OBJECTIVE:To provide reference information for pharmacoeconomic studies in China.METHODS:To intro?duce the roles of budget impact analysis and financial impact analysis and the connection with cost-effectiveness analy?sis.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Budget impact analysis can contribute to making innovative drug reimbursement decision.

OBJECTIVE:To explore WHO western pacific region to essential drugs available and the framework of regional action (2010～2015) and the implications of China's essential drug policy.METHODS:Discuss WHO western pacific region to essential drug available and the framework of regional action of 2010～2015,and to help WHO western pacific regional expert consultation of member states including China can obtain the essential drug which was afforded,quailty assurance,use properly,fair,and available.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:As a key member of WHO western pacific region,we support the plan and framework,but we need to do with the implementation of national conditions.

OBJECTIVE:To summarize the experiences of Ningxia's drug tender policy reform in unifying tender operation,price,and distribution("Trinity" reform).METHODS:Review of the reform process with discussion from the perspective of extension of tender policy objective,essential medicine policy as well as existing problems and corresponding countermeasures.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In addition to the functions that Ningxia's "Trinity" reform of drug tender policy solidifies the price-lowering role of drug tender policy and benefits the construction of essential medicine policy,the reform still needs to be improved with regards to some existing problems.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce methods of cost categorizing in pharmacoeconomics evaluation and existing controversy METHODS:To compare different cost measurement methods and definition in different pharmacoeconomic guideline RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Choosing appropriate cost spectrum corresponding to different studing aspects

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for choosing appropriate methods of health outcome measurement in phar?macoeconomic evaluation.METHODS:To compare different outcome measurement methods and introduce the standards in varied pharmacoeconomic guidelines.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:We should choose those methods according to different health systems,angles of research and disease specialities.

OBJECTIVE: To provide information about the reforming basic insurance drug list in China, especially in Shanghai for reference.METHODS: To introduce development of drug classified management in China and compare different experiences in the management of OTC drugs' reimbursement in Sweden, Germany, Netherlands and Fenland .RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The inclusion criteria of OTC drugs' reimbursement must be identified.OTC drugs within the insurance drug list should be equated with Rx drugs and those out of the insurance drug list should be fixed with favourable prices.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference information for formulating drug policies in China.METHODS: To introduce the development and application of pharmacoeconomics in drug pricing and reimbursement process in Asia - Pacific region. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Pharmacoeconomics can aid for drug policy decision.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference information for development and application of pharmacoeconomics evaluation in China.METHODS:To introduce the different roles of pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the world.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:It's necessary for China to formulate pharmacoeconomic guidelines and use it in drug pricing,drug reimbursement,clinical guidance,diseases prevention and new drug R&D.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the medical cost of capectabine in treatment of advanced rectocolonic carcino?ma.METHODS:The characteristics of therapeutic effect and medical cost were compared between capectabine and classical MAYO program.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The capectabine is more expensive than traditional drugs,however,in terms of medical resource,the saving medical cost in use of capectabine would counterbalance the expensive price of drug to maxium limit.The medical cost of capectabine is superior to that of traditional drugs.

The paper undertakes a study of equity in the distribution of health resources in China by means of the Theil Index. The results indicate that equity in the distribution of hospital beds, doctors, and nurses between the various provinces is taking a turn for the better. The improvement of equity in the distribution of hospital beds and doctors is mainly due to the improvement in the eastern regions while the central and western regions still maintain the status quo, with supply basically meeting demand. The improvement of equity in the distribution of nurses, however, is due to the simultaneous improvement in the eastern, central and western regions, yet demand exceeds supply.