More and more evidences have shown that disorder of ubiquitination regulates the genesis and development of tumors.Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymeE2C(UBE2C), an important member of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme family, is the key factor for metaphase-metaphase transition regulation .In recent years , many studies have focused on the relationship between UBE2 C and tumors .This article reviews the progress of UBE2C expression status in tumors, its influence on genesis and development of tumors and the underlying mechanism .

Objective To study the effect of anti-IL-5 monoclony antibody (TRFK-5) on migration of Eos from BM to the airways in sensitized mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 (6-8wk of age) murine model of Asthma and control group were estabolished with routine method. The outcome measurements include white blood cell (WBC) total count, differential count of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood (PB), nuclear cell count and eosinophil percentage of BM. These parameters were collected 12 h after the final allergen challenge. To cheek Eos infiltration, the histology of lung tissues was also observed. Further, the effects of intranasal TRFK-5 on above changes were investigated. Results Eosinophil numbers of BALF, PB, BM and the infiltration of Eos in pulmovnary tissues were increased considerably 12 h after final OVA challenge compared with negative group(P

Objective:To study effect of SC-LK on the immune function of immunosuppressive mice and to seek the relationship between drug property of SC-GS and immunoenhancement activity. Methods:The immunosuppressive mice models were established by CTX and administrated with four groups of drugs. The phagocytic ability of macrophage,serum hemolysin level,and proliferative response of T lymphocyte induced by PHA were measured. The activity of in vitro M? and the phagocytizing of CRBC by M? were measured. Results:SC-LK could significantly improve immunological function inhibited by CTX in mice. Conclusion:The improving of immunological function was a common effect in drug effect spectrum(drug property) of SC-LK,but it was not characteristic effect as compared with the other three groups of drugs.

AIM: To observe the humoral immune response in adult rhesus monkey induced by A? 1-15 vaccine. METHODS: 5 adult male rhesus monkeys were injected intramuscularly with A? 1-15 vac cine at baseline and at week 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22. The titer and IgG isotypes of the antibody against A? 1-42 in the serum were measured with ELISA. The specificity of the antibody against A? 1-42 was determined by Wester n blotting. The A? plaques in Tg2576 transgenic mouse brain were stained with t he antisera using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: At the eighth week after the vaccination, antibody against A? 1-42 bega n to develop significantly i n the serum. The titers of the antibody increased following vaccine boosted and reached 1: 3 840 at the twenty-fourth week, then decreased after the terminat ion o f inocunation. The IgG1 was accounted for the highest level in the antisera pool . The antibody against A? 1-42 showed high specificity. The A? plaques in Tg2576 transgenic mouse brain were labeled with the antisera. CONCLUSION: A? 1-15 vacci ne could induce vigorously specific humoral immune responses in adult rhesus mon key.

Objective To investigate the application effect of anterior clinoid process drilled off via epidural approach in posterior communicating artery aneurysm ( PCoAA) clipping. Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with PCoAA who underwent craniotomy from January 2012 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,including 22 patients performed anterior clinoid process drilled off and 20 did not. The difficult or easy degree of intraoperative aneurysm clipping and postoperative efficacy were analyzed. Results The aneurysms in 22 patients underwent anterior clinoid process were clipped satisfactorily. The brain retractor was not used during the procedure. Only one patient had cerebral infarction after procedure. No patients had oculomotor nerve paralysis and incomplete clipping of aneurysms. Of the 20 patients without the anterior clinoid process drilled off,3 aneurysms were clipped incompletely because it was difficult to implant aneurysm clips, 2 had cerebral infarction, and 1 had oculomotor nerve paralysis. Conclusion Removing the anterior clinoid process drilled off via extradural approach may bring convenience for PCoAA clipping. It can effectively avoid the difficulty of implanting aneurysm clips during the procedure. Its application is safe and can reduce postoperative complications.

