BACKGROUND:Rehabilitation brace can significantly improve the motor function of patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the types and biocompatibility of brace materials for post-stroke hemiplegia. METHODS: A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI, PubMed databases was performed for articles related to post-stroke hemiplegia and biocompatibility of brace materials published from 1999 to 2015 using the keywords of cerebral apoplexy, hemiplegia, support, material in Chinese and English, respectively. In the same field, the articles published recently or in authoritative journals were preferred. Finaly, 15 articles were enroled in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Thermoplastic orthoses are mainly made of polypropylene materials, which are used for foot drop caused by post-stroke hemiplegia. Polypropylene has high strength and good toughness, and it is also safe and non-toxic. Semi-rigid planta pedis can help the lift of the toe in swing phase. Orthoses made of polymer fiber materials are characterized by ease of use, good toughness, high strength, and good air permeability, which cannot impact X-ray examination. Carbon fiber materials have light mass, high specific strength and modulus, good anti-fatigue performance, good safety performance and good designability. Clinical trials have shown that patients wearing ankle foot orthoses made of polypropylene and carbon fiber materials have improvement in walking distance and speed of climbing stairs, and these patients also feel more balanced and secure. Experimental studies on different orthotics materials can get more patient preferences, which have a great help for the design and development of orthotics materials.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; Genotype ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; genetics ; Yersinia pestis ; classification ; genetics

ObjectiveTo observe the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal insulin injection's effect of the level of oxygen free radicals of type 2 diabetes model.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were chosen as normal control group (C group,n=9).KK mice were randomly divided into intraperitoneal injection of insulin group (i.p.group,n=9),the subcutaneous insulin group (s.c.group,n=9) and untreated group (U group,n =9).The i.p.group and the s.c.groups were given certain amount of insulin (insulin injecta and protamine insulin injecta by volume ratio of 2:1 mixture)for one month,maintained the GLU at normal levels (6±1.5) mmol/L.SOD,GSH-PX activity and MDA content of serum,liver,kidney and heart in each group were detected.Results The liver,kidney,heart and serum's SOD and GSH-PX activity significantly reduced and MDA content significantly increased in the U group.Both kinds of delivery methods could increase serum SOD and GSH-PX activity and reduce the content of MDA to the normal control group level,but the intraperitoneal injection had stronger effect.Two kinds of delivery methods could both reduce the MDA content of liver,and had almost the same effect; but the subcutaneous injection group had better effect on increasing the liver's SOD activity,and the intraperitoneal injection had better effect on increasing liver's GSH-PX activity.Intraperitoneal injection had better effect on reducing kidney' s MDA content and increased SOD activity.Two kinds of delivery methods had the same effect on reducing the heart's MDA content.Conclusion The two delivery methods can both make the MDA levels of KK mice in serum,heart,liver and kidney fall to as normal as that of control group,but the two delivery methods have different ways of improving the antioxidant capacity in different organs.Intraperitoneal injection can reduce MDA content in serum and kidney better.

Objective To observe the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activiting polypeptide (PACAP) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and on tbeCD4+/CD8+ T cell number in blood and spleen of rats.MethodsThe male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group ( n =6),normal saline + TBI group ( n =6) and PACAP + TBI group ( n =6).Right parietal cortical contusion was produced by a weight-dropping method.PACAP was administered intra-cerebroventricularly in a dose of 1 μg/5 μl 20 min before TBI.Brain tissue samples were taken 24 h after trauma.The injured brain tissue of rats was examined by HE stain.The numbers of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood and spleen were deteced with flow cytometry.Results Edema,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration,swollen,degenerated neurons and neurons arrayed disorderly around the injured cortex in hippocampus were found under light microscope.The average numbers of CD4 + T lymphocytes counts in blood and spleen were lower ( P =0.000,P =0.005 ),and number of CD8 + T lymphocytes was higher ( P =0.01 ) in TBI rats group than those in the sham operation group.Micro-injection of PACAP into cerebroventricular attenuated the injury,significantly increased the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes in blood and spleen ( P =0.019,P =0.839),and decreased the number of CD8 + T lymphocytes.ConclusionsPretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI via influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

