Objective:To explore the safety profile of telmisartan based on the data from the literatures on its adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Methods:The literatures about clinical data of ADRs of telmisartan from 2004 to 2008 in China, collected by the databases of China Hospital Knowledge Database,Wanfang Data and VIP Information,were reviewed. Results:Of 1197 patients receiving telmisartan,95(7.94%) had ADRs involving six systems such as nervous system, cardiovascular system,gastrointestinal system,musculoskeletal system,and so on.The ADR incidences of oral 40 mg?d~(-1) administration and 80 mg?d~(-1) administration were respectively 5.29%(31/586) and 8.96%(42/469) and only 1 case (0.08%) was forced to stop his or her medication due to serious ADRs.Conclusion:Telmisartan was generally safe,and was generally well tolerated for its low incidence of adverse reactions,and therefore,there was no need to interrupt the treatment.The recommendation dose was locked in 40 mg?d~(-1).In clinical application of telmisartan,special attention should be paid to the ADRs of the nervous system and cardiovascular system.It is necessary to closely observe the serumal potassium level and orthostatic hypotension.

Using Li Ka Shing Medical School of Hong Kong University as an example, this paper introduced the medical humanities education in Li Ka Shing Medical School of Hong Kong University from four aspects of the medical humanities curriculum implementation in detail. Secondly, it expounded the relationship between students and art through two typical cases. Finally, this paper pointed out the enlightenment for medical humanities educa-tion in Medical Schools. For curriculum, the core curriculum of medical humanities must be determined. For teachers, exchanges and cooperation with foreign mature medical humanities education should be carried out active-ly. For teaching methods, the novelty and diversity must be emphasized.

Objective:To compare the dissolution results of doxazosin mesylate extended release tablets determined by a fiber-optic method and the imported drug registration standard method. Methods:The drug release process was determined directly with a FODT-601 fiber-optic medicine dissolution/ release rate process monitoring system. Aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride was used as the dissolution medium, the paddle rotation rate was 75 r·min-1 , the detection wavelength was set at 246 nm while the reference wavelength was 550 nm. The detection length was 5 mm. Results:The standard curve of doxazosin mesylate was linear within the concentration range of 0. 468 1-11. 700 0μg·ml-1 and r values were greater than 0. 999 0. The intra-and inter-day RSD (n=6) was 1. 6% and 2. 0%, respectively. The recovery of doxazosin mesylate was 99. 0% and RSD was 1. 4(n=9). The results determined by the fiber-optic method were generally higher than those determined by the standard method, and there were some differences in the measurement results. Conclusion:Fiber-optic method shows the whole dissolution process objectively. It is particularly prominent in the research on the dissolution of rapid, extended and controlled release preparations. However, it can not replace the standard method yet.

Objective To analyze clinical distribution and drug resistance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)-producing and non ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli(E.coli) isolated from 2014 to 2015.Methods Collected 4 721 clinical specimens from January 2014 to December 2015,separated and identified by using VITEK 2-Compact automatic microorganism identification and sensitivity analysis system of Biomerieux,France.Results A total of 1 181 E.coli were isolated from 4 721 clinical specimens,the isolation rate was 25.02%,and the isolation rates of 2014 and 2015 were 17.38% and 19.24% respectively.Meanwhile,the isolation rates of ESBLs-producing E.coli from 2014 and 2015 were 44.46% and 51.71%,increased 7.25%.For the ESBLs-producing E.coli,the main specimens from urine,sputum,blood,appendix content,pus and secreta,and general surgery department,pneumology department,urology,Neurosurgery departments were the main infection departments.For the non ESBLs-producing E.coli,the main specimens from urine,blood,sputum,appendix content,pus and secreta.The drug resistance of E.coli to antibiotics showed increasingly upward trend from 2014 to 2015.However,it showed high sensitive to amikacin,imipenem and meropenem.Conclusion As the isolation rate of E.coli increased in 2015,so does the drug resistance,and it is need combine with the actual situation of medication to regulate the usage of antibiotics.

