Cardiology ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Physicians ; Stroke

Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVETo measure the effect of atorvastatin on COX-2 expression in monocytes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSForty patients with AMI (AMI group) and 18 patients with stable coronary heart disease (control group) were enrolled, and patients with AMI were randomly given routine therapy (n = 20) and routine therapy plus atorvastatin (20 mg/day, n = 20) for a week. Peripheral blood monocytes for each participant including patients with AMI were isolated and cultured for 24 hours. During the culture, monocytes in patients with pretreatment AMI were incubated with celecoxib in different concentration (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/L). COX-2 mRNA expression in monocytes was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatant from monocytes and plasma hs-CRP levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSCOX-2 expression in monocytes in patients with AMI (0.92 +/- 0.13) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (0.19 +/- 0.08), and decreased by 66% after atorvastatin (compared with that on routine therapy, P < 0.05); IL-6 secretions of monocytes in the AMI group (204.8 +/- 45.6 ng/L) increased dramatically compared with those in the control group (40.9 +/- 1.2 ng/L, P < 0.05), and reduced dramatically by 58% when incubated with 10 micromol/L celecoxib (P < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner; plasma levels of CRP in the AMI group (43.3 +/- 14.9 mg/L) significantly increased compared with those in the control group (1.7 +/- 0.8 mg/L), and reduced by 62% after atorvastatin (compared with those in the routine therapy group, P < 0.05). COX-2 expression in monocytes in the AMI group was positively correlated with both secretions of IL-6 and plasma level of CRP (r = 0.636 and 0.662, respectively, both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is an inflammatory activation in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with early AMI, and the monocytes-derived COX-2 may play an important role in promoting early inflammatory process. Atorvastatin may decrease COX-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with AMI and cyclooxygenase-dependent pathway might be correlated with the anti-inflammation mechanism of statin.

Aged ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; physiology ; Calcinosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology ; Vascular Diseases ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo describe the characteristics of child pedestrian traffic injuries among aged 0-14 years old in Guangzhou city and to provide information on road, vehicle and human injuries in pedestrian.

METHODSA database of all motor vehicle crashes involving child pedestrian traffic injury cases over a five-year period (2000-2004), was from the police department.

RESULTSThe annual pedestrian traffic injury rates on incidence, mortality and case fatality were 17.63/ 1,100,000, 1.78/ 100,000 and 10.07% respectively. Both incidence rate and mortality peaked in the 5-9 age group were 26.80/ 100,000 and 2.57/ 100,000, with case fatality peaked in the 0-4 age group (13.29%). For males, the incidence (20.98/ 100,000) and mortality (2.00/ 100,000) were higher than that in females (13.83/ 100,000, and 1.52/ 100,000). The main injured parts of body would include multi-areas (40.34%), head (26.75%) and lower limbs (21.53%). 10.07% of the cases died and 66.18% and 23.75% of them having had severe and slight injures. The major causes were due to drivers (57.50%) and pedestrians (33.47%) faults with top three responsible vehicles were cars (40.14%), two-wheeled motorcycles (34.38%) and vans (22.15%).

CONCLUSIONData from pediatric pedestrian injury poses a threat to children and adolescents, data suggesting that it is important to change behaviors of both drivers and pedestrians.

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Coronary Vessels ; injuries ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Humans ; Male ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

Objective To evaluate the outcome of health education program on drowning prevention among primary and secondary school children in rural areas. Methods A township was selected and all the students from grade 3 to 5, grade 7 to 8, and grade 10 to 11 were selected to take part in the program. Twelve intervention measures on natural water safety and drowning prevention were carried out for one year. Information was collected using the same questionnaire before and after the intervention program. Results One year after the intervention was carried out, children's knowledge on drowning prevention improved significantly (13.21, 95% CI: 12.51-13.90) , and a positive effect was also noticed among boys (12.77, 95%CI: 11.77-13.77), girls (13.80, 95%CI: 12.82-14.78),and among primary school children (15.51,95%CI: 14.30-16.72), senior high school children (10.78,95%CI: 9.50-12.05) and junior high school children (12.77,95%CI: 11.84-13.71). Overall rates on risk behaviors dropped from 41.4% to 32.2% (by 22.2%) including 15.6% for boys, 35.2% for girls and 13.8%, 29.3%, 26.3% for primary school children, senior high school children, junior high school children, respectively. The incidence rates for non-fatal drowning decreased by 58.9% (from 5.6% to 2.3%). The person-times for treatment on sight, in emergency settings, in outpatient clinic or in the hospitals had a reduction from 399, 78, 36 to 175, 32, 14, respectively. Conclusion Health education program could improve children's perception on water safety, and reduce their risk behaviors as well as on the incidence of non-fatal drowning in the rural areas.

