This paper reports reaction of Bacillus lichendermis on the inhibitor vacations. The result Shows that, inhibition of the 500?g/mL of cephalosporin 1000?g/mL of penicillin, 500?g/mL of streptimycin, on the Bacillus Licheniformis,Whe the Phis 7.0. This provides a sicentific basis for using the preparation of Bacillus licheniformis.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of PDCA(plan,do,check,action)cycle theory in the ADR monitoring of our hospital. METHODS:The problems of ADR monitoring in our hospital in 2012 were analyzed and intervened by PDCA cycle. The effects of PDCA cycle were evaluated 1 year later. RESULTS:After implementation of PDCA cycle,we had improved the manage-ment system,brought ADR monitoring into the appraisal of clinical pharmacists,established the networking platform of ADR report-ing,strengthened the training of physicians and nurses,the publicty of ADR information and ADR monitoring of important medi-cine. The number of ADR reports increased by 18.37% in 2013,the proportion of new and serious ADR reports obviously in-creased(increasing from 22.28% to 38.42%);in terms of ADR reporting source,the ADR reporting in wards obviously increased (increasing from 8.16% to 43.84%). The proportion of ADR induced by antibiotics or TCM preparation decreased significantly(re-spetively decreasing from 54.52% to 43.84% and 23.03% to 13.30%);in term of ADR clinical manifestations,the proportion of skin and its appendants involved decreased significantly (decreasing from 53.64% to 39.41%). CONCLUSIONS:The application of PDCA cycle obviously improves the management of ADR monitoring in our hospital.

Neomangiferin, a natural C-glucosyl xanthone, has recently received a great deal of attention due to its multiple biological activities. In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chroma-tography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for the quantification of neomangiferin in rat plasma was developed. Using chloramphenicol as an internal standard (IS), plasma samples were subjected to a direct protein precipitation process using methanol (containing 0.05% formic acid). Quan-tification was performed by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) method, with the transitions of the parent ions to the product ions of m/z 583.1-330.9 for NG and m/z 321.1-151.9 for IS. The assay was shown to be linear over the range of 0.2–400 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.2 ng/mL. Mean recovery of neomangiferin in plasma was in the range of 97.76%–101.94%. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day precision were both o 10%. The accuracy of the method ranged from 94.20%to 108.72%. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of neomangiferin after intravenous (2 mg/kg) and intragastric (10 mg/kg) administration for the first time. The oral absolute bioavailability of neomangiferin was estimated to be 0.53%7 0.08%with an elimination half-life (t1/2) value of 2.74 7 0.92 h, indicating its poor absorption and/or strong metabolism in vivo.

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Synergism ; Flavanones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

A new chitosan derivative is prepared using chitosan.Ethyl chlorocarbonate was first introduced to the hydroxyl group of phthaloylchitosan through a nucleophilic reaction.Hydrazine was then added to recover the amino groups of chitosan and promote cross-linking.The structure of this new chitosan derivative was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy,and its physical properties were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The thermal and chemical stabilities of the new derivative were improved compared with those of native chitosan.Assay of Escherichia coli adhesion on a film based on this chitosan derivative showed good adsorption and biofilm formation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mothod and therapeutic efficacy of total hip anthroplasties (THA) for osteoarthritis secondary to Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of hip in adults.

METHODSFrom May 2006 to December 2013, THA was performed on 15 adult patients (17 hips) with Growe type IV acetabular dysplasia, including 13 females and 2 males, with a mean age of 30.9 years old (22 to 58 years old) and an average preoperative Harris score of (34.0 ± 6.5) points. Traction of the affected limb was not performed before surgery. After extensive release and lengthening of soft tissues, sub-trochanteric osteotomy of the femur was performed, hip joint center was rebuilt and the abduction function was restored.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up with a mean period of 33 months (ranged from 6 months to 5 years). The postoperative Harris score was 85.0 ± 7.3,higher than the preoperative score. The extended length of limb ranged from 1.6 to 5.4 cm, with a mean of (3.42 ± 0.65) cm. The shortening and malformation of the affected limb were corrected in the most patients,with the difference in length of the two legs less than 1.5 cm. After surgery, 1 patient experienced partial sciatic nerve injury, which was largely recovered after 3 months of conservative treatment. One patient experienced complete sciatic nerve injury, which was partially recovered after 6 months of conservative treatment; a foot-drop varus deformity was formed in the distal end of the affected limb, which was improved after tendon transposition and transplantation. Joint pain was relieved, and the joint function was restored significantly. Over the follow-up period, no severe complications such as dislocation, infection, prosthesis loosening, or subsiding occurred.

