The concentrations of CuZn-SOD and malondialdehyde (MDA) in in-flowingand out-going pulmonary blood(IPB, OPB) were observed dynamically during intestinal ischemic-reperfusion in rabbits. The results showed that in normal subjects the content of SOD of OPB was higher than IPB, P

Endotoxin of in-and out-flowing pulmonary blood (IPB ,OPB) was measured by limulus chromogenic test in rabbits; Clearance of ~(51)Cr-E. coli endotoxin by lung was measured by a double indicator dilution method in rabbits; 12 and 24 hour's mortality rates was observed after E. coli endotoxin (1?g/100g b. w.) was infused through vein (ⅳ)and aorta (av)into the lead-sensitized rats. The endotoxin level of IPB (44.45?31.73 pg/ml plasma, n=13) was significantly higher than that of OPB (19.23?17.85 pg/ml plasma, n=13)in normal rabbits, (P

Gold nanochannels were prepared using Al2 O3 nanotubules membrane as the carrier and modified with chitosan by a classical N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethyl carbodiimide ( EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide ( NHS ) coupling reaction. The nanochannels were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) , cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance method. The Au nanochannels modified with chitosan showed a chiral environment and can be used to separate histidine enantiomer. The effects of pore size and solution pH on the separation efficiency of histidine were investigated. To increase the detection sensitivity of D-, L-histidine, Ag nanoparticles were used to enhance the surface enhanced Raman scattering ( SERS) activity. The results showed that the chitosan-modified gold nanochannels can be used to separate chiral histidine based on this unique selective nanochannel membrane. L-Histidine and D-histidine were respectively detected by SERS at wavelengths of 1000 and 1590 cm-1 . The results showed that L-histidine and D-histidine were separated well in the mixture containing 200 μL of histidine, 100 μL of colloidal Ag and 100 μL of 80 mmol/L NaCl ( pH=7 . 59 ) with a separation efficiency of 4 . 91 .

AIM: To study the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophile(PMN) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the protective effect of interleukin - 10(IL - 10) on ALI. METHODS: LPS alone (100 ?g) or LPS+ IL-10 (l ug) was instilled intratracheally into rats. PMN numbers, protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. Histological change of lung was also observed. RESULTS: LPS increased significantly PMN numbers, protein content and MDA content in BALF. Histological finding shows PMN accumulation in lung. IL - 10+LPS reduced remarkably PMN numbers ,pro- tein content and MDA content in BALF than those caused by LPS. PMN decreasing was also identified by light microscopy. CONCLUSION: LPS instilled intratracheally causes PMN accumulation in lung and ALI, while IL - 10 could alleviate ALI through reducing PMN accumulation.

AIM: To investigate the urinary protein (UP) excretion in rats suffering from renal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) and effect of nitric oxide on it. METHODS: SD rats were used to establish the renal I-R model. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), N ?-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and aminoguanidine (AG) were used to determine the effect of nitric oxide on UP excretion under renal I-R. Quantitative analysis of UP was made by chromatometry. UP species were separated by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS: Renal I-R caused significant increase in UP ( P

AIM: To study the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung of pulmonary fibrosis and its relationship with fibrosis. METHODS: The changes of amount of iNOS positive stain cells and type Ⅰ?Ⅲ collagen were examined on the day 7, 14 and 30 after intratracheal administration of bleomycin A_5. The contents of NO-_2/NO-_3 (nitrite/nitrate) in out-flowing pulmonary blood (OPB), hydroxyproline in lung and the histological changes were detected after iNOS was blocked by aminoguanidine (AG). RESULTS: (1) The number of iNOS-positive stain cells increased significantly in BLMA_5 7 d, 14 d and 30 d groups compared with that in control group (P

AIM: To observe the changes in proliferation and apoptosis of macrophages in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. METHODS: The number of macrophages, apoptotic cells, the proliferation index (PI) and MTT activity of macrophages were assayed on the day 14 and the day 30 after intratracheal adminstration BLMA_5 in rats.RESULTS: (1) The number of alveolar macrophages was increased in BLMA_5 14 d group and in BLMA_5 30 d group, compared with sham 14 d group and sham 30 d group, respectively. The number of macrophages in BLMA_5 14 d group was higher than that in BLMA_5 30 d group. (2) The PI of macrophages increased in BLMA_5 14 d group, and decreased in BLMA_5 30 d group. (3) The number of apoptotic cells increased both in BLMA_5 14 d group and BLMA_5 30 d group.The number of apoptotic cells in BLMA_5 14 d group was lower than that in BLMA_5 30 d group. (4) The MTT activity of macrophages was higher in BLMA_5 14 d group and in BLMA_5 30 d group than that in sham 14 d group and sham 30 d group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of proliferation increased at first, and then decreased, but the apoptosis of macrophages increased all the time, in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. This might be partly contributed to the changes of the number and function of macrophages in lung.

