Objective To find out and compare the risk factors of the severe birth defects and mild birth defects,and make it more effective to prevent the severe birth defects.Methods Fetus diagnosed with severe birth defects in Shunde district,Foshan during 2016 were selected as case group 1,those who diagnosed with moderate/mild birth defects were selected as case group 2,and those healthy infants whose mother's last menstrual period was at the same time with the case groups were selected as control group.Their mothers' relative information was collected.A case-control study was conducted to analyze the risk factors of the two case groups respectively.We applied Chi-square analysis and multivariate Logistic regressions to find out the independent risk factors.Results Chi-square analysis showed that maternal age above 35 years(χ2=19.69,P<0.01) and gravidity 3 times or more(χ2=10.06,P<0.01) were the risk factors of severe birth defects,and twins was the risk factor of mild birth defects(χ2=4.05,P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regressions showed that maternal age above 35 years was the independent risk factor of severe birth defects(OR=2.75,P<0.001),and twins was the independent risk factor of mild birth defects(OR=2.22,P=0.05).Conclusion The women with age above 35 years have higher risk to pregnant a baby with severe birth defects and they are worthy of more attention during pre-pregnancy and antenatal examinations.

OBJECTIVE To save rust remover's cost,reduce the material consuming and ensure the cleaning quality of the instruments by changing the work model.METHODS According to the key factors of the increasing cost of the medical rust remover,adjust the work model properly,that is to say,set up target by know about the problems;confirm the measurement data of the problems;analyze the problems and figure out key minority;make strategy to correct the mistakes;and make the controlling measures to ensure effective implementation.Enforce organization management,and remove the rust collectively and grouply by time,by ration and by certain number of people.RESULTS The rust remover cost had been saved greatly and the cleaning quality had been improved distinctly,the number of scrapped medical instrument had been reduced.Compared with the period before improvement,it had statistic significance on difference(P

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of various packing methods and controlling method toward the hidden wet pack after steam sterilization to ensure the sterilization quality and hygiene safety.METHODS The medical equipment was packed with three types of methods,then unloaded from the steam autoclave after being cooled at different time to observe their heating speed respectively.To choose two types of cotton fabric packaging methods,prolong the heating time,and cool in the steam autoclave for 30 minutes,then observe the heating speed of the inside pack and the dry qualification status after 12 hours respectively.RESULTS The heating speed was the fastest with the medical crinkly paper method;the heating speed of the inside pack didn't have any improvement after prolonging the heating time;the dry qualification rate had distinct difference between the two types of cotton fabric methods after 12 hours(P

OBJECTIVE To explore the two application methods of medical lubricant oil to avoid the high cost and secondary contamination problems.METHODS The spray and immersion methods of lubricant oil to maintain the medical equipment were adopted and compared its bacterial reproducing status after dilution and weekly oil cost.RESULTS The spray method was better than the immersion method,The bacterial reproduction was not found by the oil spray method for over 48 h and the weekly lubricant oil dosage was 200 ml,but in the immersion method the bacterial contamination rate was 100% at the sametime in its dilnted oil and the weekly lubricant oil dogase was 800ml.CONCLUSIONS For the manual method to wash the equipment,spray method can maintain the equipment to avoid the secondary contamination problem and save the lubricant oil dosage and cost.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease.Its invasion and metastasis,recurrence and part of the chemotherapy drug tolerance are currentlv difficulties of treatment.Breast cancer stem cells have the ability of selfrenewal,proliferation and differentiation potential,which may correlate closely with breast cancer recurrence,treatment failure.This assay aims to briefly analyse markers and significance of breast cancer stem cells,and the relationship between the treatment of breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells.

Objective To observe the synthesis of melanin and tyrosinase activity of the cultured normal human melanocytes after treated with baicalin and NB-UVB, and to provide theoretical evidence for study on the new therapy method of vitiligo.Methods The normal human menlanocytes cultured in vitro were divided into control group,different concentrations of baicalin groups,different doses of NB-UVB group and baicalin combined NB-UVB group.The proliferation rate of melanocytes was measured by MTT assay,the level of melanin was tested by NaOH pyrolysis,and the tyrosinase activity was measured by dopa oxidization.Results Compared with control group,the proliferation rates in 10-4 mol·L-1 baicalin group and 30 mJ·cm-2 NB-UVB group had no significant difference(P>0.05 ). Compared with control group, the levels of melanin and tyrosinase activities in baicalin group,NB-UVB group and combined group were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with baicalin group and NB-UVB group,the level of melanin and tyrosinase activity in combined group were increased(P<0.01). Conclusion Baicalin combined with NB-UVB has better promotion effect on melanin synthesis than used alone.

