To study the effect of exercise on cardiac calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) using immunnohistochemistry and the technique of computer image analysis, the expression and mechanism of cardiac CGRP on the animal model trained with different exercise intensities were investigated. The result showed that long-term low intensity of exercise was not able to induce obvious change in cardiac CGRP. After long-term moderate intensity of exercise, the expression of cardiac CGRP increased so as to improve blood supply and protect myocardium. Long-term high intensity of exercise decreased expression of cardiac CGRP and weakened the protection of myocardium which could be a chief cause of myocardial ischemia.

Objective The goal of this study was to explore the effect of exercise preconditioning on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)in the dorsal root ganglion of rats.Methods Fifty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C) and exercise preconditioning group(EP).Group EP performed intervial treadmill exercise for 3 weeks for establishing exercise preconditioning animal model.The expression of CGRP mRNA in dorsal root ganglion was investigated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The immunoreaetion of CGRP in dorsal root ganglion was shown by immunohistochemistry.Results There was no significant difference in the expression of CGRP mR.NA in two groups(P>0.05).As compared with the group C,the immunoreaction of CGRP was increased in group EP,and the positive area and mean optical density of CGRP immunoreaction in group PE were significant higher than that in group C(P<0.05).Conclusion Exercise preconditioning does not change the expression of CGRP mRNA in dorsal root ganglion,but enhances the expression of CGRP in dorsal root ganglion to promote the reserve and release of CGRP in peripheral nerve endings and has the same endogenous protection as ischemie preconditioning.

Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are some of the final product which are released into the blood during the process of bone resorption or bone formation.Accumulative evidence shows that biochemical markers of bone metabolism through enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) are more sensitive and specific than imaging examination.Moreover,biochemical markers of bone metabolism also display their superiorities on the early diagonosis,monitoring efficacy and prognosis evaluation in patients with bone metastases.Applications of biochemical markers of bone metabolism combined with imaging examination are more value for the early diagonosis,monitoring efficacy and prognosis evaluation in patients with bone metastases.

Hypoxia is an inherent feature of the majority of solid tumors,which can increase the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy,promote tumor angiogenesis and lead to poor prognosis.Therefore,targeting the hypoxic tumor cells has become a spot in cancer therapy.Bioreduction drugs can be activated by a specific reduction to become cytotoxic metabolites,thus killing hypoxic tumor cells,while small molecular targeting inhibitors can selectively act on the key point of hypoxia pathway.They have paved a new way for hypoxia targeted therapy.

FGFR2 plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation and FGFR2 gene has its own genetic polymorphism. It has recently been demonstrated that this genetic polymorphism is associated with risk of development of breast cancer and clinically pathological factors

Objective To study the effects of uhrashortwave and low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in fracture healing. Methods Fifty-six New Zeal-and rabbits with artificial fractures were randomly divided into 4 groups:a control group,an ultrashortwave group,a low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field group and an ultrashortwave combined with low frequency pulsed electro-magnetic field group(combined group),with 14 in each group.Radiographic evaluation of callus formation and frac-ture healing,pathohistological examination and detection of VEGF expression through immunohistochemical staining were performed at the 1 st,2nd,4th and 6th week after the operation. Results Radiographic examination showed that there was significantly greater callus formation in the combined group than in the other groups throughout the healing process. Pathohistological examination also revealed significantly more cartilage islets and callus formation in the combined group.At the 1 st,2nd and 4th week after the operation,VEGF positive indexes in the combined group were significantly higher than in the other groups. Conclusion Uhrashortwave combined with low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field exposure can up-regulate the expression of VEGF and thus can accelerate fracture healing.

Bone-modifying agents (BMA) is a series drugs to alleviate the pain,pathological fractures,spinal cord compression,hypercalcemia,bone-related events which induced by bone metastases.Bisphosphonate drugs and denosumab are two dominant kinds of BMA at present.It has been proved that BMA is used in bone metastases patients with bone destruction,as adjuvant therapy for chemotherapy and radiotherapy,which can significantly improve the efficacy and prolong the survival of patients.In addition,some traditional Chinese medcine can effectively relieve a series of related symptoms caused by bone metastases and improve prognosis.Choosing right medication in clinical work can maximize the reduction of pain caused by bonerelated events and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of three different staging system based on positive lymph nodes,lymph node ratio and log odds of positive lymph nodes in breast carcinoma.Methods In 472 breast carcinoma patients,survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Merier and COX regression model,the hazard ratio (HR) of the three staging system were compared.Results When more than 10 lymph nodes were dissected in the operation,there was statistical differences in survival among the staging systems based on lymph node ratio and log odds of positive lymph nodes (P ＜ 0.05),while the prognosis was highly homologous between the staging systems based on positive lymph nodes in stage N0 and N1.Univariate analysis showed age,tumor size,Her2 status,estrogen receptor status and the total lymph nodes dissected were related to overall survival (all P ＜ 0.05).COX multivariate analysis showed that the staging system based on lymph node ratio (5.495) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (4.662) had the higher HR than the N staging system (2.722).Conclusions Compared with the number of involved lymph nodes,the staging system based on lymph node ratio and log odds of positive lymph nodes were superior to the staging system based on positive lymph nodes for prognostic assessment of breast carcinoma.

Hematoma growth is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of htracerebral hemorrhage.It is very common in the acute stage of intracerebral hemorrhage.There are many uncertainties about the definition,mechanisms,and influential factors of hematoma growth,and the effective therapy is lacking,therefore,early prevention and identification are critical.

The lymphatic metastasis affects prognosis and survival of colorectal cancer seriously,and lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in the lymphatic metastasis. Many factors such as COX-2 and MMP-7 which are found in many researches recently can promote the expression of VEGF-C which can promote the lym-phangiogenesis by connecting with its receptor and activating the relevant signal pathway. At present,as these related factors of lymphangiogenesis are found in colorectal cancer,the process of lymphangiogenesis in colorec-tal cancer becomes more clear,but the exact mechanism of these factors needs to be researched in future.