CONCLUSIONSatisfactory efficacy can be achieved for adult Growe type IV acetabular dysplasia associated with osteoarthritis by THA, with proper soft tissue release and lengthening, sub-trochanteric osteotomy of femur, joint functional restoration, appropriate choice of prosthesis, and careful protection of nerves and vessels.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; complications ; Humans ; Leg Length Inequality ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; surgery

A new chitosan derivative is prepared using chitosan.Ethyl chlorocarbonate was first introduced to the hydroxyl group of phthaloylchitosan through a nucleophilic reaction.Hydrazine was then added to recover the amino groups of chitosan and promote cross-linking.The structure of this new chitosan derivative was characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）and proton nuclear magnetic resonance（1H NMR）spectroscopy,and its physical properties were determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.The thermal and chemical stabilities of the new derivative were improved compared with those of native chitosan.Assay of Escherichia coli adhesion on a film based on this chitosan derivative showed good adsorption and biofilm formation.

Research on polymer impurities has always been important in the quality control of cephalosporins. Research on polymers in cephalosporins that lack active amino groups on the C-7 side chain has not been reported. Therefore, our study used cefazolin sodium, which is widely used in the clinic, as an example. The polymer in cefazolin sodium and its product "cefazolin sodium pentahydrate for injection" was analyzed by column switching liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Two polymer impurity peaks were detected and the possible structures of these polymers were suggested. Through two-dimensional liquid chromatography, the chromatographic peaks following Sephadex gel chromatography and high-performance gel chromatography were compared to those obtained by reverse high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for cefazolin sodium as reported in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The HPLC method proves more suitable for polymer detection than Sephadex gel chromatography and high-performance gel chromatography. The method of polymer detection for cefazolin sodium was established using the method of related substances HPLC as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

OBJECTIVE Oxidative sress is one of the key factor responsible for occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis, a common consequence of chronic liver injury of multiple etiology. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) serves as a major regulator of a celular defense system against oxidative stress. Xiaochaihutang (XCHT), a compound of seven botanical extracts used for liver diseases traditionally in East Asia. However, few studies have investigated its anti-hepatic fibrosis effects and pathophysiological mechanism of action. The present study was designed to confirm the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects and explore its potential mechanism of action by investigating the intervention of Nrf2 pathway. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by repeated injection of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) over a period of 9 weeks. Starting from the 6th week, the animals in treatment groups were given the appropriate dose of XCHT granules and silybin. Biochemical parameters, histological changes of the liver and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined. The expressions of Nrf2, Keap1, Nqo1, HO-1, Gclc and Gclm were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS CCl4 caused a significant fibrosis damage in the rat liver and the liver functions and fibrosis degree were significantly improved by XCHT (5 g·kg- 1 and 10 g·kg- 1). XCHT (5 g·kg- 1 and 10 g·kg- 1) treatment significantly decreased the number of cells labeled with α-SMA antibodies. Moreover, XCHT (5 g·kg-1 and 10 g·kg-1) significantly increase Nqo1, HO-1, Gclc and Gclm expressions in the liver. CONCLUSION These studies establish XCHT is a potentially useful therapeutic agent for treatment of hepatic fibrosis and it might be via regulation of Nrf2 pathway in rats against oxidative stress, making further efforts to inhibiting the activated HSCs. Activation or up-regulation of Nrf2 pathway may be an alternative treatment strategy for liver fibrosis.