OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic(PE) efficacies of three therapeutic schemes in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia.METHODS:By applying the principle of decision tree analysis in pharmacoeconomics,a retrospective analysis and evaluation was performed on the following 3 therapeutic schemes:sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride injection,cefuroxime sodium for injection by iv gtt,and azithromycin for injection by iv gtt.RESULTS:The total costs of the three schemes were 4 327.56 yuan,5 327.32 yuan,and 5 074.14 yuan,respectively,and the total effective rates were 89.80%,88.80%,and 85.29%,respectively.The anticipant costs for each cured case of community acquired pneumonia were 3 886.15yuan,4 730.66yuan,and 4 327.73yuan,respectively.CONCLUSION:The sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride injection is the optimal one among the 3 schemes.

OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence between cefadroxil capsules and its reference capsules and pharmacokinetics in 22 male healthy volunteers METHODS:A dose of 1 000mg cefadroxil(test and reference products)was given according to a randomized cross-over design Plasma concentrations of cefadroxil and internal standard(amoxicillin) were determined by HPLC RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of both preparations fitted to a one-compartment model The main parameters of test and reference products were as follows:T1/2ke were (1 40?0 15)h and (1 44?0 23)h;Tmax were (2 3?0 5)h and (2 2?0 3)h;peak concentrations(Cmax) were (30 59?4 25)?g/ml and(30 57?4 24)?g/ml,AUC were(99 31?14 50)?g/(ml?h) and (99 22?15 11)?g/(ml?h)respectively CONCLUSION:Relative bioavailability was(100 42?7 62)% The two formulations were bioequivalent

Objective To analyze the handling measure in period of ambo-operation and postoperative care of patients with abdominal surgery in advanced age over 80 years. Methods A retrospective analysis of 102 integrity data of patients with abdominal surgery in advanced age over 80 years was done. Results 100 patients recovery and discharged. The incidence of postoperative complications was 55.9% (55/102). Postoperative death was oberserved in two patients. Conclusion In patients over 80 years old,handling measure in period of ambo-operation is very impor-tant. Degeneration of organ function and more comorbidities made operation more dangerous. A well preoperative prep-aration and postoperative care, an intensive treatment of comorbiditius, the prevention of apoplexia and reducing the chance of emergency operation, will make operation more effective.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Styrene

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Organotin Compounds ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To construct cDNA entry library and cDNA expression library of Armillifer agkistrodontis (A.) nymphs and make a preliminary immunoscreening for the cDNA expression library.Methods The nymphs were collected from the Kunming mice infected experimentally with A.agkistrodontis eggs and the total RNA were extracted from the nymphs using TRIzol Reagent.After purifying the mRNA,the synthesized cDNAs were cloned into the donor vector pDONR222 by BP reaction of Gateway technology and the recombinants were transformed into the DH10B cells by electroporation,the cDNA entry library was obtained.Next,the expression vector pDEST17 was ligated with entry clones by LR reaction,and the recombinants were transformed into the BL21 (DE3) cells.Hence,the cDNA expression library was constructed.Then,the expression library was immunoscreened with the mixed sera of mice infected with A.agkistrodontis,and the insertions of positive clones were sequenced.After that,the open reading frame(ORF) of positive slone sequence,the homology of the screened genes and their encoded proteins were analyzed by Finder and BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) program of National Center of Biotechnology Information(NCBI),and the discovered new genes were submitted into the GenBank.Besides,the physico-chemical properties,secondary structure and B cell epitopes of encoded proteins were also analyzed by bioinformatics software.Results The average titer and total clones of the cDNA entry library were 1.45 × 105 CFU/ml(colony-forming unit,CFU) and 1.74 × 106 CFU,respectively,and the range of fragment length of the inserted cDNA was between 0.2-4.0 kb,with an average of 1.4 kb.The total clones of cDNA expression library were 1.00 × 105 CFU,and the fragment length of the inserted cDNA was between 0.3-2.2 kb,with an average of 1.0 kb.Five positive clones,coded S1,S5,A1,D1 and F1,respectively,were obtained through preliminary immunoscreening.The sequence and homology of the five positive clones were sequenced and analyzed by BLAST program.No significant similarities were found in pentastomida species,which meant that they were all novel genes of A.agkistrodontis.The gene sequences were submitted to GenBank,with the accession number from JQ180451 to JQ180455.Also,results obtained by bioinformatics software showed that the predictive encoding proteins were all potential to be valuable recombinant diagnostic antigens.Conclusions The cDNA library of A.agkistrodontis nymphs is successfully constructed,and five new genes of A.agkistrodontis are discovered.The establishment of cDNA library and the discovery of the new genes will lay a foundation for further studying the gene functions and screening the immunodiagnostic antigens.

