Adjuvant analgesics refer to a group of drugs that are used not only to treat certain diseases but also to induce analge-sia. Such drugs demonstrate different mechanisms based on the complexity of cancer pain. Thus, opioids, nonsteroidal drugs, and adju-vant analgesics are often combined to control cancer pain. According to the WHO three-step analgesic ladder, adjuvant analgesics can be used at any cancer stage, and the usage of these drugs combined with opioids can reduce the required dosages of these pain relievers, thereby alleviating the adverse reactions associated with opioid use. Moreover, these drugs are particularly suitable for neuropathic pain patients who are not fully sensitive to opioids. The commonly used adjuvant analgesics include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, local administration drugs, corticosteroids, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Various adjuvant analgesics also differ in usage and dosage based on primary disease treatment. Therefore, clinical doctors should determine the adverse reactions, proper dos-age, and subsequent amount of dosage to be added in a few days or weeks to achieve balance between the desired effect and adverse re-actions.

To study the general characteristics of cancer pain and to improve cancer pain diagnosis and treatment lev-el by prospective and open cross-sectional assessment of the clinical characteristics of patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods:Patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were observed upon initial admission to the hospital from December 2012 to De-cember 2013. We assessed pain intensity, location, characteristics, and predisposing and mitigating factors and classified the pain by pathophysiology. Results:A total of 310 patients with moderate (101 cases, 32.58%) and severe (209 cases, 67.42%) pains were as-sessed. The top five cancers identified were lung cancer (102 cases, 32.90%), colorectal cancer (30 cases, 9.68%), pancreatic cancer (27 cases, 8.71%), breast cancer (24 cases, 7.74%), and gastric cancer (20 cases, 6.54%). These patients reported 533 cancer pain locations, including waist (132 cases), abdominal (125 cases), chest (88 cases), lower limb (71 cases), shoulder, neck, and upper limb (47 cases), pelvis (33 cases), perineal area (23 cases), and head and face (14 cases). The pain location of the pancreatic cancer was 90.63%consis-tent with the primary tumor site. The pathophysiology of the pain was classified as follows:bone pain (145 cases, 27.20%), visceral pain (138 cases, 25.89%), soft tissue pain (126 cases, 23.64%), and neuropathic pain (124 cases, 23.27%). The incidence of visceral pain in pancreatic cancer was 92.59%. Conclusion:A variety of common malignancies could cause moderate to severe pain, especially lung cancer. The clinical manifestation of pancreatic cancer pain is visceral pain. The location of this cancer was consistent with the pri-mary tumor site. No apparent specificity was observed in other cancer types.

Abnormal epigenetics play important roles in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). DNA hypermeth-ylation is the most common epigenetic abnormality in MDS. Demethylating DNA hypermethylation may improve the quality of life of MDS patients and prolong their overall survival. Azacitidine and decitabine are the demethylating drugs approved for MDS treatment. These drugs showed clinical effects on all subgroups of MDS patients.

Objective: To investigate the curative effect of combined acupuncture and medicine on pseudobulbar paralysis. Method:The patients were allocated into an acupuncture group of 50 cases and a control group of 48 cases by completely random sampling. The acupuncture group received western medicine combined with acupuncture and the control group received simple Western medicine. Results:The effective rate was 92.0% in the acupuncture group and 62.5% in the control group. There was a very significant difference in curative effect between the two groups(P＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The curative effect of combined acupuncture and medicine on pseudobulbar paralysis is significantly better than that of simple Western medicine.

Anemia is one of the most common complication and a negative prognostic factor of lymphoid neoplasma.Different cases with lymphoid neoplasma associated anemia(LNAA)have various pathogenesis such as hemorrhagic anemia, anemia of chronic disease,autoimmune hemolytic anemia and treatment related anemia, though they all have the same symptoms. So different regimens are given to different patients according to their pathogenesis of LNAA.

