Objective To find out about the utilization of health resources by rural pulic health centers in Hubei Province in the Ninth Five-Year Plan period so as to provide primary information for the better use of rural health resources. Methods The issues of Hubei Health Statistics and Hubei Almanac in 1990 and from 1996 to 2000 were collected and statistial analyses were conducted by means of the spss software. Results In the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the human resources and fixed assets of rural public health centers in Hubei Province kept increasing whereas the volume of services dropped year by year. The reduction in the average number of outpatient visits and discharged patients per annum was respectively 4. 42% and 4. 09%. The efficiency of the health personnel in delivering medical services has been decreasing, with the average number of patients treated by each person per annum, the annual number of beds utilized, and the annual number of discharged patients in 2000 dropping respectively by 27.54% , 30.22% and 26.36% , as compared with 1996. The annual ratio of bed utilization was around 30% and the number of bed turnovers was about 20 times, evidencing, moreover, a tendency of going down. Conclusion The input of health resources in the rural public health centers in Hubei Province in the Ninth Five-Year Plan period increased while the rate of utilization dropped. It is suggested that integrated management in the rural areas be adopted, better utilization of health resources made, reform of the public health centers deepened, and internal management improved; greater stress be laid on improving the quality of rural health personnel; and the rural cooperative medical and health system be perfected.

Objective To evaluate the imaging features of acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by children A H1N1 influenza.Methods CT and MRI brain imaging data of three children acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by A H1N1 influenza virus and proved by clinical and laboratory investigation were analyzed.All the three children got CT and MRI scan because of coma while in hospital.Results All cases represented multifocal damage,and some were symmetrical.Bilateral thalamencephalons were involved in the all cases.Bilateral grey and white matters of frontal lobe,temporal lobe,parietal lobe and occipital lobe,and hippocampi,putamina,external capsule,brain stem,bilateral cerebellum,could be seen multifocal damage,and some were symmetrical.All the cases showed brain swelling in varying degrees.These region presented low density in CT,hypointensity on T1 weighted series and hyperintensity on T2 weighted series and FLAIR series in MRI.Conclusion The imaging features of acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by children A H1N1 influenza represented multifocal and symmetrical damage and brain swelling.It may be characteristic that bilateral thalamencephaloas were involved.The patient was serious,and fatality rate was high.So we should pay much attention to acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by children A H1 N1 influenza.

Aim To study the effects of extract of astragalus on hippocampal delayed neuronal death of totalcerebral ischemia and 7 days reperfusion in rats.Methods Global ischemia was made by four-vessel occlusion. Electron microscope was used to observe the ultramicrostructure of dorsal hippocampal neurons.Light microscope was used to survey the structure of hippocampal neurons and to count the number of normal neurons in CA1 sector. Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) was detected by immune histochemistry.Results Compared with ischemia and reperfusion group(I/R),EA improved the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons, suppressed the decrease of normal neurons in CA1 and degraded the expression of GFAP .The number of normal neurons in I/R group was 38?11.5,and in EA(20,40 mg?kg -1) groups,63?12.8(P

Aim To study the mechanisms of protective effects of extract of astragalus against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by intraluminal thread occlusion of middle cerebral artery. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine expression of TNF-?,IL-1? was measured by radioimmunity, and the apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. Results EA(20、40、80 mg?kg -1,ig)could decrease the expression of TNF-? and the level of IL-1? and reduce cell apoptosis. Conclusion EA has inhibitory action on the increase in the expression of TNF-?,the level of IL-1? and the apoptosis of neurons induced by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Objective This retrospective study is designed to analyze the cardiovascular events of CTO to provide new information on secondary prevention of CHD in patients after hospital discharge. Methods 272 patients with definite diagnosis of CTO were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether suffering from cardiovascular events, with 167 patients in group A who had not suffered from the cardiovascular events and 105 patients in group B who had suffered from the cardiovascular events. We com-pared the clinical data, severity of coronary artery lesion, treatment in two groups. Results Between two groups, there was statistic signifi-cance in LDL -C, EF, Gensini scots, the number of coronary artery lesion, the number of chronic total coronary occlusion and PCI success. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Gensini scots was the independent factors for prognosis of CTO. Conclusion Gensini scors was the independent factor for prognosis of CTO.

Aim To study the anti-oxidative and mitochondria-protective effects of estract of astragalus (EA ) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism in rats.Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO) was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. After 24 h reperfusion,MDA, LD content and SOD activity of brain homogenate were tested. MDA content,SOD and ATPase activity in mitochondrion were also tested.Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess the ultrastructure dstruction. Results EA(20, 40, 80 mg?kg -1) significantly inhibited the increase of MDA, LD after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. EA (40, 80 mg?kg -1) also inhibited the decrease of activit of SOD in rats. EA(20, 40, 80 mg?kg -1) inhibited the increase of MDA and inhibited the decrease of activities of SOD, Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca 2+,Mg 2+-ATPase in mitochondrion. The examination by transmission electron microscopy showed that EA (20, 40 mg?kg -1) protected the ultrastructure destruction. Conclusion EA had protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuries via attenuating cerebral oxygen free radical(OFR)lipid peroxidation and protecting mitochondria.