AIM:To investigate the effects of amnion epithelial cell ( AEC) suspension liquid on the biological behavior of the rabbit's corneal epithelium, combined with the in vitro and in vivo experiments. · METHODS: The rabbit's corneal epithelium were cultured in the lower chamber of transwell, and AEC suspension liquid was dropwised in the upper chamber. There was only culture medium in the upper chamber of the control group. The proliferation of rabbit's corneal epithelium was observed with CCK-8 automated colorimetry and the expression of PCNA was detected by immunocytochemistry. We used the scratch wound assay to detect the migration of corneal epithelial cell ( CEC ) . The in vivo models were established by placing a 10mm diameter corneal trephine in the center of the cornea, within 1mol/L NaOH for 1min. We divided those into three groups: treatment group of AEC suspension liquid eye drop, AEC suspension liquid subconjunctival injection and the control group without any treatment. Using the slit- lamp biomicroscope and fluorescence staining to observe the cornea per week. After 28d we took the eyeballs with the HE staining. The expression of VEGF was detected by immunohistochemistry. ·RESULTS: The activity of CEC with AEC treatment was much higher than the control group ( P< 0. 05 ). The expression of PCNA increased in AEC group (P<0. 05). And the migration of CEC in the AEC group was faster than the control one. In vivo, the inflammation of the corneal and the CNV of the AEC group were all significantly reduced compared with the control group (P<0. 05 ). There were less invasive cells and more ordered organization arrangement in ACE group observed by the HE staining. The expression of VEGF and mcp-1 in these two AEC treatment groups all significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: AEC suspension liquid can promote the proliferation and migration of the rabbit's corneal epithelium. The potential of AEC suspension liquid as a therapy for acute corneal alkali burn.

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of deoxyschizandrin on the growth of brain glioma C6 cells, and to explore its mechanism.Methods:The rat glioma C6 cells were cultured and divided into control group,50, 100,and 200 mg·L-1 deoxyschizandrin groups.The proliferation rates of C6 cells were examined by MTT assay;the changes of cell cycles were examined by flow cytometry;the expression levels of CyclinD1,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins in supernant were detected by ELISA assay. Results:Compared with control group, the proliferation rates at 24 and 48 h in 50,100,and 200 mg·L-1 deoxyschizandrin groups were significantly decreased (P <0.01),and the proliferation rates at 72 h in 100 and 200 mg·L-1 deoxyschizandrin groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). Compared with control group, the percentage of cells at SubG1 phase in 200 mg·L-1 deoxyschizandrin group was increased (P < 0.05 ), and the percentage of cells at S phase was decreased (P <0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of CyclinD1 in 100 and 200 mg· L-1 deoxyschizandrin groups were decreased (P < 0.01 );the expression levels of Bax protein in deoxyschizandrin groups were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ), and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in 200 mg · L-1 deoxyschizandrin group was decreased (P < 0.01 ), and the Bax/Bcl-2 value in deoxyschizandrin groups were increased (P < 0.01 ); the expression level of Caspase-3 protein in 200 mg · L-1 deoxyschizandrin group was increased (P < 0.01 ).Conclusion:Deoxyschizandrin could inhibit the growth of glioma cells through down-regulating the expression levels of CyclinD1 protein and up-regulating the expression levels apoptotic factors Bax and Bcl-2.

Objective To discuss the allocation of oral medical resource in west area of Chongqing,and investigate the caries prevalence in these population.Methods Study samples was raised with the multistage stratified random cluster sampling method,then data was analyzed to compare the allocation of oral medical.Resource,awareness degree on oral health and caries prevalence in each age grade between urban and rural area.Results In west area of Chongqing,the allocation of oral medical resource and awareness degree on oral health were better in urban area than those in rural area.In each age grade,the caries prevalence is higher in rural area,when compared with that in urban area.In addition,the caries prevalence of 5 years old group and 12 years old group is the same between male and female in both urban area and rural area (P＞0.05).Nevertheless,in 35-44 years old and 65-74 years old group,the caries prevalence was higher in female compared with male in both urban area and rural area (P＜0.05).Conclusion In west area of chongqing,the rural allocation of oral medical resource is bad and needs improvement,the awareness of oral hygiene is weak among population of rural area.In west area of Chongqing,women in 35-44 years and 65-74 years old should pay more attention to caries prevention and treatment.

Objective To reinvestigate the value of overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome.Methods Fifty-two patients with Cushing syndrome and 153 patients with simple obesity or essential hypertension in whom Cushing syndrome was excluded were studied retrospectively in order to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different serum cortisol cut-off levels in overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome.Results The sensitivity of 50% of basal serum cortisol level at 8:00 and of the serum cortisol cut-off levels of 275,200,138,50 nmoL/L at 8:00 after the overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test was 92.3%,92.3%,92.3%,92.3% and 100.0% respectively, and the specificity was 90.8%,98.7%,96.1%,91.5% and 78.4%,respectively.Conclusion The serum cortisol cut-off level of 50 nmol/L in the overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test has very high sensitivity and can be used as a screening test for Cushing syndrome.