This paper analyzes the amputation reasons of 74 cases on lower limb amputator, recovery condition after fitted artificial limb and fitted time. The result shows; the most common reason on lower limb amputation in industrial accidents and traffic accidents; patients' whole function almost all rise from 3 level to 4 level; Amputators basically can conduct their daily life. Also the paper discusses some social etyical problems such as reducing industrial accident and traffic accident, strengthening the support and help on maimed persons by early fitting temporary artificial limb.

Objective:There are many different kinds of biological safety cabinets, it make some difficulties in the allocation. Scientific selection which based experimental requirements choose the right equipment match experiments, it can effectively prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms of operation personnel damage and environmental pollution.Methods: According to its working characteristics, different laboratory levels, detection items and actual operation of dangerous levels of pathogenic microorganisms, to determine the matched biological safety cabinet.Results: According to the different experiments correctly, choose the appropriate biological safety cabinet, bio-safety has been obviously improved, the incidence of adverse events decreased from 12% to 3%; the experimenter's security has improved.Conclusion: Through the use of biological safety cabinet clear and selection method, can not only improve biological testing of safety consciousness, but also strengthen the biological safety standardization, institutionalization and standardization of the management mechanism, avoid the use of biological safety, improve the quality of the efficiency of laboratory work and experiment, laboratory personnel biological safety.

Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) involves various genomic alterations associated with high risk factors and poor clinical outcome, such as IKZF1, CRLF2, JAK1/2, EBF1-PDGFRB, ATF7IP, EPOR, SH2B3.JAK/STAT pathway and PI3K/mTOR pathway are likely to be the targets of Ph-like ALL.Here,the above genomic alterations and treatment progress are reviewed.

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children.Airway remodeling that makes asthma difficult to control is an important pathological progress of asthma.Toll-like receptors (TLR), a kind of pattern recognition receptors, are expressed in a variety of human airway structure cells, such as airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mucus gland cells, etc.It is reported that TLRs play important roles in the regulation of airway remodeling in asthma.This article briefly summarizes the role of TLR in airway remodeling of asthma.

Hie morbidity and mortality of bladder cancer are both the highest among urinary cancers in China. As a critical component of epigenetics, DNA abnormal methylation plays an important role during the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer. Recently, researchers focusing on the DNA methylation in bladder cancer have done much on it The results are of great clinical significance for screening,diagnosis and therapy of bladder cancer.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common agents of community-acquired pneumonia in children.MP has been reported in 10％ ～ 40％ of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher incidence during epidemics.MP infections display a spectrum of symptoms and signs,ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe and potentially fatal pneumonia or extrapulmonary manifestations.The pathogenesis of extrapulmonary manifestations remain largely unknown.This review classifies extrapulmonary manifestations due to MP infection into three categories:direct type,indirect type and vascular occlusion type.These manifestations include neurological,cardiac,hematological,dermatological and other symptoms.This article presents an overview of extrapulmonary manifestations and pathogenesis of MP infections in children to improve the comprehension for diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the resistance of imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA),metallo-β-lactamase (MBLs) producing and prevalences of the coding genes of IRPA in ICU.Methods Eighty-six clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU continuously collected were analyzed retrospectively.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its drug susceptibility was identified by BioMerieux VITEK-32 system,and double disk synergy test was used to screen the MBLs producing IRPA.Then,the MBLs phenotype positive IRPA were confirmed by PCR to explore the genotype of them.Results Except polymyxin B with 100.0％ sensitivity and amikacin with higher sensitivity,the percentage of drug resistance for other antibiotics was more than 46％.MBLs phenotype positive IRPA accounted for 48.8％ (42/86) by double disk synergy test and genotype positive accounted for 47.7％(41/86) by PCR in MBLs phenotype positive IRPA.Among these,the most common was IMP-1 which constituted for 26.7％ (23/86).What's more,there were 15.1％(13/86) strains IRPA which carried multidrug resistant genes.Conclusions The main mechanism of drug resistance of IRPA in ICU is MBLs producing and IMP-1 is the most prevalent genotype,and IRPA with multidrug resistant genes is serious.Thus,monitoring of MBLs should be strengthened to help to use antibiotics rationally and prevent transmission of these genes.

Hg.The health risk of gene toxic substances was more distinct than that body toxic substances.(2)The total health risk of all pollutants in drinking water was 7.18?10-5a-1 in 2003,2.12?10-4a-1 in 2004 and 2.28?10-4a-1 in 2005,all of which exceeded 5.0?10-5a-1,the value recommended by ICRP,and greatly exceeded the standards recommended by the Sweden Bureau of 2 Environment Protection and the Holland Ministry of Building and Environment Protection.Conclusions:There is reference value in our research for risk management of drinking water resources and water enviroment poretcting measures.

The latest study shows that the expression abnormalities of programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling pathway in a variety of solid tumor tissues and cells are related to disease progression and poor prognosis, and directly involve in tumor immune escape, becoming the recent focus. With the further research, PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in blood diseases, for example, in the development of lymphoma, is catching more attention gradually. The signaling pathway not only is associated significantly with malignancy, progression, recurrence of lymphoma and prognosis of patients, but probably becomes a new target for cancer immunotherapy. This paper summarizes the expression and research status of the biological characteristics and mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in lymphoma, in order to provide a new way for lymphoma treatment.

Congenital cataract is one of the leading causes of children vision impairment and blindness.Among the many causative factors,inheritance plays a critical role in the development of congenital cataract.With the development of molecular biology techniques,more than 30 genes have been found to be associated with congenital cataract,and the number is still increasing.More pathogenic genes discovery and functional researches have the important values to understand the lens biological characteristics and the cataract pathophysiology mechanism.Discovering new ways to prevent cataracts may make it possible for human to achieve individualized genetic intervention.This article reviewed the recent advances in the study of lens embryology and genes related to congenital cataract.