The purpose of this research work is to study the influence of experimentally produced pain on the uhrastructural changes of the nerve endings of the neurosecretory fibers from hypothalamus to neurohypophysis.Twenty adult male rats, weighing 200～300 g were divided into 3 groups: (1) Six animals were stimulated through two electrodes fixed on the tail to produce somatic pain. (2) Six animals were stimulated by increasing pressure in the stomach through an air balloon to cause visceral pain. And 8 animals served as control.All the animals were sacrificed and their neurohypophysis were fixed in 40％ glutaraldehyde and 1％ OsO_4 successively. Sections were cut with an LKB microtome and observed under H500 electron microscope.The following conclusions were drawn from the observed results:1. The neurosecretory granules in the fibers from hypothalamus to neurohypophysis grew up to maturity by increasing in size gradually as they passing down from hypothalamus to neurohypophysis.2. Basing on the morphological exhibition of the neurosecretory granules, we get the impression that the neurosecretion might be released either by molecular dispersion or by exocytosis.3. There were a great number of discrete smooth vesicles grouped in cluster in the dilated parts of neurosecretory fibers. These vesicles had been called as "synaptic" or "synaptoid" vesicles. They might be really synaptic vesicles and containing acetylcholine. Other vesicles with irregular profile and varying in size, collapsing vesicles and vacuoles might be the residues of the neurosecretory granules after discharging their content.4. Many synaptic vesicles were concentrated at the axolemma of the dilated parts of neurosecretory fibers and the membranes were thickened and leaving a synaptic cleft.5. In the exprimental groups after pain stimulation the neurosecretory granules decreased in number and the synaptoid vesicles increased in number and the neurosecretory granules showed a wide pale halo. The number of irregular vesicles and ghost of granules were increased. This phenomenon might show that the excretion of neurosecretory material and neurotransmitters was enhanced.6. Neurohemal zones were the barrier for the neurosecretory material entering into blood. Acetylcholine, endogenous opiatelike substances and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) might play a control role for neurosecretion at this site.7. This experimental results supported the action mechanism of endogenous opaitelike substance and morphine could produce an important role directly in neurohypophysis.

AIM: To investigate the effects of nitric oxide on ultrastructure and anionic sites of glomerular in renal ischemia reperfusion injured(I-RI) rats.METHODS: Animals were divided randomly into five groups:(1) sham group(n=6);(2) I-RI group(n=6),0.3 mL normal saline was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia;(3) SNP+I-RI group(n=6),2.5 ?g/kg sodium nitroprusside(SNP) was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia;(4) AG+I-RI group(n=6),10 mg/kg aminoguanidine(AG) was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia;(5) L-NNA+I-RI group(n=6),10 mg/kg N~?-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA) was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia.Anionic sites of glomerular were studied with a cationic probe-polyethyleneimine(PEI) and ultrastructure was observed under electron microscope in renal I-RI rats.RESULTS:(1) Ultrastructure of glomerular was normal and anionic sites(AS) was located clearly in lamina rare externa of GBM in sham rats.The PEI particles arranged regularly in line(19.3?1.7/(1 000 nm)) under electronic microscope.Obvious foot processes derangement and effacement were observed and the AS number in GBM of I-RI group was fewer(16.6?1.0/(1 000 nm),P0.05).CONCLUSION: Foot process effacement and reduction of anionic sites were present in glomerular filtration membrane in renal I-RI rats.NO aggravated those injuries,indicating that NO plays a role in the ultrastructure damages of glomerular filtration membrane in I-RI rats.

Twenty adult male rats, weighing 200～300 g were divided into 3 groups: (1) Six. animals were stimulated through two electrodes fixed on the tail to produce somatic pain.(2) Six animals were stimulated by increasing pressure in the stomach through an air balloon to cause visceral pain. And 8 animals served as control.All the animals were sacrificed and their neurohypophysis were fixed in 4％ glutaraldehyde and 1％ OsO_4 successively. Their section were cut with an LKB microtome and observed under H 500 electron microscope.The experimental results summarized as follows:1. The bodies of pituicytes under the pain stimulation were hypertrophied. The rough endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes and mitochondria were increased. The Golgi complex was well developed. There were numerous elliptical vesicles appearing in the cytoplasm of pituicytes.2. The number of large lipid masses was increased while the processes of pituicytes engulfed the degenerative neurosecretory terminal into them and the pituicyte digted it finally.3. Neurosecretory granules were decreased but the synaptic small vesicles were increased in the dilated parts of neurosecretory fibers after the pain stimulation.4. The continuous network of perivascular space and interstitial space between the dilated parts of neurosecretory fibers were widened.