Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella since 2008 ,while the vaccine first used in Chongqing .Methods Descriptive epidemiological study was applied to analyze the cases on rubella from 2008 to 2013 ,and the Excel was used for data analysis .Results From 2008 to 2010 ,the rubella incidence rate reported in Chongqing decreased from 18 .97 per 100 000 to 2 .07 per 100 000 ,but it gave a rebounding trend in 2011 to 2012 .The rubella cases mostly affected children of 6 -14 years old and the epidemic peak was from April to June .Although ,the vaccination rate of rubella increased year by year from 2008 to 2013 ,even in 2012 it reached up to 90% ,but the vaccination coverage was low in primary and middle schools .100 epidemic out‐breaks happened ,91% of which happened in primary and middle schools ,accounting for 18 .74% of all reported cases .Conclusion Students in primary and middle school were easily infected with rubella virus ,the vaccination work should be strengthened for fur‐ther control the rubella infection .Secondary immune of Rubella vaccine of 6 or 7 years old children will contribute to control the outbreak of rubella among school‐age children ,and the rubella vaccine should expand its immunization objects .

Kinesin-2 family proteins, including KIF3A, KIF3B, KIF3C and KIF17, are members of the kinesin superfamily motor proteins , which transport various proteins and vesicles in the cell and play diverse biological functions . Recently, studies on members of kinesin-2 family proteins suggest that they play fundamental roles during ciliary transport , whose defects can lead to abnormal cilia development , the major cause of human ciliopathies .In this review , we will sum-marize the functions of this motor protein family during ciliogenesis and focus mainly on their roles in the development of model organisms .

Objective To evaluate the work effect after supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) of Hepatitis B vaccine , thus to find the focal point in future hepatitis B prevention .Methods useing statistical method to analysis the data of investigation from 2004 to 2012 of hepatitis B vaccination rate ,the data of selective SIAs of hepatitis B vaccine and the incidence of hepatitis B . Results With the supporting of GAVI project ,the whole course vaccination rate and the timely first dose rate of hepatitis B were obviously increased(P<0 .01) ,supplementary immunization rate of hepatitis B was increased year by year and the incidence of hep-atitis B among 0-14 years old children decreased at 78 .42/100 ,000 .Conclusion The vaccination rate of hepatitis B shows a high and stable trend in Chongqing ,but we need to form a long term mechanism without project supporting to push forward hepatitis B prevention for the newborn .And on the base of doing good jobs in hepatitis B vaccination for the newborn ,we should also expand the hepatitis b vaccination priority to people over the age of 14 .

Purpose To discuss the clinical,histopathological characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of malignant intraductal papillary lesions of the breast.Methods 28 cases of malignant intraductal papillary lesions of the breast were analyzed by histology and immunobistochemistry.Clinical and follow-up information was obtained.The published relevant literatures were reviewed.Results All the patients were females with a mean age of 55.7 years.The clinical features were a palpable mass or nipple discharge.28 cases were diagnosed including 22 cases of intraductal papaillary carcinoma,2 cases of encapsulated papillary carcinoma and 4 cases of solid papillary carcinoma.Microscopically,the tumor showed solid and papillary area inside the capsule wall with fine delicate fibrovascular septa.The tumor cells usually displayed low-grade nuclear features.Immunohistochemistry,the tumor cells revealed diffusely strong positive ER and PR in almost all cases and HER-2,CK5/6 were negative positive.All cases were negatiive for CK5/6,p63 and SMA in the celluar nodules.CD56,Syn and CgA were found positively in some solid papillary carcinoma cases.The average positive rate of Ki-67 in tumor cells was 5.3 ％.27 patients were available for follow-up examination from 10 to 79 months and all the patients were alive.Conclusion Malignant intraductal papillary lesions of the breast most occurs in postmenopausal women.The diagnosis should be based on the clinical information,histopathological features and immunohistoehemistry stain due to its diverse histology.The main differential diagnosis is intraductal papilloma.This kind of lesion is a low grade malignant tumor with favorable prognosis.

Objective To investigate the immunization knowledge ,attitudes ,practice and requirements of the custodians of left‐behind/non‐left‐behind children in rural areas of Chongqing and to explore intervening measures .Methods Totally 1 441 com‐plete questionnaires were obtained by surveying the custodians of 1 year old left‐behind/non left‐behind children in 3 counties .Im‐munization records were checked to acquire vaccination information .Results Custodians of left‐behind children had poorer educa‐tion ,immunization knowledge and less comply with immunization behaviors than custodians of non‐left‐behind children .Village doc‐tors were essential to immunization work in rural areas .Conclusion We suggest pulling peer education in publicity and education for families with left‐behind children .It is important to mobilize the enthusiasm of village doctors ,and pay more attentions to the immunization work of left‐behind children .