ObjectiveTo investigate influence on adults'visual function and fluid intelligence with N-back working memory training based on Gabor signal.MethodsControlling group including 13 adults had no training,training group including 14 adults received an eight-days training,half an hour a day.The stimulus was N-back training which has on improved Gabor signal with adjustable spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity.The contrast sensitivity and fluid intelligence were record using OPTEC 6500 and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices before and after training,then the data was analyzed and processed by SPSS.ResultsContrast sensitivity:there was a siguificant different of the contrast sensitivity between pretest and posttest ( ( 1.93 ± 0.17 ) log,( 1.76 ±0.20 ) log) in training group ( t =-4.579,P =0.001 ).Fluid intelligence:there was a significant different of fluid intelligence between pretest and posttest( ( 129.9 ± 9.0 ) scores,( 113.7 4-16.0 ) scores ) in training group ( t =-4.373,P =0.001 ),and superior to controlling group,which also had a statistical significance (F =1.353,P =0.004).ConclusionThe method of N-back working memory training based on Gabor signal not only enhances working memory and fluid intelligence,but also improves the visual function effectively,and more various effect is acquired comparing to traditional training method.

Objective To evaluate the effect of applying emergency care simulator (ECS)on cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill training. Methods Clinical doctors and nurses(n=1 472)received the skill training of unarmed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR),electric defibrillation and tracheal intubation by using simple CPR simulator (n=667)or ECS (n=805)respectively. After training,the examination was carried out and questionnaires were handed out. The completion time of operations, the scores and pass rates of examinations,the evaluations of training methods were compared between the two groups. The statistical data were analyzed by t(t')-test or Chi-square test with SPSS 19.0 and P <0.05 was considered as the criterion of significance. Results Compared with those of group using simple CPR simulator,the group using ECS showed obviously shortened completion time((309±125)s vs. (242±61)s,t'=12.65,P=0.00;(87±36)s vs. (55±31)s,t'=20.28,P=0.00;(239±87)s vs. (145±53),t'=24.4,P=0.00),significantly increased scores ((83.5±14.8)vs. (90.2±17.6), t'=7.93,P=0.00;(84.7±19.3)vs. (92.1±21.5),t'=6.95,P=0.00;(81.6±15.3)vs. (89.6±13.5), t'=10.53,P=0.00)and pass rates of examinations (84.1%(561/667)vs. 92.5%(745/805),χ2=25.96, P<0.01;82.2%(548/667)vs. 91.2%(734/805),χ2=26.41,P<0.01;80.8%(539/667)vs. 91.4%(736/805),χ2=35.48,P<0.01)as well as higher evaluation of training methods. Conclusions Application of ECS can obviously improve the training effect of CPR and it can be widely popularized in the edu-cation and training of emergency medicine skills.

Objective To establish a mouse model of lymph node metastasis of breast cancer cells by luciferase imaging assay,to monitor early process of lymph node metastasis,and to evaluate the effect of X-ray radiation therapy on tumor.Methods The mouse mammary cancer cell line 4T1-Luc expressing luciferase was inoculated subcutaneously into the paw pad of nude mice to establish a model of subcutaneous lymph node metastasis.The lymph node metastasis in nude mice was continuously observed by in vivo fluorescence imaging system,and the nude mice with early lymph node metastasis of breast cancer cells were divided into control group and treatment group randomly.The radiotherapy effect was observed by in vivo fluorescence imaging system and evaluated by the pathological changes of HE staining of tumor tissue.Results A mouse lymph node metastasis model of breast cancer cells was successfully established,and the volume of primary tumor in paw correlated with the fluorescence photon number positively (r =0.958,P ＜ 0.001).On the twenty-fourth day after inoculation,the fluorescence photon number in pad tumor and popliteal fossa tumor of treatment group were significantly decreased in comparison with the control group (t =32.58,P ＜ 0.05),and the inhibition ratio of radiotherapy on tumor growth approached to 85 ％.HE staining showed that the apoptosis and necrosis in irradiated tumor was obviously higher than that in control group.Conclusions Bioluminescence imaging technique can be used to evaluate the effect of X-ray on breast cancer suppression and lymph node metastasis in mice.

