Objective To explore current situation of hospital outpatient injection room infection and to discusse relevant countermeasures of infection control .Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 245 patients admitted and got infected in our hospital outpatient department injection room from October 2012‐to October 2013 .By analyzing its infection type ,treatment time ,age ,etc .,and in winter and items ,air ,medical staff hand in spring and summer and fall of hospital respectively we understand the hospital infection and the seasonal relationship ,the related factors of hospital infection ,and develop targeted and effective inter‐vention measures .Results The outpatient injection room infection were mainly occurred in respiratory system and digestive sys‐tem ,the occurrence rates were 54 .29% (133/245) ,25 .31% (62/245) ,respectively .The infection rate of treatment time> 7 d (2 .74% ) apparently higher than < 7 d (1 .09% ) (χ2 = 56 .246 ,P= 0 .000) .The infection rate of people whose age over 40 (1 .91% )apparently higher than age < 40 (1 .13% ) (χ2 = 12 .316 ,P= 0 .000) .The qualified rate of atmosphere in Winter and Spring (68 .46% ) was significantly lower than summer and autumn (89 .23% ) (P<0 .05) ,the qualified rates of surfaces and hands of medical staffs (84 .62% ,82 .31% ) were significantly higher than summer and autumn(63 .08% ,66 .15% ) .Conclusion The out‐patient injection room infections were related to a variety of factors ,we could carry on the comprehensive analysis and formulate specific interventions to reduce hospital infection .

Objective To investigate the current distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype in Southern China and to understand the HCV transmission and to infer its transmitting trend.Methods The HCV gene subtypes of 3 524 specimens from Southern China were detected and analyzed by polyonerase chain reaction (PCR)-fluorescence probe method or sequencing.The regular nested PCR and sequencing were used for the phylogenetic tree analysis when the fluorescence PCR inefficiently identifying virus isolates.Results Among 3 524 specimens,there were 2 922 cases from Guangdong,78 cases from Fujian,152 cases from Hainan and 372 cases from Guangxi.Genotype 1b comprised the majority (1 808/ 3 524,51.3％),followed by genotype 6a (925/3 524,26.2％),2a (298/3 524,8.46％),3a (246/ 3 524,6.98％),3b (200/3 524,5.68％) and 1a (27/3 524,0.77％).In addition,1 case wasgenotype 6e,1 case was genotype 6q,1 case was genotype 6r,3 case were genotype 6w,2 case were genotype 6xa,2 case were genotype 6n,and 1 case was genotype 6 with unclassified subtype.The genotype 1b accounted for the majority in most areas of 21 cities and counties in Guangdong Province,followed by genotype 6a.But in some areas,the major genotype was genotype 6a,followed by 1b.Genotype 4,genotype 5 and genotype 7 were not found in this study.Conclusions In the past two years,genotype 1b and 6a are still the epidemic genotypes in Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan provinces.However,genotype 6a has replaced 1b as the dominant one in some areas in Guangdong Province.The distributions of HCV genotypes do not change significantly in Guangxi and Fujian provinces.

Objective: To investigate the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on individual risktaking decisions in early adulthood using functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), so as to provide the reference for clarifying the brain mechanisms underlying the impact of childhood trauma on individual risky decision. Methods: From December 2023 to March 2024, 28 children with childhood trauma experiences (trauma group) and 32 healthy college students (control group) were selected from Jining Medical University by a combination of stratified descent and convenient sampling methods. All subjects participated in the Iowa Game task fNIRS scanning. The brain activation, functional connectivity, graph theory properties (degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and local efficiency), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed by using preprocessing fNIRS data. Results: Compared with control group, trauma group showed significantly fewer choice times in the inferior deck (Z=-0.88), and showed significantly decreased activation levels in the right frontalpolar (Z=-2.59), as well as showed significant decreased functional connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal and in right dorsolateral prefrontal (Z=-3.78), and between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right frontal pole (Z=-3.68)(P<0.05). The central index of right inferior frontal gyrus in the trauma group was higher than that in the control group, while the central index of left and right dorsolateral frontal lobes was lower than that in the control group (Z=2.13, -2.53, -2.12, P<0.05). The centrality index of the right inferior frontal gyrus in the trauma group was higher than that in the control group (Z=2.47, P<0.05). The local efficiency indicators of the right inferior frontal gyrus, left and right frontal pole in the trauma group were higher than those in the control group (Z=2.51, 2.17, 2.53, P<0.05). The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the local efficiency achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC=0.68). Conclusions Young adults with childhood trauma experience tend to choose lower loss, and the frontal pole shows a lack of activation in the whole process of risk decision performance. The abnormalities in the brain connectivity and network properties might be the neural basis of excessive defense mechanisms that childhood trauma leads to risky decisions.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the outcome of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in prenatal diagnosis for fetal abnormalities detected by ultrasonography.

METHODSAmniotic fluid samples from 477 pregnancies with abnormal ultrasound findings but without common aneuploidies were detected by CMA with Affymetrix CytoScan 750K arrays. The results were analyzed with ChAS v3.0 software.

RESULTSAmong the 477 samples, 24 (5.03%) were detected with pathogenic copy number variations (pCNVs) by CMA. Six (9.68%) among 62 cases with structural fetal abnormalities in multiple organ systems were detected with pCNVs, 11 (7.48%) among 147 cases with a single structural anomaly were detected with pCNVs, and 7 (2.61%) among 268 cases with a soft marker were detected with pCNVs.

CONCLUSIONCMA has offered a clear advantage over conventional karyotyping for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, and can provide an effective diagnostic tool for those with one or more structural abnormalities detected by ultrasound.

Adolescent ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; embryology ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; genetics ; Fetus ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for the diagnosis of children with intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD) but a normal karytype.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples from 92 ID/DD patients were analyzed with CMA using Affymetrix CytoScan 750K arrays. The results were analyzed by ChAS v3.0 software.

RESULTSEighteen cases (19.57%) were detected with abnormalities by CMA, among which 10 cases were diagnosed with microdeletion/microduplication syndromes. These included 2 Williams-Beuren syndromes, 2 Angelman syndromes, 2 Russell-Silver syndromes, 1 Smith-Magenis syndromes, 1 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromes, 1 15q26 overgrowth syndrome and 1 Xq28 (MECP2) duplication syndrome. In addition, 8 cases were diagnosed with pathogenic copy number variations (pCNV).

CONCLUSIONCMA can significantly improve the diagnostic rate for patients with ID/DD, which is of great value for the treatment of such children and guidance of reproduction for their parents. Therefore, CMA should become the first-line diagnostic test for patients with ID/DD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Developmental Disabilities ; genetics ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; genetics ; psychology ; Intelligence ; Karyotype ; Male ; Microarray Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Young Adult