AIMTo study the protective effects of EA against cer ebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODSAcute cerebral ischemia w as produced by the occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries of mice .The s urvival time in 12 h of the mice was observed, and the mortalities in 2 h, 6 h, 12 h were recorded. Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method was used to make ce rebral ischemia-reperfusion model of rats. The EEG and the reappearing time of righting reflex were recorded and the activity of GSH-Px,LDH,NOS in the brain w as tested. Researching the iNOS expression in hippocampiwith immunocytochemistry method and measure the mean optical density. RESULTSEA can decrease the mortalities and prolong the survival t ime in 12 h of the mice. EA can promote the recovery of the EEG and the RR after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion operation in rats and enhance the activities of the GSH-Px LDH, reduce the activity of the NOS. EA also inhibits the expression of iNOS and reduce it's value of mean optical density in hippocampi of the rat s. CONCLUSIONEA has protective effects against cerebral ischemai-r eperfusion injury.

AIM Protective effects of extract of astragalus on injuries of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats and anoxia in mice. METHODS Acute anoxia in mice were produced by hypoxia under normal pressure and decapitation. In these two models the survival time and persistent time of gasping were observed. The global ischemia and reperfusion in rats was made by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO). After 20 min ischemia and 24 h reperfusion, the brain index and water content in brain was detected. MDA content and SOD activity of brain homogenate were tested. Endothelin concentration was determined both in plasma and hippocampus. The pathological changes of cortex tissue were observed by light microscope. RESULTS EA(50,100 mg?kg -1) significantly prolonged the survival time and persistent time of gasping in mice subjected to acute anoxia. EA(20,40,80 mg?kg -1) markedly reduced brain edema induced by global ischemia and reperfusion. EA(40,80 mg?kg -1) decreased MDA content and increased SOD activity in brain homogenate, and also inhibited ET concentration both in plasma and hippocampus. The pathological changes of cortex tissue were less serious in rats treated with EA. CONCLUSION EA has protective effects on cerebral ischemia and anoxia injuries that may relate to anti-oxidation and inhibition of ET production.

Objective:To investigate the internal structure and determinants of hospitalization expenses for uterine leiomyoma patients in DRG pilot and non-DRG pilot hospitals in Beijing,to fumish insights for the forthcoming phase of public hospital reform.Methods:The statistical data of 5 DRG pilot hospitals and 124 non-DRG pilot hospitals in Beijing from 2015 to 2021 were collected to analyze the correlation degree between each detail expense and the average hospitalization expense by using grey correlation analysis,and the influencing factors of the average hospitalization expense of hospitalized patients by using random forest model.Results:The results of the grey correlation analysis revealed that the highest correlations affecting hospitalization expense in the DRG pilot hospital group and the non-DRG pilot hospital group were the average expense in each surgical treatment and the average drug costs for each patient,respectively,and the lowest was the average expense of inspection and test in each patient.The results of random forest model showed that the top two influencing factors of DRG pilot hospital group were consumption ratio and the average length of hospitalization,while the average length of hospitalization,surgical treatment expense ratio and consumption ratio are more important than other influential factors of non-DRG pilot hospital group.Conclusion:DRG payment is conducive to optimizing the hospitalization expense structure of uterine leiomyoma hospitalized patients.The average length of hospitalization,consumption ratio,and surgical treatment expense ratio are important factors affecting the hospitalization expense of uterine leiomyoma hospitalized patients.Public hospitals should continue to optimize the expense structure in the future,pay equal attention to"reducing expenditure"and"open source",implement DRG payment and its supporting measures to enhance the efficiency of medical services,reinforce the comprehensive management of consumables,and empower hospitals and medical personnel.

Objective:To investigate the internal structure and determinants of hospitalization expenses for uterine leiomyoma patients in DRG pilot and non-DRG pilot hospitals in Beijing,to fumish insights for the forthcoming phase of public hospital reform.Methods:The statistical data of 5 DRG pilot hospitals and 124 non-DRG pilot hospitals in Beijing from 2015 to 2021 were collected to analyze the correlation degree between each detail expense and the average hospitalization expense by using grey correlation analysis,and the influencing factors of the average hospitalization expense of hospitalized patients by using random forest model.Results:The results of the grey correlation analysis revealed that the highest correlations affecting hospitalization expense in the DRG pilot hospital group and the non-DRG pilot hospital group were the average expense in each surgical treatment and the average drug costs for each patient,respectively,and the lowest was the average expense of inspection and test in each patient.The results of random forest model showed that the top two influencing factors of DRG pilot hospital group were consumption ratio and the average length of hospitalization,while the average length of hospitalization,surgical treatment expense ratio and consumption ratio are more important than other influential factors of non-DRG pilot hospital group.Conclusion:DRG payment is conducive to optimizing the hospitalization expense structure of uterine leiomyoma hospitalized patients.The average length of hospitalization,consumption ratio,and surgical treatment expense ratio are important factors affecting the hospitalization expense of uterine leiomyoma hospitalized patients.Public hospitals should continue to optimize the expense structure in the future,pay equal attention to"reducing expenditure"and"open source",implement DRG payment and its supporting measures to enhance the efficiency of medical services,reinforce the comprehensive management of consumables,and empower hospitals and medical personnel.