Objective To analyze the results of distribution of mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody and DNA test,and ex-plore its application in diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.Methods Retrospectively analysed myco-plasma pneumoniae antibody IgM (MP-IgM)and mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA (MP-DNA)results,114 374 passengers and 8 014 passengers,in 0 ~ 16 year-old children of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from year 2013 to 2014.Analyzed of the relationship between gender,age,season and the positive rate of the MP-IgM and MP-DNA. Collected 5 106 patients with MP-IgM and MP-DNA results simultaneously and analyze the consistency between two posi-tive indexes in different ages.Results ①MP-IgM and MP-DNA positive rate varied in sex,age and season,the positive rate in female was higher than male.The positive rates of MP-IgM and MP-DNA at the age of 1~3 and 7~ 12 years old were higher than other age groups.The positive rate of MP-IgM in spring and autumn was higher,while MP-DNA was higher in summer and autumn and all differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001).②The positive rate of MP-DNA differed in specimens,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had the highest MP-DNA positive rate,49.95%.③The positive consistency of MP-IgM and MP-DNA was associated with age,with 4~6 and 7~12 year-olds the highest,respectively 35.2% and 45.8%. Conclusion ①Incidence of children pneumonia mycoplasma infection was mainly in preschool and school-aged children,more female than male,and autumn highest.② The detection of MP-DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was the best sample type.③For <1 and 1~3 year-olds,combined detection of MP-DNA and MP-IgM can improve diagnostic rates.