Objective To investigate the early neurotoxicity of rotenone on dopaminergic neurons and explore an ideal tissue model. Methods A long-term midbrain slice culture system of SD pup was established according to the interface tissue culture method.After rotenone was added for some time,its toxic effects on the whole slices and the dopaminergic neurons were identified through the measurements of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) released into the medium from the slices and dopamine(DA) content from the cultured tissue,as well as the observations of immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase(TH). Results In those cultures exposed to rotenone for 24 h,the level of DA in tissue dramatically decreased with the concentrations rising.The processes of TH-positive neurons in slices demonstrated some morphological changes,such as appearance of string of beads,reduce of numbers and even disappearance.The content of dopamine in tissue was dominantly decreased with 5 nmol/L rotenone for 14 days,although its cellular morphology was not seen to change.Conclusion Long-time stable midbrain slice culture system has been set up successfully.The neurotoxicity of rotenone on the whole slices and dopaminergic neurons shows a dose-dependent manner.The functional damages on the neurons may be earlier than their morphological changes,of which the injury in the processes of neurons seems to be an early characteristic.

Objective To investigate the relationship between obesity parameters and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in aircrew. Methods A questionnaire survey in aircrew members was performed. Outcome measurement included body height, body weight, neck circumference ( NC), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). Those with snoring during sleep and/or Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)score ≥ 9 were screened with pulse oxygen saturation test during overnight sleep. Those with oxygen saturation decrease index ≥ 10 times/h and suspected OSAHS were tested by polysomnography (PSG). The objects were then assigned to three groups: the OSAHS group,the snore group and the normal group. The relationship between obesity parameters and OSAHS was analyzed. Results There were 399 ( 37. 54% ) overweight, 36 ( 3. 39% ) obesity, 130 ( 12. 23% ) increased NC, and 354 (33.30%)increased WC in 1063 aircrew members (OSAHS group ＞ snore group ＞ normal group; P＜O. 05). The mean value of BMI, NC and WC in the three groups were dittos. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that overweight, obesity and increased WC were significantly associated with snoring (P ＜0.05) and snoring enlarged NC was significantly correlated with OSAHS (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion Increased BMI, NC and WC may be risk factors of OSAHS among aircrew. Effective prevention and treatment of OSAHS should be needed.

Objective:To establish the quality control for Yangxueyin oral liquids. Methods:TLC was applied to identify Angeli-cae Sinensis Radix and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae. The content of astragaloside A in Yangxueyin oral liquids was determined by HPLC-ELSD. A Luna C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm)column was used, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (38∶62)with the flow rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 , and the column temperature was 40℃. The temperature of the drift tube was 85℃, and the flow rate of the carrier air was 2.0 L·min-1. Results: The linear range of astragaloside A was 0.522-4.176 μg(r =0.999 8). The average recovery was 97. 9% with RSD of 1. 03% (n=6). Conclusion:The method is convenient, sensitive and accurate, which can be used in the quality control of Yangxueyin oral liquids.

Objective:To analyze the radionuclide bone imaging features of spine tumors and its clinical value.Methods and results:Data of radionuclide planar whole-body bone imaging with 99m Tc-MDP were analyzed in90patients with various spinal tumors confirmed by histopathology.In49patients with metastases,bone imaging was positive in43;37vertebra showed strong uptake;30patients involved the whole vertebra with symmetrical enlargement in18;other extravertebral bone foci were seen in29.In17patients with primary malignant bone tumors,bone imaging was positive in12;11vertebra showed strong uptake;and8involved the whole vertebra;3focal lesions had local irregular bulging;other extravertebral bone foci were seen in4.In24patients with benign bone tumors,bone imaging was positive in13;6vertebra showed strong uptake; other extravertebral bone foci were seen in1.Conclusion:Spinal metastases in bone imaging are mainly multiple,strong up-take of whole vertebra and accompanied by symmetrical enlargement with other extravertebral bone foci.Primary malignant bone tumor is mainly single or multiple,strong uptake of whole vertebra without symmetrical enlargement,some with local irregular bulging lesions. [

