Objective To evaluate the clinical application of Hawkeye VG SPECT/CT imaging on diagnosing and locating lower gastrointestinal bleeding using in vivo labeling 99Tcm-RBC.Methods Fiftysix patients (42 males,14 females,age ranging from 10 to 76 years) who had definite lower gastrointestinal bleeding were studied retrospectively.All patients had intravenous injection with 370 MBq 99Tcm-RBC and then underwent planar,SPECT,and CT imaging respectively in the abdomen before exploratory laparotomy.Images from SPECT and CT were fused thereafter to locate the active bleeder,if any.x2 test was performed to show the differences of diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy between planar and SPECT/CT imaging.Results In 56 patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding,50 patients showed abnormally concentrated radionuclide activity with planar images and 52 patients showed the similar imaging pattern with SPECT/CT.Among these patients,concordant bleeding with operation findings was found in 31 patients with planar images and 48 patients with SPECT/CT images.The sensitivity and accuracy were 89.3％ (50/56) and 73.8％ (31/42) in planar images,and 92.9％ (52/56) and 92.3％ (48/52) in SPECT/CT images (x2 =0.11,P＞0.05 ;x2 =4.63,P＜0.05).Conclusion Hawkeye VG SPECT/CT imaging shows an effective,simple and accurate method and could be used for diagnosing and locating lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of 18 F?FDG PET/CT imaging for primary pul?monary lymphoepithelioma?like carcinoma (LELC). Methods A total of 19 patients (10 males, 9 fe?males;average age 56.4 years) with suspected primary pulmonary LELC undergone whole?body 18F?FDG PET/CT and chest contrast CT scan were enrolled in this retrospective study. The SUVmax and uptake pat?terns of FDG, the histological types and the clinical stages were recorded. Image characteristics of contrast CT and FDG PET/CT were observed, and the diagnostic efficiency was calculated. Two?sample t test and one?way analysis of variance were used to analyze the results. Results The diagnostic sensitivity and spe?cificity of LELC were 12/13 and 4/6 for FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax of LELC lesions was significantly differ?ent from that of other lung malignant tumors or lung benign lesions (F=3.67, P<0?05). The lesion had longer diameter, lower CT density, higher SUVmax in stage Ⅳ patients, compared with that in stageⅠ-Ⅲpatients ( F=7.01, P<0.05) . The significant difference of SUVmax was found between lesions with ring up?take and lesions with other uptake types (3.94±0.67 vs 2.86±0.35; t=4.07, P<0?05). The SUVmax was higher in Schmincke tumors when compared with that in tumors of Regaud subtype ( 3. 61 ± 0. 71 vs 2. 76 ± 0?29; t=2.99, P<0.05) . Conclusion 18 F?FDG PET/CT could be an accurate method in differential diag?noses of primary pulmonary LELC.

BACKGROUND: For patients with myocardial infarction occupied most of the heart, the effect of coronary artery bridge is not obvious. Currently, myocardial and vascular regeneration by stem cells has become a focus of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Myocardial survival directly correlates with improvement of blood perfusion following stem cell transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of ~(18)F-FDG and ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography imaging in assessing myocardial glucose metabolism and perfusion with old myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and CD34~+ stem cell transplanting. METHODS: Bone marrow was extracted from the anterior superior iliac spine 1 day before surgery. Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. CD34~+ cells were isolated and purified by immunomagnetic bead system. Coronary artery pathological changes were examined under general anesthesia. The end-to-side anastomosis of graft vessel and coronary artery was performed. 1×10~(11)/L CD34~+ cell suspension was extracted, and injected into the surrounding and center of the infarct (blood flow/metabolism matching depletion) at 6 points, with 0.2 mL in each point. According to preoperative perfusion/metabolism imaging, myocardium segments were divided into two groups: match group: blood perfusion and metabolism images were sparse or normal, i.e. infarction or normal myocardium; mismatch group: blood perfusion image displayed depletion, but metabolism images were normal or radially distributed, i.e. surviving myocardium. ~(18)F-FDG and ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI dual-isotopic imaging were performed before and 4 months after CABG. Circumferential count profiles from ~(18)F-FDG and ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI short axis slices were generated to assess myocardial blood perfusion and glucose metabolism. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 31 patients were divided into 279 segments, and 145 segments were in myocardial perfusion-metabolism mismatch (MM). ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI and ~(18)F-FDG uptake fraction was significantly increased 4 months before operation (P < 0.01); match group without transplanting had 81 segments, and the ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI and ~(18)F-FDG uptake fraction remained unchanged after operation (P > 0.05). Match group undergoing transplanting had 54 segments, and their ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI and ~(18)F-FDG uptake fraction increased remarkably 4 months after operation (P < 0.01). CABG can improve the function of survival myocardial segments, but it is helpless to infraction myocardium. The autologous CD34~+ stem cell transplantation can improve myocardial blood perfusion and glucose metabolism of the distributions of infract myocardium.

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-modality imaging (PET/CT+CAG+CMRI) in post myocardial infract (MI) patients followed coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and autologous bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) therapy.Methods A total of 43 patients with MI (27 males, 16 females, age range: 47-72 years) were prospectively enrolled in the year 2012 between January and December.All patients underwent CABG+BMSC transplantation and were divided into 3 groups according to the time interval between two treatments (group 1: 0-3 d;group 2: 4-14 d;group 3: 15-30 d).All patients were orderly scanned with CMRI, PET/CT (13N-NH3·H2O/18F-FDG) and CAG at different time-points pre-/post-treatment.The quantitative parameters included vascular stenosis degree(VSD), LVEF, percentage size of infarction (PSI), the number of segments in mismatched myocardial perfusion/metabolic and the K value for radioactive distribution grading.One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t test were used to compare parameters before and after treatment in the same group and among three different groups.Results Regarding PET/CT diagnostic efficacy of abnormal myocardial segments, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 95.4%(540/566), 87.3%(144/165), 96.3%(540/561) and 84.7%(144/170), respectively.After CABG and BMSC transplantation treatments for 12 months, VSD decreased significantly((69.1±9.5)%;F=12.854, P<0.05), comparing with the baseline ((74.8±7.9)%;t=3.074, P<0.05).Comparing to the baseline, LVEF in 3 groups increased slightly(F values: 0.906,0.298,0.059, all P>0.05).PSI of patients in group 2 decreased greatly after 12 months treatment ((35.70±12.59)%;F=3.792, t values:-2.916-4.059, all P<0.05).K values for radioactive distribution grade decreased obviously after 1 month and 12 months treatment comparing to the baseline (11.79±1.87,12.39±2.35,14.05±2.15;F=4.212, t values:-4.619,-0.989, all P<0.05).Number of myocardial perfusion/metabolic abnormal segments in group 2 after 1 month treatment was lower comparing to the baseline and 24 months treatment (10.17±0.66, 12.92±0.99, 14.17±1.21;F=3.543, t values:-2.146,-2.898, all P<0.05).The PSI, mismatched segments and K values post-treatment were not significantly different between group 1 and 3 (F values: 0.093-1.364, all P>0.05).Conclusions Multi-modality imaging may be used for accurately detecting abnormal myocardium and predicting prognosis.CABG+BMSC therapy during day 4-14 post-MI may temporarily improve perfusion and metabolism in viable myocardium, but the long term prognosis seemed not be improved.

Objective:To detect the interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and expressions of applipoprotein E (ApoE) in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with different body-mass indexes (BMI),and to explore the diagnotic value of 11Pittsburgh comound-B (11C-PIB) combined with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT imaging in AD.Methods:A total of 58 AD patients were divided into four groups according to their BMI:low BMI group(BMI <18.5 kg·m-2,n=18),normal BMI group(18.5 kg·m-2≤BMI <24.9 kg·m-2,n=13),high BMI group(24.9 kg·m-2≤BMI <29.9 kg·m-2,n=12)and obese group(BMI ≥29.9 kg·m-2,n=15).All the patients underwent PET/CT imaging (11C-PIB and 18F-FDG).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate,the expression rates of ApoE (ε2,ε3,and ε4) and the levels of serum IL-6 were detected.The relationship between BMI and the expression rates of ApoE and the serum levels of IL-6 were analyzed by Spearman analysis.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy rate of the patients in low BMI group diagnosed by 11C-PIB and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 87.5%,80.0%,and 84.6%,which were higher than those diagnosed by 11C-PIB (55.6%,50.0%,and 53.8%) or 18F-FDG (42.9%,50.0%,and 46.2%)alone (P<0.05).The serum levels of IL-6 and BMI of the AD patients had a negative correlation(r=-0.407,P=0.002).The expression rate of ApoE ε4 allelic gene(60.3%) of the AD patients was higher than those of ε2(18.9%) and ε3 allelic genes(20.7%),but there was no correlation between the BMI and the expression rates of different ApoE allelic genes of the AD patients(r=-0.028,P=0.833).Conclusion:11C-PIB and 18F-FDG PET/CT has a high diagnotic value in the AD patients.11C-PIB and 18F-FDG combinated with serum IL-6 level and BMI could diagnose and evaluate AD more exactly.

Objective:To explore the relationship between metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and albuminuria in the Chinese population.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2018 among residents aged 20 to 70 years in ten regions of eight provinces in China; all residents had lived in their region for more than 5 years. Various parameters were measured, included fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), blood lipids, renal function, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), etc. Data of 5 060 subjects meeting the criteria were included in the study. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 or UACR≥30 mg/g. Albuminuria was defined as UACR≥30 mg/g. METS-IR was calculated and categorized into quartiles: Q1, METS-IR≤32.19; Q2, METS-IR 32.20-37.10; Q3, METS-IR 37.11-42.58; and Q4, METS-IR>42.58. The correlation between METS-IR and CKD and albuminuria was analyzed by binary logistic regression, and subgroup analyses were performed. Results:There were 1 266, 1 266, 1 265, and 1 263 participants included in Q1-Q4 groups, respectively. With the increase of METS-IR quartile, various parameters increased, including age, fasting blood glucose, HbA 1c, triglycerides, serum uric acid, waist circumference, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the proportion of males also increased (all P<0.05). The proportion of patients with CKD and albuminuria increased significantly with the increase in interquartile range (Q) of METS-IR (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that for every 1-unit increment of METS-IR, the risk of CKD and albuminuria were both increased by 2% [for both: odds ratio ( OR)=1.02, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.01-1.03]. Compared with the lowest METS-IR group (Q1), the ORs for CKD and albuminuria in the highest METS-IR group (Q4) were 1.57 (95% CI 1.17-2.10) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.09-1.96), respectively. In the subgroup analyses, increased METS-IR was significantly associated with CKD and albuminuria among women (CKD: OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.14-2.31; albuminuria: OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.07-2.18), individuals with HbA 1c<7% ( OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.21-2.23; OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.14-2.11), individuals with eGFR≥90 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 ( OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.27-2.49; OR=1.80, 95% CI 1.28-2.53), and the Chinese Han population ( OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.13-2.17; OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.96). Conclusions:METS-IR is significantly associated with CKD and albuminuria in a Chinese population. Furthermore, the higher the METS-IR, the higher the risk of CKD and albuminuria.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of CT-guided 125I seeds implantation combining with 89SrCl 2 to relieve pain after failure of external irradiation in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer. Methods:Clinical data of 48 patients (age 56-85 years) with bone metastases from prostate cancer admitted to General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treated with 125I seeds implantation combining with 89SrCl 2 (group A) and 89SrCl 2 alone (group B), respectively. Independent-sample t test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate the differences of pain level (most severe pain, least pain, mean pain and current pain) scores and bone pain interference scores between 2 groups before and after treatment (before treatment, 3 d, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment). Prostate specific antigen (PSA), free PSA (fPSA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 12 weeks after treatment of 2 groups were also compared by using independent-sample t test. Results:In group A, a total of 722 seeds were implanted in 39 bone metastases in 23 patients, and the implantation successful rate was 97.44%(38/39). There were 25 patients in group B. In group A, the most severe pain, mean pain and current pain scores decreased with time ( F values: 3.71-22.47, all P<0.05). Except for the scores at 3 d posttreatment, most severe pain, mean pain, and current pain scores at different times showed significant differences with those before treatment (all P<0.05). There were also differences in the most severe pain, mean pain, and current pain scores in group B before and after treatment ( F values: 2.45-2.52, P values: 0.044-0.049), with scores decreasing first (till 8 weeks after treatment) and increasing later. The most severe pain, mean pain, and current pain scores 8 week after treatment were lower than those before treatment (all P<0.05), but all the four scores at 12 weeks were not significantly different from those before treatment ( P values: 0.057-0.693). At 12 weeks after treatment, the differences in the most severe pain, mean pain and current pain scores between 2 groups were statistically significant ( t values: 2.04-3.41, P values: 0.001-0.047). Bone pain interference scores 12 weeks after treatment in group A were higher than those in group B ( t values: 2.04-3.16, P values: 0.022-0.047), and PSA, fPSA and ALP 12 weeks after treatment in group A were significantly lower than those in group B ( t values: 4.38-6.82, P values: 0.012-0.042). Conclusion:CT-guided 125I seeds implantation combined with 89SrCl 2 is feasible and effective for the treatment of bone pain after failed external irradiation in patients with prostate cancer bone metastases, especially for the combination of fulminant pain.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 125I seeds implantation for lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) from radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAIR-DTC), and to verify the computer three-dimensional treatment planning system (TPS) from the dosimetry accuracy in assisting seeds implantation to treat LNM. Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 17 RAIR-DTC patients with LNM admitted to the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from December 2016 to January 2019 (8 males, 9 females, median age 58 years). All patients underwent preoperative TPS planning design, CT-guided puncture and 125I seeds implantation (seed activity 14.8-25.9 MBq). The dosimetric results of postoperative validation were compared with those of preoperative planning, including the dosimetric parameters such as target volume before and after surgery and the dose received by 90% and 100% gross tumor volume (GTV) ( D90, D100), the percentage received by 100% and 150% of the prescription dose ( V100, V150), homogeneity index (HI). All patients underwent CT after 6 months to compare the LNM size, serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level, and the improvement of complications before and after treatment. Efficacies were divided into complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD). Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze the data. Results:Among 17 patients, a total of 226 125I radioactive seeds were implanted. Among them, 1 achieved CR, 10 achieved PR, 4 were with SD, and 2 were with PD. The diameter of LNM was 1.40(0.65, 3.05) cm before treatment and was 0.40(0.21, 0.91) cm 6 months after treatment ( z=-3.95, P<0.05). The Tg before treatment was 23.50(20.94, 72.92) μg/L and was 8.90(3.20, 40.22) μg/L 6 months after treatment ( z=-5.009, P<0.001). Tg antibody were all negative. There were 90.90% (20/22) of patients had slightly lower D90 than the prescribed dose ((12 378.8±3 182.0) vs (12 497.8±1 686.4) cGy; t=0.251, P>0.05). The postoperative dose parameters D100 and V150 ((6 881.5±1 381.8) cGy, (58.5±18.4)%) were both lower than those of preoperative plan ((8 085.8±2 330.0) cGy, (66.5±17.7)%; t values: 8.913, 3.032, both P<0.05), and the remaining indicators were not significantly different from those of the preoperative plan ( t values: 0.251, 1.493, z values: from -1.604 to -0.593, all P>0.05). Conclusions:According to the TPS preoperative plan, 125I seeds implantation for treating RAIR-DTC LNM can achieve the expected dose distribution, and the short-term tumor local control is effective. It is a safe and effective treatment method.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of 125I seeds implantation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of primary liver cancer. Methods:A retrospective analysis of data from 40 patients with primary liver cancer at the Northern Theater General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 (26 males, 14 females, age 41 to 82 years) was performed. Among them, 21 patients were in treatment group and underwent 125I seeds implantation combined with TACE treatment, while 19 patients were in control group and received TACE treatment. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels between the two groups were compared, effective rate and disease control rate (DCR) of the two groups were analyzed, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were observed. Data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results:Two months after 125I seeds implantation, the effective rates of treatment group and control group were 76.19%(16/21) and 8/19, respectively ( χ2=4.83, P=0.028); the DCRs were 90.48%(19/21) and 11/19, respectively ( χ2=4.21, P=0.040). AFP levels in both groups decreased significantly, with treatment group showing a greater decrease rate (0.87(0.84, 0.90) and 0.66(0.65, 0.67); z=5.42, P<0.001). No serious adverse reaction was observed in either group. The median OS of treatment group and control group were 18.2 and 10.6 months, respectively ( χ2=10.98, P=0.037); the median PFS of the two groups were 8.4 and 6.1 months, respectively ( χ2=7.54, P=0.041). Conclusion:125I seeds implantation combined with TACE treatment can exert a synergistic and enhancing effect in the treatment of primary liver cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 125I seeds implantation (RSI) for treatment of lymph nodes metastases (LNM) in patients with 131I refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAIR-DTC).Methods A total of 42 RAIR-DTC patients with LNM (14 males,28 females,median age 49 years) who underwent RSI guided by CT from January 2015 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent CT and their serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were measured 2,4 and 6 months post-treatment.The LNM size and serum Tg levels before and after treatment were compared,and the curative effect of RSI for complications was observed.Paired t test,x2 test,repeated measurement analysis of variance,Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results Two patients (4.76％) achieved complete remission,9(21.43％) achieved partial remission,29(69.05％) had no change,2(4.76％) were with progressive disease in all 42 patients.Thetotal effective rate was 95.24％ (40/42).The LNM diameter post-treatment was (1.39±0.75) cm,significantly lower than that before treatment ((1.99±0.38) cm;t=5.557,P＜0.01).The Tg level 2,4 and 6 months posttreatment was (53.24± 14.05),(33.17±7.61) and (25.93± 10.91) μg/L,respectively,which was significantly lower than that before treatment ((57.72± 15.23) μg/L;F =23.612,all P＜0.05).The age,sex,metastatic site,and the number of seeds implanted in each lesion were not the influencing factors on RSI (x2 values:0.569-15.884,rs =0.277,all P＞0.05).The LNM size was the influencing factor on RSI (x2=4.524,P＜0.05).Conclusions 125I RSI can significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms of RAIR-DTC patients with LNM,and the LNM size has relevance for the treatment effect.The clinical follow-up time of serum Tg level can be extended to 6 months or even longer.