Objective To analyze the initial response rate of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the influence of different treatment modalities on pmgnnsis of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)of the nascl cavity.Methods From January 1993 to December 2002,70 patients were confirmed by histopathology as NHL,including 52 T cell origin,2 B cell and 16 NK cell.The main radiotherapy portal was set in front of the nose with a spade like protrusion,supplement with a portal next to the ear on one side or both sides.Combined portal in facial cervical area was first used when there was invasion of the oropharynx.The median dose to the nasal cavity wag 54.0 Gy with a range of 336 to 66 Gy,given before or during after radiotherapy or alone,consisted of 2-6 cycles chemotherapy of COP,CHOP or COBDP.Prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox model. Results The local control rates was 12.5%, 66.7% and 74.0% in chemotherapy alone,radiotherapy alone,and chemotherapy plus radiotherapy.The 5-year survival rate Wag 12.5%,50.0% and 62.0%,respectively(P＜0.05).Multifaetor analysis showed that tumor extension and treatment methods were the most important prognostic factors besides Ann-Arbor stage,but gender,pathology,age and symptoms had little effect on prognosis.Conclusion Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy group achieved a better survival rate than radiotherapy alone.For some NHL patients with good financial condition,APBSCT is a good choice.

OBJECTIVE:To provide ideas for revise and improve the standard and related method of the quality control of ben-zalkonium chloride in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Ⅱ). METHODS:The standards and related methods of the quality control of benzalkonium chloride in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition,Ⅱ),British Pharmacopoeia(2013 edition),European Pharmacopoeia (7.0 edition) and United States Pharmacopoeia (36 edition) were comprehensively compared. RESULTS:Com-pared with Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition,Ⅱ),the standards abroad provided the component and the ratio of the benzalko-nium chloride substituted homolog,the method for ammonia compound test had higher sensibility,it also added the test for benzyl alcohol,benzaldehyde and benzyl chloride impurity,as well as the component ratio test and average relative molecular mass calcu-lation. CONCLUSIONS:The standard and related method of the quality control of benzalkonium chloride in Chinese Pharmacopoe-ia(2015 edition,Ⅱ)still need to be further improved.

OBJECTIVE: To observe normal and abnormal findings of foramina within internal auditory canal (IAC) fundus with Virtual Endoscopy of multisection helical Computed Tomography. METHOD: CT scanning of temporal bone was undergone in 25 volunteers (50 ears) in the normal group, in 8 cases (13 ears) with foramina hypoplasia within IAC fundus which were shown on CT and MRI images. CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) findings were observed in the normal and abnormal groups. The lower threshold value was 900-1200 HU, the upper value was 3,071 HU in CTVE definitions. RESULT: The shape and position of foramina within IAC fundus were shown on the CTVE image, 50 foramina within IAC fundus were shown in all normal cases. In abnormal group, 9 ears were shown as IAC fundus disorder and foramina absent, only 1 foramina was shown in 1 ear, 2 foramen in 4 ears, 3 foramen in 2 ears, 4 foramen in 2 ears; Abnormal shape of cochlear nerve foramina was seen in 4 ears. Other malformations were also shown, including IAC malformations in 3 ears and inner ear malformations in 8 ears. CONCLUSION CTVE is useful to show the shape and position of normal foramina and pathological changes in the patients with foramina hypoplasia within IAC fundus.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Nerve ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Ear Canal ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

The United Kingdom is the longest-serving community in the welfare states, and has been serving for more than sixty years so far. The construction of community care service supply model in the United Kingdom is deeply influenced by the neo-liberalism and neo-managerialism, which dominated the reform and development of pur-chasing community care services. Presently, China is actively promoting the government to purchase pension services of public health care combined with the long-term care, especially policy and determination of community-based de-velopment of an elders' service model. Based on the purchased services experience of the United Kingdom combined with the situation in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions such as the repositioning the role of the govern-ment, actively supporting the development of civil service organizations and perfecting the legal system of care serv-ices to be purchased, supporting the development of proposals to reduce the burden on the government and enhance the efficiency of care services through improving their quality.