Objective To discuss the protection of parathyroid and application of nano-carbon suspen-sion in thyroid surgery .Methods 80 cases were randomly divided into 2 groups:the experimental group which were injected nano-carbon into thyroid during thyroidectomy , and the control group without any injection .Results There were 5 cases with hypocalcemia and 5 cases with PTH decrease in the experimental group , and there were 15 cases and 14 cases respectively in the control group .Pathological results showed that misresection of par-athyroids occurred in 6 cases of the control group(11 parathyroid glands)were while it didn't happen in the experi-mental group .Conclusion Nano-carbon can help to identify and protect the parathyroid , decreasing the proba-bility of parathyroid gland damage during thyroid surgery .

[Objective] To investigate the relationship of different types of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid function.[Methods] A Total of 3846 cases,which received prenatal examination,delivered in the Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University and performed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g 0GTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks,from Jan 1st,2014 to Dec 31st,2015,were divided into 2 groups.Normal blood glucose group:the result of OGTT (fasting plasma glucose,1 hour glucose and 2 hour glucose) was normal;Gestational diabetes mellitus group (GDM group):the result of 0GTT was abnormal.GDM group were divided into Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and lⅢ.GDM Ⅰ defined as one abnormal blood glucose of result.GDM Ⅱ:two abnormal blood glucose.GDM Ⅲ:three abnormal blood glucose.1868 cases of healthy pregnant women were reselected as the control group.TSH,FT4 and TPO Ab were detected in two groups.Analysis of Variance,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal Wallis rank test or Fisher's test was used for statistical analysis.[Result] There were statistically significant difference in TSH,FT4 between GDM subgroup and control group (P =0.012,P =0.002).TSH median trend to increase in GDM Ⅱ,and FT4 median trend to decrease in GDM Ⅱ.The Prevalence of hypothyroidism in GDM Ⅱ and GDM Ⅲ were higher than those in control group.[Conclusion] The GDM group with two or three abnormal blood glucose had a higher incidence thyroid gland dysfunction,especial with subclinical hypothyroidism.We should fully test the thyroid function,treat diabetes as early as possible and improve the pregnancy outcome as we could.

The graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect of T cells induced by tumor antigen-pulsed CD8α(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro was investigated in this study. Immature CD8α(+) DCs were prepared from C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) bone marrow cells by using a cytokine cocktail. On the 3rd day of culture, CD8α(+) DCs were pulsed by allogeneic (Balb/c, H-2(d)) EL9611 leukemia antigen, or RM-1 syngeneic prostate cancer antigen, with the concentration series of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 μg/mL, respectively, then antigen-loaded immature CD8α(+) DCs were co-cultured with syngeneic T cells according to the DC/T ratio of 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1. T cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Cytokines including interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in CD8α(+) DCs and T co-culture supernatant were detected by using ELISA. Cytotoxic effect of antigen-specific T cells was tested by LDH release assay. Conventional mature DCs (mDCs) induced from C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) bone marrow cells by using granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) served as a control. The results showed that the proliferative activity of T cells stimulated by CD8α(+) DCs loaded with allogeneic or syngeneic tumor antigen was augmented with the CD8α(+) DC/T ratio increased (P<0.05). When antigen concentration ≤ 5 μg/mL and CD8α(+) DC/T ratio ≤ 2:1, the ability of CD8α(+) DCs to stimulate T cell proliferation was higher than mDC control in allogeneic tumor antigen-pulsed groups (P<0.05), but not in syngeneic tumor antigen-pulsed groups (P>0.05). The level of IFN-γ and IL-10 in CD8α(+) DCs and T cell co-culture supernatant were increased in both allogeneic and syngeneic antigen-pulsed groups (P<0.05), and the cytokine level was higher in allogeneic antigen-pulsed groups than in syngeneic antigen groups when the CD8α(+) DC/T was 1:1 or 2:1 (P<0.05). There existed a negative correlation between the level of IL-10 and T cell proliferation. T cell cytotoxicity assay showed that when CD8α(+) DCs were pulsed with allogeneic tumor antigen, the maximal T cell killing efficiency could reach (100±7.7)%, whereas syngeneic tumor antigen-pulsed group had only (65.0±3.4)%. It was concluded that syngeneic and allogeneic tumor antigen-pulsed immature CD8α(+) DCs could stimulate T cells to exert the GVT effect in vitro, and the GVT effect was more obvious with allogeneic tumor antigen than with syngeneic tumor antigen. The optimal condition was low allogeneic tumor antigen pulsation (≤ 5 μg/mL) and low CD8α(+) DC/T ratio (1:1 and 2:1).

The graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect of T cells induced by tumor antigen-pulsed CD8α+dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro was investigated in this study.Immature CD8α+ DCs were prepared from C57BL/6 (H-2b) bone marrow cells by using a cytokine cocktail.On the 3rd day of culture,CD8α- DCs were pulsed by allogeneic (Balb/c,H-2d) EL9611 leukemia antigen,or RM-1 syngeneic prostate cancer antigen,with the concentration series of 0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0 μg/mL,respectively,then antigen-loaded immature CD8α+ DCs were co-cultured with syngeneic T cells according to the DC/T ratio of 1∶1,2∶1and 4∶1.T cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Cytokines including interferon gamma (IFN-γ)and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in CD8α+ DCs and T co-culture supernatant were detected by using ELISA.Cytotoxic effect of antigen-specific T cells was tested by LDH release assay.Conventional mature DCs　(mDCs) induced from C57BL/6 (H-2b) bone marrow cells by using granulocyte-macrophage colony　stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) served as a control.The results showed that the　proliferative activity of T cells stimulated by CD8α+ DCs loaded with allogeneic or syngeneic tumor antigen was augmented with the CD8α+ DC/T ratio increased (P＜0.05).When antigen concentration ≤ 5μg/mL and CD8α+ DC/T ratio ≤ 2∶1,the ability of CD8α+ DCs to stimulate T cell proliferation was　higher than mDC control in allogeneic tumor antigen-pulsed groups (P＜0.05),but not in syngeneic tumor antigen-pulsed groups (P＞0.05).The level of IFN-γ and IL-10 in CD8α+DCs and T cell co-culture　supernatant were increased in both allogeneic and syngeneic antigen-pulsed groups (P＜0.05),and the　cytokine level was higher in allogeneic antigen-pulsed groups than in syngeneic antigen groups when　the CD8α+DC/T was 1∶1 or 2∶1 (P＜0.05).There existed a negative correlation between the level of　IL-10 and T cell proliferation.T cell cytotoxicity assay showed that when CD8α+ DCs were pulsed with　allogeneic tumor antigen,the maximal T cell killing efficiency could reach (100±7.7)％,whereas syngeneic tumor antigen-pulsed group had only (65.0±3.4)％.It was concluded that syngeneic and allogeneic tumor antigen-pulsed immature CD8α+ DCs could stimulate T cells to exert the GVT effect in vitro,and the GVT effect was more obvious with allogeneic tumor antigen than with syngeneic tumor antigen.The optimal condition was low allogeneic tumor antigen pulsation (≤ 5 μg/mL) and low CD8α+ DC/T　ratio (1∶1 and 2∶1).