Analysis on currently used stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China was performed and comparison in stomatology text or reference books between china and American was made.It was found that the types and numbers of stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China were very limited compared with those in American.Many textbooks needed for dental education were insufficient.Great efforts should be made to select relevant topics or titles and to prepare text or reference books accordingly in an aim to meet the needs of today's high quality dental education.

BACKGROUND:At present, spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury is considered as the main reason for secondary paralysis after spinal decompression, and to control the levels of stress-related proteins and excitatory amino acids plays an important role in the treatment of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression level of protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits. METHODS:Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled, the models of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury were established using Zivin's method, and were then randomized into six groups (n=6 per group). The rabbit abdominal aorta in control group was exposed without vascular occlusion and then the abdominal cavity was closed 30 minutes later. In experimental groups, the abdominal aorta was blocked for 30 minutes, followed by 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of reperfusion, and then the abdominal cavity was closed. The neurological function was evaluated with a modified Tarlov score. The L3-5lumbar vertebrae were removed, and PDIA3 was screened by two-dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry, and then its temporal and spatial changes in the spinal cord were detected by western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The function of hind limbs was improved in all the experimental groups after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the modified Tarlov scores reached the peak at 24 hours after schemia/reperfusion injury, and decreased slightly at 48 hours. The expression of PDIA3 in the control group showed clear imprinting, which was slightly strengthened at 0 hour, became more strengthened at 6-12 hours, significantly reduced to the minimum level at 24 hours, and returned to the level of 6-12 hours at 48 hours after ischemia/reperfusion. Immunohistochemical results showed that there was visible PDIA3 in the cytoplasm of neurons, and the expression level in the interneurons was significantly higher than that in the motor neurons. These results suggest that upregulated PDIA3 appears in the development and progression of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, indicating that PDIA3 is closely related to spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, which can be used as a new diagnosis and treatment target.

Objective To establish analysis methods of two-dimensional(2-DE)gel electrophoresis for human osteosarcoma.Methods A series of methods,including Immobilized pH gradient were used as ID.Some applications,such as sample preparation used as choice of IPG gel,were improved.Coomassie brilliant blue staining,ImageMaster 2D Elite 3.01 analysis software,MALDI-TOF/ TOF MS and SWISS-PROT database serching were used to separate and indentify the proteins of human osteosarcoma.Results The good use pattern including repetitive experiments showed that in three experiments,the amount of protein spots of the same team sample deviates from the relative standard as following,the average of variation coefficient(%) : 23.00?10.11 and 20.33?9.90;and the range of variation coefficient(%) were:3.80-6.89 and 2.706.89 from osteosarcoma and normal group respectively.The isoelectric point and molecular weigh of the same protein spots in three experiments deviated from relative standard as following:(8.93%?1.17)%,(10.16?2.02)%,(10.87?3.86)%,respectively.Therefore,better resolution and repetitive 2-DE atlas were obtained.The proteins from 11 pairs of sample were analysed by mass spectrometry,9 identified proteins(transthyretin precursor, Triosephosphate isomerase,slow skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle Troponin T,Cofilin-1,Myosin light chain 1,Calgranulin B,Heat-shock protein,Annexin A5, Fanconi anemia group D2 proteins) were more abundant in osteosarcoma tisstues and 2 proteins manganese SOD and carbonic dehydratase appeared down-regulation in osteosarcoma tisstues.Conclusion This optimized 2-DE map is an important tool for further study on osteosarcoma,and these identified proteins were related-proteins with osteosarcoma.It is suggested that the changes of the proteome are involved in the pathology processe of osteosarcoma.

