the perioperative period,and no deaths occurred.Radical resection was performed in 39 patients,with a radical resection rate of 79.6％.The overall median survival time was (27.0± 1.2) months.The survival rates in 6 months,1,3 and 5 years were 95.9％,85.6％,34.5％,6.6％ respectively.The total median survival time of R0 resection and R1 resection was (28.0 ± 6.5) months and (16.0 ± 0.7) months respectively.The 6 months,1,2,and 3 years survival rates were 94.9％,89.7％,43.5％,8.3 ％ and 80.0％,68.6％,0,0 respectively.Conclusion Surgical treatment is safe and effective,and it can improve the prognosis of patients.