Objective Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE),frequently accompanied by working memory dysfunction,is an important form of adult epilepsy syndrome.Study on neural mechanisms of TLE with working memory dysfunction has important scientific value and clinical significance.Theta oscillations are synchronous activity of the brain in the 4-8 Hz frequency range.It is well recognized that there is a close relationship between the theta oscillations and working memory behavior.TLE patients with working memory dysfunction were taken as the research subjects,and the theta oscillations absence in TLE with working memory behavioral disorder was carried out,which provide the reference for further research into the neural mechanisms of TLE with working memory dysfunction.Methods The 34-channel electroencephalographs (EEGs) were recorded from TLE group (18 TLE patients) and control groups (18 healthy subjects) while subjects were performing visual working memory (delayed matching-tosample) tasks.The EEGs during the 3 s delay period was analyzed as experimental data.Fourier transform was used to assess the EEGs spectrum.The channel with the strongest spectrum was selected as the feature channel.Short-time Fourier transform algosiths was employed to calculate the time-frequency representation of the feature channel for the TLE and control groups.Frequency band with the strongest spectrum was selected for control group as the feature frequency band in working memory.Then,the topographical maps of the feature frequency band spectrum were calculated for the TLE and control groups.Results Compared with the control group,the working memnory behavioral performance of the TLE group was lower:accuracy of the TLE group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05),and reaction time of the TLE group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P＜0.001).The feature channel in working memnory was frontal midline (Fz) and the feature frequency band was theta band.The Fz spectrum of the feature frequency for TLE was lower than that for control (P＜0.05).The frontal spectrum (seven channels) of the feature frequency for TLE was lower than that of control (P＜0.01).Conclusions Theta oscillations for TLE with working memory behavioral disorder is absent,which maybe one of the possible neural mechanism of TLE with working memory dysfunction.

Objective : To investigate the effect of aluminum exposure on expression of miR-497-5p, wingless murine breast cancer virus integration site family member 3a (Wnt3a), β-catenin protein, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) protein and tau protein in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, so as to provide insight into unraveling the mechanisms underlying aluminum exposure-induced abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to Al(mal)3 at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L for 24 h. The viability of PC12 cells was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The relative expression of miR-497-5p and Wnt3a was detected using a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, GSK-3β, P-GSK-3β (Ser9), tau and p-tau (Ser396) proteins were determined using Western blotting. Results : The viability of PC12 cells appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=323.473, P=0.001). RT-qPCR assay detected that the relative miR-497-5p expression appeared a tendency towards a rise with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=14.888, P=0.031), and the relative Wnt3a expression appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=165.934, P<0.001). The miR-497-5p expression negatively correlated with the relative Wnt3a expression (r=-0.693, P=0.012). The expression of Wnt3a (Ftrend=357.656, P=0.001), β-catenin (Ftrend=208.750, P=0.001) and p-GSK-3β (Ser9) proteins (Ftrend=512.583, P<0.001) appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose, and the expression of GSK-3β (Ftrend=39.965, P<0.001), tau (Ftrend=277.929, P=0.006) and p-tau (Ser396) proteins (Ftrend=96.247, P=0.002) appeared a tendency towards a rise with the increase of aluminum dose. Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-497-5p and GSK-3β expression and down-regulation of Wnt3a and β-catenin expression may be a mechanism underlying aluminum exposure-induced abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein.

AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on L-NAME-induced preeclampsia in rats. METHODS: All rats were divided into four groups: control group, model group, ginsenoside Rg1 low dose group (25 mg/kg) and high dose group (50 mg/kg). The rat model of preeclampsia was established by L-NAME induction. In the treatment group, the corresponding dose of ginsenoside Rg1 was given at the 5th day of pregnancy. On the 7th, 13th, 15th, 17th and 19th day, the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and arterial pressure of the experimental rats in each group were examined, and 24-hour urine protein on the 20th day was measured. The experimental rats were killed on the 21st day and tissue samples were collected. The protein of GCM-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry, the activities of SOD and CAT, the levels of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were determined by kit. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NF-κB, IκBα, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and Cyt-c. RESULTS: The results showed that ginsenoside Rg1 could significantly improve the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, arterial pressure and urinary protein (P<0.05), inhibit the expressions of GCM-1, Nrf2, HO-1, Bax, Caspase-3 and Cyt-c protein in placenta (P<0.05), increase the expressions of NF-κB, IκBα and Bcl-2 protein (P<0.05), and significantly promote the activities of SOD and CAT in serum and fetal tissue of model rats. The levels of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were inhibited (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rg1 can significantly improve the blood pressure and urinary protein level of pre-eclampsia pregnant rats, promote the expression of GCM-1 protein in placenta, inhibit oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response, and reduce apoptosis of placenta.

Objective:Use the droplet digital PCR (ddRCR) technology to establish, optimize and evaluate the method of EGFR-T790M mutation detection.Methods:The relevant probes and primers were designed for EGFR-T790M mutations. The ddPCR reaction system was established, the optimal annealing temperature was set and the basic performance of the method was tested. On this basis, from January 2019 to October 2019, 72 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from NSCLC patients were collected from Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, and clinically verified. The consistency of the gene mutation detections with Bole ddPCR products was analyzed using Kappa test.Results:The ddPCR reaction system was established and optimized. Linear evaluation showed the R2 value was greater than 0.99. Using ddPCR, the blank detection limit was determined to be the numbers of mutant droplets≥2, with excellent specificity. For the sensitivity analysis, the lower limit of mutation detection was determined to be at least 0.05%. In the repeatability and inter-assay precision tests, the results had a coefficient of variation( CV)<20%. The relative deviation of the results was within the range of±10% for the accuracy analysis. Using the established T790M mutation detection method, 72 samples from the NSCLC patients were tested for genetic mutation in cfDNA, and the overall agreement with the Bole ddPCR products was 91.67% (66/72, Kappa=0.749; P<0.001). Conclusion:Using ddPCR, the method of EGFR-T790M mutation detection for NSCLC was successfully established.