Objective:To detect estrogen receptor ? and ?(ER-?,ER-?) protein expression in different age of mouse thymus.Methods:Protein expression of ER-? and ER-? in thymus was analyzed via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,the relationship between ER-? and cytokeratin 18(epithelial cell marker) was further tested through fluorescence double-staining.Results:Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both ER-? and ? protein was found in nuclei of some thymocytes of 3 month mice.However,expression of ER-? was absence while ER-? was still positive in aged mice,such as 12 months and 16 months old.Double staining further confirmed that lots of ER-?/? positive cells were Foxp3 negative cells.Conclusion:Expression of ER-? is absent while ER-? is still positive in thymus of aged mice,which indicates ER-? is the critical estrogen receptor that involves in thymic involution.Moreover,ER-?/? do not participate in Treg development within thymus.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the clinical outcome of patients with iatrogenic peripheral nerve injury so as to summarize the experiences and lessons.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 72 patients with iatrogenic peripheral nerve injury treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2010.Therapy methods included conservative treatment in 24 patients,surgical release in 21 and nerve anastomosis in 27.Results All the patients were followed up for average 10 months ( range,3-24months).The neurological recovery was excellent in 24 patients,good in 21,fair in 16 and poor in 11,with excellent rate of 64％,according to the trial standard of upper limb functional assessment established by Chinese Medical Society of Hand Surgery.ConclusionsRisk awareness should be strengthened on the iatrogenic peripheral nerve injury,especially the minimally invasive treatment of fractures in recent years,which has increased the risk of nerve injury.For patients who may be presented with iatrogenic injury,we should develop a detailed preoperative surgical plan for early one stage treatment as possible.

BACKGROUND: There are pressure sensors in carotid-sinus, which are very sensitive to blood pressure regulated by ions and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. But it is yet not very clear how different ions regulate the blood pressure through pressure sensors in carotidsinus.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different ions at various concentrations outside the carotid-sinus.DESIGN: Self-control experiment.SETTING: Preclinical Experiment Center, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was accomplished in the Preclinical Experiment Center, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from December 2000 to June 2001. Totally 18 New Zealand pure strain rabbits were provided by the Aninal Experimenting Center of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. They were standard grade Ⅱ, of either gender and body mass was (2.0±0.2) kg.METHODS: The rabbits were divided into Na+, K+ and Ca2+ groups according to random numbers, and each group consisted of 6 rabbits. After anaesthesia, tracheal intubatton was performed on the rabbit, and bilateral carotid arteries were separated with carotid-sinus separated on one side and vessel intubatton performed in the other side for blood pressure measurement. Then various concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions were added outside the carotid-sinus with the pipette to make the carotid-sinus completed immersed in the ion solutions. The basal blood pressure and the peak value after ions addition were recorded respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The basal blood pressure and the peak value after ions addition.RESULTS: After Na+ (0.15, 1.5 mol/L) was added the blood pressure was(97±12), (83±17) mm Hg. It was decreased significantly compared with the basal value (106±14), (105±12) mm Hg (t=2.946, P ＜ 0.05). K+ (0.4 mol/L)decreased the blood pressure significantly [(106±12), (64±13) mm Hg, (t=13.496, P ＜ 0.01)], but other concentrations of K+ were not effective. Ca2+(0.07 mol/L) increased the blood pressure to (113±16) mm Hg compared with the basal value (103±12) mm Hg (t=-3.627, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Na+, K+ and Ca2+ regulate the blood pressure by acting on the carotid-sinus directly. High concentrations of Na+ and K+ possess the effect of decreasing the blood pressure, while high concentrations of Ca2+increases it, which may be an important mechanism of blood pressure regulation.

OBJECTIVETo clarify the related factors of marginal bone loss (MBL) around tissue level implants in the posterior part of the mandible.

METHODSA total of 116 tissue level implants were implanted in the mandibular posterior region of 76 patients. Patients' information, including general characteristics, implant characteristics, implant site characteristics, and prosthesis characteristics, was recorded. Their cone beam computed tomography data were measured immediately after implant placement, 3 months later, and 3 and 12 months after prosthesis loading. The measurement of MBL was conducted by One Volume Viewer software. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistic analysis.

RESULTSSmoking, cortical bone thickness (CBT), collum angle (CA), and implant local sanitation showed significant differences with body mass loss (P<0.05). No significant differences were found among sex, age, length of implant, diameter of implants, implant systems, bone height, prosthesis type, and MBL (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe risk factors that caused MBL were smoking, thicker CBT, larger CA, and poor implant local sanitation. Among them, poor implant local sanitation had the highest correlation with MBL.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implants ; adverse effects ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Prosthesis ; statistics & numerical data ; Oral Hygiene ; Postoperative Complications ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To detect estrogen receptor α and β(ER-α, ER-β)protein expression in different age of mouse thymus.Methods:Protein expression of ER-α and ER-β in thymus was analyzed via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,the relationship between ER-α and cytokeratin 18(epithelial cell marker)was further tested through fluorescence double-staining.Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both ER-α and β protein was found in nuclei of some thymocytes of 3 month mice.However,expression of ER-β was absence while ER-α was still positive in aged mice, such as 12 months and 16 months old.Double staining further confirmed that lots of ER-α/β positive cells were Foxp3 negative cells.Conclusion: Expression of ER-β is absent while ER-α is still positive in thymus of aged mice, which indicates ER-α is the critical estrogen receptor that involves in thymic involution.Moreover, ER-α/β do not participate in Treg development within thymus.