Objective To observe the influence of different level of hyperhomocysteinemia on mRNA and protein expressions of KV1 .3 ,CaN,NFAT,IL-6 and TNF-αin lymphocytes of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods We selected 90 STEMI patients and divided them into three groups according to the level of plasma homocysteine:the first experimental group (STEMI group,Hcy<1 5μmol/L, n=30),the second experimental group (STEMI with mild Hhcy group,Hcy 15~30μmol/L,n=30)and the third experimental group (STEMI with intermediate Hhcy group,Hcy>30 μmol/L,n=30 ).Another 30 healthy examined people were selected as control group (n=3 0 ).Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.The Hcy in the plasma was measured with the IMX assays.Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expressions of KV1.3,CnAα,NFAT1,IL-6 and TNF-αand Western blot technique was used to detect the expressions of KV1.3,CnAαand NFAT1.Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of KV1.3,CnAαand NFAT1 in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 ).Multiple comparison in each experimental group showed that compared with that in the first experimental group,the expression level of the second experimental group increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01)and compared with first and second experimental groups,the expression level of the third experimental group increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ).Multiple comparison in each experimental group showed that compared with that in the first experimental group,the expression level of the second experimental group increased (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 )and compared with first and second experimental groups,the expression level of the third experimental group increased (P<0.01).Plasma total Hcy levels were positively correlated with mRNA and protein expressions of KV1.3 in all observed groups (r=0.503 P=0.000,r=0.726 P=0.000).Conclusion The higher level of Hcy in plasma,the higher mRNA and protein expression levels of KV1.3,CnAα,NFAT1 and the higher mRNA expression levels of IL-6,TNF-αin the lymphocyte of STEMI patients,which may be one mechanism for Hcy exacerbating the inflammatory reaction of STEMI.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy), Kv1.3 channel and cardiac troponinI (cTnI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods According to the level of Hcy, 80 STEMI patients were divided into STEMI with Hhcy group (Hcy > 15 μmol/L, n=41) and control group (STEMI group, Hcy≤15μmol/L, n=39). The Hcy, blood lipid and cTnI were detected with automatic biochemistry analyzer, respectively. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated by ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of Kv1.3, and Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression of Kv1.3. Results cTnI concentrations were obviously higher in STEMI with Hhcy group than those in STEMI group (μg/L:22.997 ± 5.880 vs. 12.881 ± 6.343;P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) had no obvious influence on Hcy (P>0.05). The relative expression levels of Kv1.3 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in STEMI with Hhcy group (1.35±0.14, 0.85±0.12) than those in STEMI group (1.00 ± 0.07, 0.64 ± 0.05, P<0.05). Moreover, there was a positive relation between Hcy level and the mRNA and proteinexpression of Kv1.3 channel (r=0.299, r=0.542, P<0.05). There was a positive relation between protein expression levels of Kv1.3 channel and cTnI (r=0.644, P<0.05). Conclusion Our results support that Hcy could exacerbate the concentration of cTnI through playing an important role in the Kv1.3 mRNA and protein expression in lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that amyloid-beta 42 protein (Aβ42) immunization in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease(AD)can induce specific Aβ42 antibody, clear Aβ from the brain, and thereby improve spatial learning and memory. It has been a promising treatment strategy for AD.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Aβ42 and its subunit vaccines immunization on spatial learning and memory of APPSWE transgenic mice.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment with mice as subjects.SETTING: The brain research laboratory of the anatomy department in a the medical college of a univeristy.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Animal Center and the Anatomy Department of Sun Yat-sen University from April 2003 to February 2004. Thirty-two APPSWE transgenic mice of 5 months old were bought from Taconic Company, USA. The second generation of mice were successfully reproduced in the Anatomy Department. These mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control group, Aβ42 group, Aβ1-15group, and Aβ36-42 group. Each group contained 8 in each group.INTERVENTIONS: Aβ42 and its subunits combined with MF59 adjuvant were subcutaneously injected for fundamental immunity and then applied in nasal mucosa for intensified immunization. The immunization period was 8 months. Y-maze was used for behavior test before immunization and Morris water maze was used after immunization.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spatial learning and memory, mean escape latency, times of passing through the platform point, swimming distance percentage of the first quadrant, and swimming distance percentage of the 20% marginal area.RESULTS: The correct reaction times in Y-maze behavior test were 7.50 ±0. 81, 7.06 ±0.71, 7.19 ±0.91, and 7.50 ±0.86 respectively in the control, Aβ42, Aβ1-15, Aβ36-42 groups and there was no significant difference ( P ＞ 0. 05) . After immunization, the mean escape latencies in 8 units of localized navigation test were(67.3 ±2. 8) s, (23.6 ± 1.6) s, (26.4 ±2.0) s,and (36.5 ± 2.2) s. The results in three experiment groups were different from that in control group and there was no difference between the three experiment groups ( P ＞ 0. 05 ) . The mean times of passing through the platform point in the 4 groups were 0.71 ±0.29, 8.14 ± 1.37, 7.28 ± 1.34,and 3.29 ± 0. 67. Swimming distance percentage of the first quadrant in the4 groups were(24.3 ±2.9)%, (50.6±11.6)%, (49.9±9.3) %,and(35.4±7.0)% and the swimming distance percentages of 20%marginal area were (46.4 ± 7.3 ) %, ( 11.6 ± 3.9) %, ( 14.4 ± 2. 6) %, and (25.8 ± 3.3)%. The mice in three experiment groups showed increase in the times of passing through platform point, swimming distance percentage of the first quadrant, and decrease in distance percentage of 20% marginal area compared with control group. The results in three experiment groups were no significantly different( P ＜ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: Immunization with A342 and its subunits can effectively ameliorate impairment of spatial learning and memory in APPSWE transgenic mice.

AIM: The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of ?-MSH on partial biological activities of LPS. METHODS:Colorimetric method was used for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, the apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs) and the binding of LPS to monocytes were studied with flow cytometry. RESULTS: It was found that LPS strongly stimulated macrophages to release H_2O_2. When macrophages were cultured with ?-MSH in the presence of LPS, the H_2O_2 release was markedly suppressed (P0.05). In the presence of LPS, however, ?-MSH significantly promoted the apoptosis of PMNs (P

AIM: To investigate effects of different therapeutic methods and typical recipes on activation of ERK1/2 in Kupffer cells of rats with fatty liver.METHODS: The rat model of fatty liver was established by feeding high fat diet combinated with distillate spirit.Meanwhile Chinese medicines Shugan fang,Jianpi fang,Huoxue fang,Qushi fang,and Zonghe fang were given to treat different groups respectively.12 weeks later,the Kupffer cells were isolated from livers of control group,model group and different treatment groups by sequential in situ perfusion with collagenaseⅣ and pronase E,density gradient centrifugation,selective adherence.The expression of total ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in Kupffer cells of control group,model group and different treatment groups were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: The expressions of total ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 were higher in Kupffer cells from model group than those in control group(P