Objective To investigate the effects of human amniotic membrane on the survival of the crossboundary perforator flap in rats through distal subcutaneous implantation.Methods From February,2016 to December,2016,38 SD rats weighing 270-300 g were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (n=19).A three-territory perforator flap (3 cm× 10 cm) with the iliac artery as the pedicel elevated on the right dorsum of the rats.Experiment group,a section of amnion was sutured to the distal subcutaneous of the flap and then the flap was sutured back to its donor site.Control group,after the flap elevated,directly sutured back to its donor site.The blood flow of the pedicel were detected by laser Doppler flowmetry at the day before surgery,1 day after surgery,3 and 7 days after surgery,with 3 rats in every group.When the rats were anesthetized,biopsies were taken from the choke area Ⅱ at the day before surgery,3 and 7 days after surgery,with 9 rats in every group.When the rats were anesthetized,HE was used to compare the diameter size of the artery and vein at the same site.At day 7,measure the survival area of the flap,and 3 of them observe the vessel of the flap by lead oxide-gelatine technique.Results The survival rate of the experimental group and the control group after 7 days were (89.09±4.23)％ and (74.56-±5.59)％ respectively,the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=5.48,P=0.00).X-ray showed that 7 days after operation,the pedicel of iliac artery in the experimental group was bigger than that in the control group.The blood flow detection showed that the blood flow of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (t=2.39,3.06;P=0.03,0.00,respectively) at day 1 and day 3 after surgery.Hematoxylin eosin staining showed that arteriovenous tube diameter at the Choke Ⅱ were gradually increased on the day3 and day7 after surgery in both group,but the experimental group diameter expanded multiple was higher than that of control group (t=3.52,3.50;P=0.02,0.02,respectively).Conclusion Human Amnion subcutaneous embedding may improve the blood flow of the vascular pedicle,expand the microvascular at Choke area Ⅱ,improve microcirculation,as a result to promote the survival of cross perforator flap,while the mechanism is needed to understanding.

Objective:To investigate mechanism of imatinib mesylate induced apoptosis of primary CD3+T cells.Methods:The CD3+T cells were stimulated by 0-100 nmol/L imatinib for 24 h,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry;Caspase-3,Caspase-8, A20 and NF-κB expression levels were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot.Results: IM significantly increased apoptosis of T cell;Caspase-3 and A20 gene expression levels were upregulated and NF-κB expression level was downregulated both in gene and protein levels.Conclusion:IM increased apoptosis of T cell by upregulating A20 expression.

The technology of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(MRS) is a newly-developed mean for analyzing some specific nucleus and their compounds making use of the principles of magnetic resonance and the effects of chemical shift. Currently, among MRS applications, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) is the most widely applied one developed from single voxel to three-dimensional multi-voxel scanning technique. It provides a lot of important information for clinical studies. This article mainly reviews the methods for absolute quantification measurement of brain metabolites using multi-voxel MRS.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) complicated with left heart failure. Methods Patients with medical history of AECOPD, or are diagnosed as AECOPD from March 2014 to February 2015 were involved in the study. Based on echocardiography and clinic characteristics , the patients were divided into left heart failure group (group A) and non-left heart failure group (group B). Related factors of elevated NT-proBNP in AECOPD and the diagnostic value of NT-proBNP for patients with AECOPD complicated with left heart failure were analyzed , and exclusive and diagnostic cutoff were worked out. Results In this study , 109 AECOPD patients were collected , including 21 patients in group A and 88 patients in group B. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated NT-proBNP was positively associated with PCT (β=0.180,P = 0.011) and PAP(β = 0.333,P = 0.000), and negatively with LVEF(β = -0.511,P = 0.000)and the area under the ROC curve(AUC) was 0.959 (95% confidence interval:0.915-1.002,P = 0.000). The exclusive cutoff was 794.6 pg/mL(sensitivity:90.5%,specificity:92%), and the diagnostic cutoff 1 618 pg/mL(sensitivity:85.7%,specificity: 97.7%). Conclusions NT-proBNP can help to diagnose whether AECPOD patients are complicated with left heart failure. Besides left heart dysfunction and the state of systemic inflammation , pulmonary hypertension may be the reasons for the elevated NT-proBNP in AECOPD patients.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVEThis study aims to explore the molecular mechanism and expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and tumor marker CD44 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells after transfection withβ-Catenin when the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was blocked.METHODSSP cells and CD44+SP cells isolated from the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 by flow cytometry were identified. Changes in the number and biological characteristics of CNE-2 and CD44+SP cells in vitro were investigated after the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was blocked through siRNA.RESULTSSP cells accounted for 2.3% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells, andCD44+SP cells accounted for 36.5% of the SP cells. CD44+SP cells showed significantly higher in vitro proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy (P<0.05). After transfection withβ-Catenin siRNA, the proliferation, cloning efficiency, and tolerance to chemotherapeutic drugs of the cells were found statistical differences compared with those before transfection ofβ-Catenin siRNA. CONCLUSIONWnt/β-catenin signaling pathway abnormalities are closely related to the biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinomaCD44+SP cells. Interference of this pathway can change the characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells.