OBJECTIVETo explore the transmission routes, genotypes/subtypes distribution and genetic character of HCV in HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected individuals in Guangdong Province.

METHODSReverse transcription (RT) nested PCR was performed to amplify the HCV NS5B gene region from 95 HIV/HCV co-infected and 99 HCV mono-infected individuals lived in Guangdong province. The PCR products were then sequenced for HCV subtyping. Genetic analysis was done by MEGA4 software.

RESULTS(1) HIV/HCV co-infected individuals infected HCV mostly through injection drug use (IDU, 78.9%), the HCV subtypes were identified as 6a (53.7%), 3a (17.9%), 1b (15.8%), 3b (11.6%) and 1a (1.0%) respectively, the genetic distance within subtype 1b was longer than those within other subtypes, the predominant HCV subtype in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals infected through IDU was 6a (60.0%). (2) HCV mono-infected individuals infected HCV mostly through blood or blood products transfusions (80.8%), the HCV subtypes were identified as 1b (67.7%), 6a (17.2%), 3a (6.1%), 2a (5.0%), 3b (2.0%), 4a (1.0%) and 5a (1.0%) respectively, the genetic distance within subtype 1b was also longer than those within other subtypes, the predominant HCV subtype in HCV mono-infected individuals infected through blood or blood products transfusions was 1b (76.2%).

CONCLUSIONThe diversity of HCV subtypes in HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected individuals in Guangdong Province was high, both the major transmission route and HCV subtype between HIV/HCV co-infected individuals and HCV mono-infected individuals were different.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Coinfection ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity among people aged 18 and over in Guangdong province in 2002, and to identify the populations and regions under high risk.

METHODSCross-sectional survey was used through sampling on multi-stage randomized clusters. Data of socialeconomic status were collected by face-to-face interview. Data on weight and height was obtained through physical check-ups.

RESULTSA sample size of 15 130 people and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.03 +/- 3.38 with no significant difference between males and females. However the significant difference was seen between cities and rural areas. The crude prevalence rate of overweight and obesity were 16.8% and 1.8%, and the age-adjusted rate were 15.0% and 1.7%, respectively. The crude rate of overweight in cities (24.8%) and males (17.5%) were higher than that in rural areas (9.4%) and females (16.2%). The crude rate of obesity in cities was seen higher than that in the rural areas, but not significantly different between females and males. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the major risk factors influencing overweight would include household income, age, gender, smoking habits, physical exercises and location of residence.

CONCLUSIONAbout one sixth of the citizens in Guangdong province were considered to be overweighted and obesive had become an important public health problem. Integrated measures must be taken for prevention and control.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study is to explore the effects of quercetin (QUE) on the 3 week-old mice ovarian development and relative hormone levels. The 3 week-old mice were exposed to QUE (45, 25, and 5 mg x kg(-1) x hd(-1)) by gavage for 50 days. The estrous cycle during 50 days and the changes of hormone level such as FSH, LH, etc were monitored. Moreover, the ovaries were removed after sacrifice. The organ index was measured, and the ratios of different stages of follicles were analyzed by HE staining. Furthermore, the proportion of PCNA positive cells during all stages was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that QUE could increase body weight of mice and reduce the anogenital distance (AGD) to some extent, and was able to disrupt mice's estrous cycle, but it could not extend or reduce the cycle regularity. It increased ovarian organ index with a dose-dependent manner. The proportion of the primordial follicle and secondary follicles rose obviously, and that of mature follicles', atretic follicles' and corpus luteums' reduced, while primordial follicle had no change. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that QUE could effectively increase the percentage of proliferating cells in all kinds of follicles. Serum hormone assay showed that there were significant changes of FSH and LH levels. In summary, QUE showed an estrogen-like effect on mice's ovarian development. The weight of ovary, the proportion of all kinds of follicles, the development of ovarian cells and the level of plasma hormone in mice were altered obviously by oral administration of QUE.
Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrous Cycle ; drug effects ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Mice ; Ovarian Follicle ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ovary ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Phytoestrogens ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Quercetin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation