Objective To investigate the value and usefulness of optimized multislice CT enterography (MSCTE) with orally administered isosmotic mannitol (2. 5%) as negative contrast in demonstrating the small bowel and its abnormality. Methods Forty patients suspected of intestinal tumors were randomly divided into two groups and underwent conventional or optimized MSCTE. The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the thickness of bowel wall were evaluated for the six segments of the small intestine. The other 20 patients suspected of gastrointestinal diseases underwent gastrointestinal CT imaging.The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the wall thickness of bowel wall were statistically analyzed with Chi-Square test and t test. Results The wall thickness of the stomach, ileum and colon were (2. 56 ±0.52) ,(1.41 ±0. 15),(1.46 ±0. 13),(1.91 ±0. 25), (1.97 ±0.26),(2.01 ±0. 19), (2. 04 ±0.24)and (2. 05 ±0. 18)mm. Optimized method was superior to conventional method in the expansion degree of the second and third segments of the small intestine (P ＜ 0. 05) . There was no significant differences between two groups in the expansion degree and depiction of mucosa for the other segments of small intestine (P ＞ 0. 05). The gastrointestinal CT imaging was poor in the depiction of the duodenum and jejunum, but stomach, ileum and colon were fully illustrated. Conclusion Optimized MSCTE was superior to conventional method in demonstrating the small bowel, and gastrointestinal CT imaging can expand diagnostic scope because of good observation of whole gastrointestinal tract.

Objective To study the adriamycin nephrosis model in different development pathological stages. Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was established by injecting adriamycin into tail-vein twice every two weeks to detect blood and urina biochemical indicators and to observe the pathological changes of the renal tissues. Results The model showed serious edema,proteinuria,hypoproteinemia,and hyperlipidemia. Podocytes were swollen and mesangial cells developed mild hyperplasia at the end of the fourth week. The nephric tubule atrophied at the end of the eighth week accompanied with adhesion between glomeruli and Bowman's capsule. Glomeruli sclerosis of mild or medium degree was observed at the end of the twelfth week with obvious lymphocyte infiltration in the renal interstitium as well as the formation of collagen fibers. Conclusion The adriamycin nephrosis model was successfully developed by injecting adriamycin 4 mg/kg into tail-vein twice every two weeks. The acute model is similar to human minimal change disease,and the chronic model is similar to human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Objective To investigate podocyte number, the expression of nephrin and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in adriamycin-induced-nephropathy rat model and its significance. Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was constructed to detect blood and urine biochemical indicators and observe the pathological changes of renal tissues by light microscope and electron microscope. The expression levels of nephrin and TGF-β1 as well as the podocyte number were examined at different time points by immunohistochemistry. Results The pathological changes of the renal tissues were obvious. Nephrin presented a weak signal at the end of the first week (P<0.05). TGF-β1 started to increase (P<0.05) while the podocyte number started to decrease at the end of the eighth week (P<0.05). Expression of nephrin was negatively correlated with the P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=-0.71, P<0.05). Expression of TGF-β1 was blood urea nitrogen (r=0.62, P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=0.59, urinary protein (r=-0.63, P<0.05), blood urea nitrogen (r=-0.72, P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=-0.76, P<0.05); it was positively correlated with nephrin (r=0.78, P<0.01) but negatively correlated with TGF-β1 (r=-0.64, P<0.05). Conclusion The acute and chronic adriamycin nephrosis models were twice every two weeks. The genesis and development of proteinuria are closely related to the abnormal expression of nephrin. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis occurs when the podocyte number decreases and TGF-β1 accelerates it.

Objective To investigate podocyte number,the expression of nephrin and transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) in adriamycin-induced-nephropathy rat model and its significance.Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was constructed to detect blood and urine biochemical indicators and observe the pathological changes of renal tissues by light microscope and electron microscope.The expression levels of nephrin and TGF-?1 as well as the podocyte number were examined at different time points by immunohistochemistry.Results The pathological changes of the renal tissues were obvious.Nephrin presented a weak signal at the end of the first week(P