Objective To detect radiation-induced changes of temporal lobe normal-appearing white matter on conventional MRI following radiation therapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods The clinical and imaging features of 75 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed,all patients were confirmed by biopsy.All patients performed conventional MRI and Diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) examinations,and there was no abnormal finding on conventional MRI.Eighteen patients without radiotherapy were selected as the control group and fifty-seven patients with radiotherapy were as the experimental group.We divided the experimental group into five subgroups based on completion time of RT:group 1 (less than 3 months,n =16),group 2 (3 to 6 months,n =12),group 3 (6 to 9 months; n =10),group 4 (9 to12 months,n =8),and group 5 ( more than 12 months,n =11 ).The mean diffusivity ( MD),apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC ),fractional anisotropy ( FA),radial diffusivity ( λ⊥ ) and axial diffusivity ( k ‖ ) were calculated in bilateral temporal lobe.One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) test was used for comparison among groups.Results The mean λ⊥ values of the control group and experimental groups ( group1-5 ) after radiotherapy were ( 6.075 ± 0.341 ) × 10 -4 (6.700±0.379) × 10-4,(6.976 ±0.527) ×10-4,(6.621 ±0.388) ×10-4,(6.751 ±0.460) ×10-4,(6.222 ±0.256) × 10-4 mm2/s,respectively.The mean λ ‖ values of the control group and experimental groups were (12.524±0.713) ×10-4,(11.764 ±0.574) ×l0-4,(11.842±0.471) ×10-4,(11.569 ± 0.552) × 10-4,( 12.050 ±0.614) × 10-4,( 12.100 ±0.529) × 10-4 mm2/s,respectively.The mean FA values of the control group and experimental groups were 0.452 ± 0.030,0.379 ± 0.028,0.382 ± 0.028,0.389 ± 0.032,0.388 ± 0.022,0.423 ± 0.232,respectively.The three indicators were significantly different among groups ( F =10.485,4.625,16.539,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ). Multiple comparisons showed that λ⊥ increased significantly in group 1-4 compared with that in the control group.In group 5,λ ⊥ was not significantly different from that in the control group,λ ‖ decreased in group 1-3 compared with that in the control group,but was not significantly different in the control group and group 4-5. In all experimental groups,FA decreased significantly. MD and ADC values in experimental groups were not significantly different from those in the control group. Conclusion Diffusion tensor imaging is a noninvasive and quantitative method to detect the structural changes in WM after RT and can provide scientific evidence for the early diagnosis and intervention treatment of radiation-induced changes.

ObjectiveTo study the synergistic effect of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and to explore their influence on osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs cultures. MethodsMouse BMSCs were cultured in phenol red-free α-MEM containing osteogenic supplements (OS) for inducing osteogenic differentiation. The temporal sequence of osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs cultures was assayed by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and calcium deposition gene expression. The activation of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 was detected by western blotting using phospho-specific MAP kinase antibody. BMSCs were treated with the inhibitor of p38MAPK pathway(SB203580) or ERK1/2 pathway (PD98059), and osteogenic differentiation was measured. BMSCs were treated with SB203580 or sodium arsenite(ARS), a strong activator of p38MAPK, and the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 was measured. BMSCs were treated with PP2A inhibitor, Okadaic acid(OA), the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and osteogenic differentiation were measured. lmmunoprecipitation was used to test the binding interaction between PP2A and ERK1/2, and the effect of SB203580 on the interaction. ResultsTreatment of BMSCs with osteogenic supplements resulted in activation of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 that coincided with osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of p38MAPK activation by SB203580, blocked the osteogenic differentiation, whereas inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by PD98059, enhanced the osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.SB203580 treatment resulted in increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. By contrast, ARS treatment resulted in decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PP2A by OA resulted in increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. OS-induced osteogenic differentiation was also attenuated by PP2A inhibition. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the association of PP2A with ERK1/2 in BMSCs cultures, which was decreased by SB203580 treatment. ConclusionThe present study demonstrates a synergistic effect between p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways via PP2A in BMSCs cultures, which may regulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.