At present, tumor therapy has entered the era of immunotherapy. However, in recent years, it has been found that the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors after chest radiotherapy can not only play a synergistic anti-tumor effect, but also cause radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP). RRP is a rare immune-related adverse reaction, which even leads to death in severe cases. It is of great significance to study the mechanisms and influencing factors of RRP caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors for strengthening the cognitive management of RRP and reducing the risk of RRP.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of radiographic methods commonly used for diagnostic of condylar fractures.Methods From Jan 2002 to Nov 2013,290 patients (405 condylars) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) division of Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were diagnosed as condylar fractures.Panoramic films and CT were taken in all patients to check and count the amount of condylar fractures,including intracapsular condyle fracture (type A,B,C and M),condylar neck fracture and subcondylar fracture.MRI was also taken in 119 patients with 174 condylar fractures to check the position of TMJ disc.The data were analyzed and compared among the three examinations in the diagnosis of the condylar fractures.Results Panoramic films showed 79.8％ (323/405) condylar fractures.Among condylar fractures,intracapsular condylar fractures,condylar neck fractures and subcondylar fractures accounted for 48.9％(198/405),20.3％(82/405) and 10.6％(43/405)respectively.CT showed 64.0％ (259/405) intracapsular condylar fractures,24.0％ (97/405) condylar neck fractures and 12.1％(49/405) subcondylar fractures.Among intracapsular condylar fractures,Type A fracture was the most common type of ICF,which accounted for 48.7％(126/259),followed by Type B fracture,which accounted for 30.9％(80/259) and Type M fracture,12.4％(32/259).Type C fracture was the least type which accounted for 8.1％ (21/259).According to the diagnostic criteria of CT,there were 10 condylar neck fractures misdiagnosed with intracapsular condylar fractures.MRI showed 94.9％ (129/136) TMJ disc displacement in intracapsular condylar fractures,53.6％ (15/28) in condylar neck fractures and 60.0％ (6/10) in subcondylar fractures.Among intracapsular condylar fractures,there were 95.3％(61/64) TMJ disc displacement in type A,95.2％(40/42) in type B,89.0％(8/9) in type C,and 95.2％(20/21) in type M.There was significant difference of TMJ disc displacement between intracapsular condylar fractures and condylar neck fractures or subcondylar fractures (P＜0.05),and no significant difference between condylar neck fractures and subcondylar fractures (P＜0.05).There was also no significant difference among various type of intracapsular condylar fractures.Conclusions Panoramic films can initially diagnose condylar fractures but with the high misdiagnosis rate for intracapsular fractures,minor fractures and fractures without fragment displacement.CT,especially coronal CT,should be considered for positioning fracture lines and confirming the displacement angle of fragment.MRI should also be used to determine the position of TMJ disc in intracapsular condylar fractures.

Aims: This review aimed to comprehensively examine kratom’s therapeutic potential for treatment of mental health-related issues as well as any related benefits and risks. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Medline. Review methods: Three authors carried out electronic search of articles published between 1950 to September 2022 through major databases for a duration of three months (from July to September 2022). Each author independently screened the literature for inclusion and exclusion criteria, the findings were then compared, discrepancies between authors were resolved, and the final selection of articles were reviewed. Results: A total of 46 articles were included in this review. A total of three in vitro and animal studies and five cross-sectional online surveys reported the therapeutic potential of kratom in opioid replacement therapy. In addition, a total of two animal studies and three cross-sectional online surveys highlighted the role of kratom as a potential antidepressant and anxiolytic. Contrastingly, two animal studies, 11 studies in human subjects, and 16 case reports documented the risk of kratom dependence, cravings, tolerance, and kratom-related substance use disorder as the major safety concern of implementing kratom use as a therapeutic agent. Conclusion and impact: In the absence of human clinical trial, coupled with various considerable adverse events of kratom (not limited to psychological side effects), evidence to support kratom as potential therapeutic use remains inconclusive.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of a hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" in residency training and specialty training of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the training base of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, as the research subject.Methods:A total of 144 trainees receiving residency training and 32 receiving specialist training were enrolled from June 2022 to April 2023 and were divided into experimental group and control group, with 72 trainees receiving residency training and 16 receiving specialist training in each group. Clinical and learning tasks were designed using the traditional model for the control group and the hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" for the experimental group, and the performance of trainees in theoretical assessments and self-evaluations was recorded. SPSS 23.0 was used to perform the t-test. Results:The hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" achieved a significant effect in both theoretical assessments and self-evaluations of the trainees. As for the trainees receiving specialty training, there was a significant difference in the score of theoretical assessment between the experimental group and the control group (84.56±4.05 vs. 81.13±2.78, P<0.05), and as for the trainees receiving residency training, there was also a significant difference in this score between the experimental group and the control group (84.74±4.85 vs. 82.10±4.34, P<0.01). The results of self-assessment questionnaire showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had a higher proportion of trainees giving positive evaluations of various indicators. Conclusions:This study suggests that the hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" provides an effective teaching model for residency training and specialty training of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and this model may help to enhance disciplinary interests and promote clinical practice abilities, thereby providing valuable insights for future medical education in China.

Replacement of the temporomandibular joint (RTJ) has undergone decades of technological improvements and is now an important treatment for end-stage temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease. The main complications of RTJ include aseptic loosening, heterotopic ossification, postsurgical infection, hypersensitivity reaction, prosthesis loosening or malposition, nerve injury and severe bleeding. Improvement in clinical technique is now the key to resolving complications. In the future, improvements in prosthetic materials may be an important development for newer iterations. With the development and popularity of TMJ surgical techniques, prosthesis-related complications will increasingly come into clinical view. This article provides a systematic review of the complications of RTJ prosthesis replacement and the measures to deal with them, and looks forward to the direction of the development of this field from the perspective of reducing complications, so as to provide a reference for clinical work.