The morbidity of pancreatic duct calculus is increasing every year in China. Currently the main therapeutic methods include non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatments contain endoscopic calculus extracting and / or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Surgical treatment has two categories: drainage of the pancreatic duct decompression and pancreatectomy. Concrete treatment or surgical options should follow the strategy of individual.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for dissolution determination of Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules.METHODS:Paddle method was adopted and 0.1 mol?L-1 HCl solution was used as dissolution medium at rotation rate of 50 r?min-1.UV spectrophotometry was used to detect at wavelength of 482 nm.Dissolution rate was calculated.RESULTS:The linear range of erythromycin ethylsuccinate were 4～40 mg?L-1(r=0.999 0,n=5)with an average recovery of 99.19%(RSD=0.56%).Dissolution rate of erythromycin ethylsuccinate was more than 80% within 30 min.CONCLUSION:The method is rapid,simple and accurate for the quality control of Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules.

Objective To compare the effect of Gegensu Injection and Chinese Traditional Medicine on Chronic Renal Failure.Methods 70 cases of Chronic Renal Failure were selected as group A, treated by Gegensu Injection; During the same term,60 cases of Chronic Renal Failure were selected as group B, treated by Chinese Traditional Medicine and Chinese Traditional Medicine Clyster. The effect of two methods were valued by analyzing the numeral value of Scr and BUN in two groups . Results 1.Significant effective rate is 8.57, effective rate 41.42, ineffective rate 50, total effective rate 50 in group A; 23.33, 41.67, 35, 65 in group B. 2. After treatment, the numeral value of Scr and BUN in group A had significant difference (P

Objective To establish multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat assay(MLVA) genotyping database for clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in Kunming area and analyse the prevalence status of MRSA in hos‐pital ,through establishing a classification method for MRSA by homology MLVA which was appropriate to routine application in clinical laboratory .Methods A total of 111 strains of MRSA isolated by the Clinical Microbiology Chamber of the First People′s Hospital of Kunming City from October 2010 to December 2013 were collected .The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification and electrophoresis for analysis of PCR products were carried out for the seven sites of variable number tandem repeats(VNTR) , classification of strain based on genotypes was carried out ,as well .Results The sequencing results of VNTR09‐01 site showed 9 bp repetitive sequence elements whose regularity was not strong ,and the repetitive elements was mutable .The 111 isolates were divid‐ed into 25 kinds of genotypes(A -Y) ,among which genotype G ,A and B were the main types ,accounted for 47 .7% ,13 .5% and 8 .1% respectively .Conclusion MLVA could be generally applied in the seven sites of VNTR in this study .Some departments might exit concentrated epidemic of homologous MRSA strains ,which is worthy of being paid more attention .

Objective To study the effect of microecologic modulator combined with antibiotic in treatment of infantile diarrhea.Methods 150 children with diarrhea in our hospital were selected as the research subjects,they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,75 cases in each group.The observation group used tyrosine aureus triple viable bacterial combined with amoxicillin therapy,the control group received lactasinum biofermin, vitamin for oral treatment.The curative effect,clinical symptoms and inflammatory factors TNF -ɑ,IL -6,IL -10 changes after treatment for 2 months were compared in the two groups.Results The vomiting,fever,abdominal pain relief time and length of hospital stay in the observation group were (5.12 ±0.52)d,(1.52 ±0.33)d,(1.32 ± 0.41)d,(4.73 ±0.55)d,(5.95 ±0.52)d respectively,which of the control group were (10.33 ±0.64)d,(2.62 ± 0.47)d,(2.21 ±0.32)d,(10.06 ±1.67)d,(11.05 ±1.42)d respectively,which of the observation group were significantly shorter than the control group.The effective rate of the observation group was 97.33% (73 /75),which of the control group was 84.00% (63 /75),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2 =8.324,P <0.05).Before treatment,the TNF -ɑ,IL -6,IL -10 levels had no obvious differences between the two groups,after treatment,those in the observation group were (2.08 ±0.24)ng/mL,(94.67 ±10.75)ng/mL,(7.58 ± 0.88)ng/mL respectively,those in the control group were (2.88 ±0.37)ng/mL,(128.55 ±17.53)ng/mL,(40.55 ± 1.12)ng/mL respectively,and the levels of the observation group were better than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =6.327,5.694,4.156,all P <0.05 ).Conclusion Microecologic modulator combined with antibiotic in treatment of infantile diarrhea can significantly shorten the recovery time of clinical symptoms,reduce inflammation,improve the treatment effect,it is worthy of clinical popularization and application.