Objective To investigate the potential association between 163A/G and 950T/C polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin(OPG)gene and severe pre-eclampsia.Methods Eighty-five severe preeclamptic patients and 81 normal term pregnant women(as control group)were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University during the period from July 2007 to March 2009,and they were all Han population living in Chengdu,China.Genotype and allele frequencies of 163A/G and 950T/C were determined by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)assay.Clinical and biochemical parameters for different alleles between the patients and controls were compared for statistical significance respectively,such as blood pressure,serum creatinine and 24-hour urine protein.Results The observed and expected genotype counts were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.No significant differences were found in the genotype and allele frequencies of 163A/G and 950T/C polymorphisms between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).However,in the preeclamptic group,serum creatinine was significantly higher in women with the AG + GG genotypes [(76 ±24)μmol/L]compared with AA genotype[(56 ± 18)μmol/L].Reversely,birth weight was lower in the AG + GG genotypes[(2040 ± 721)g]than those in the AA genotype[(2520 ± 810)g],and the P ＜0.05,respectively.In the severe pre-eclampsia,950T/C TT genotype carriers exhibited significantly higher systolic blood pressure[(153 ± 16)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)]and 24-hour urine protein [(4.0±2.5)g]compared with TT + TC carriers[(145 ±17)mm Hg,(2.9±1.8)g],respectively,furthermore the P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions In severe pre-eclampsia,carriers with G allele at position 163A/G has more genetic predisposition than A allele carriers,as well as 950T/C T allele carriers compared with C carriers.Taken together,this study suggested that OPG gene polymorphisms might be associated with some clinical parameters of severe pre-eclampsia.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the enantioselectivity of norgestrel (NG) transdermal permeation and the potential influence of linalool and lipids on the enantioselectivity. In vitro skin permeation studies of NG across the excised rat skins were performed with Valia-Chien diffusion cells, and the permeation samples were analyzed by enantioselective HPLC. The possible enantioselective permeation of NG across intact rat back skin and lipids extracted rat back skin and the influence of linalool were evaluated. The skin permeation rate of dl-NG was two times higher than that of l-NG when donor solutions (EtOH/H2O 2 : 8, v/v) containing l-NG or dl-NG. It may be mainly attributed to the solubility discrepancy between enantiomer and racemate. The enantioselective permeation of dl-NG across intact rat skin was observed when the donor solutions containing dl-linalool. The permeation flux of l-NG was 22% higher than that of d-NG. But interestingly, the enantioselective permeation of dl-NG disappeared under the same experimental condition except that the lipid extracted rat skin was used. Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of stratum corneum showed that the wave number for asymmetric CH2 stretching vibrations of lipids treated with dl-linalool was greater than that of the control. The results indicated that the enantioselective permeation of NG may be contributed by the interaction between dl-linalool and lipids. More than half of lipids were composed of ceramides. The stereospecific interaction maybe existed among chiral enhancer (linalool), lipids (ceramides) and/or chiral drugs (NG).

Objective To investigate the correlation between family cohesion and adaptability and quality of life in patients with enterostomy. Methods Using Chinese version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACESⅡ-CV) and Chinese version of Stoma-Quality of Life (STOMA-QOL-C) to investigate the status of family cohesion and adaptability, family type and their impact on quality of life of 110 patients with enterostomy. Results Scores of family cohesion and adaptability averaged 59.15 ± 11.94, 47.32 ± 9.40,were significantly lower than 63.90 ± 8.00 and 50.90 ± 6.20 in the norm,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.171,-3.990, P<0.01).The family cohesion was positively correlated with the score of quality of life, social interaction and psychological burden(r=0.274, 0.284, 0.263, P<0.05), and the family adaptability was positively correlated with the score of quality of life,social interaction and psychological burden(r=0.316, 0.338, 0.228, P<0.05 or 0.01). The balance type family was 30 cases;scores of quality of life averaged 45.10±7.26, the intermediate type family was 50 cases;scores of quality of life averaged 43.48±9.98, the extreme type family was 28 cases;scores of quality of life averaged 43.37 ± 16.68, and difference between the three was no statistically significant(F=0.442, P=0.665). Conclusions In the nursing process of patients with enterostomy, health care workers should pay attention to improve family cohesion and adaptability, as to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of life of the patients.

Objective To choose a reasonable non-drug treatment program for women with postpartum breast pain. Methods Based on an adequate assessment of the patients′ condition, the clinical questions were proposed and the references were searched in a series of databases, such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu, CBM. Results A preliminary search of 484 articles on cabbage therapy for postpartum breast pain was carried. Through rigorous preliminary screening and screening, 11 articles were finally included, including 2 systematic reviews, 2 randomized controlled trials and 7 quasi-experiment. Through the analysis of the inclusion literature, the data was extracted, and the evidence and summary evidence were strictly evaluated.According to the results of evidence, based on the patients′ condition and the wishes of the family, the cold and hot cabbage leaves were alternately applied to the breast of 10 postpartum women with breast engorgement, the breast distended pain were improved. Conclusions The method of evidence-based nursing can provide safe and effective treatment for postpartum women with breast engorgement.

Objective: To explore the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, 22 628 middle school students from Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Bengbu of Anhui Province, Xinxiang of Henan Province, Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing Municipality, and Yangjiang of Guangdong Province were enrolled by using the multi-stage cluster convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic information, health literacy, second-hand smoke exposure, and psychopathological symptoms. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Results: The age of students was (15.36±1.79) years old, of which 10 990 were boys, accounting for 48.6% of total students. The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms in those who were exposed to second-hand smoke was 38.1% (2 401/6 304), which was higher than that in the non-second-hand smoke exposure group [25.6% (4 180/16 324)] (P<0.001). The OR (95%CI) of the interaction between medium and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure was 1.19 (1.15-1.24), 2.00 (1.92-2.10) and 1.59 (1.52-1.66), respectively. Conclusion There was a positive interaction between middle and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students.

TCM experimental teaching has a very important position in university training process, in which the laboratory standardized management and the strengthening of the teaching quality monitoring play important roles. According to the the experimental teaching reforms and requirements enacted in recent years by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hunan TCM University has conducted a series of standardized management of exploration and practice in the laboratory.