Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Solidago virgaurea and their pharmacological activities. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified from the plant with chromatography techniques and the chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectrascopic analyses and physicochemical properties, and the anti-inflammatory effects of obtained benzyl benzoate compounds were evaluated by ELISA. Results: Nine compounds were isolated from 90% ethanol extract of S. virgaurea and their structures were identified as 2'-methoxybenzyl-2-methoxy-6-hydroxybenzoate (1), 2'-methoxybenzyl-2, 6-dimethoxybenzoate (2), solidagobenzofuran (3), hexadecanoic acid (4), salicylic acid (5), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), solidago virgaurea glycoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (8), and rutin (9). Conclusion: Compounds 3 and 7 are new compounds; Compounds 4 and 6 are obtained from the plants of Solidago L. for the first time; Compounds 1 and 2 are isolated from this species for the first time. Anti-inflammatory studies show that compounds 1 and 2 could inhibit the TNF-α and IL-6 release of LPS-induced RAW264.7 murine monocytes, while compound 7 shows no significant inhibitory effect.

Life course epidemiology should practically illustrate how risk exposures and their dynamic changes influence the occurrence, development and prognosis of chronic diseases from early life to the elderly. This paper develops the lifespan risk exposure measurement instrument (LREMI) in the framework of retrospective study to collect lifestyle, diet, physical activity information across subjects'life courses from 18-years-old to current age. Through a pilot study, the result of the test-retest analysis demonstrated the reliability of LREMI. In Shandong Multicenter Cohort, the LREMI showed its feasibility, for it could measure the exposure spectrum on both individuals and population with different life experiences. Moreover, it had good differentiation ability for identifying cases versus controls in population-based case-control study. However, further studies should be conducted in an already available prospective cohort to ascertain that our results could match prospective data.
Environmental Exposure ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; Life Style ; Retrospective Studies

To investigate the effect of miR-331-3p on the proliferation of porcine renal epithelial cells (PK15) and its mechanism, the pcDNA 3.1(+) overexpression vector of miRNA-331-3p (pcDNA 3.1(+)-miR-331-3p) was constructed. PK15 cells were divided into four groups, including experimental group, experimental control group, inhibitor group and inhibitor control group. Experimental group and experimental control group were transfected with pcDNA 3.1(+)-miR-331-3p and pcDNA 3.1(+), respectively. Inhibitor group and inhibitor control group were transfected with miR-331-3p inhibitor and miR-331-3p negative control (miR-331-3p NC), respectively. Above all, CCK-8 reagent was used to plot the cell proliferation curve and Propidium (PI) staining was used to detect the proportion of cell stages. Secondly, its expression change were detected by quantitative real-time PCR that included the growth inhibitory protein family member 5 (ING5), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin B and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The results showed that the expression of miRNA-331-3p was significantly increased in the experimental group. The cell proliferation curve showed that the number of cells in experimental group was significantly higher than that in experimental control group or inhibitor control group at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). Simultaneously, Inhibitor group was significantly lower than experimental control group or inhibitor control group in the number of cells at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Compared with the experimental control group, the proportion of cells of experimental group in G0/G1 phase decreased, the proportion of S phase and G2/M phase increased, and the inhibitor control group showed the opposite trend. Simultaneously, the expression levels of CDK2, CDK3, CDK4 and Cyclin B genes in the experimental group were significantly increased, while ING5 and CDKN1A genes inhibiting proliferation showed a significant downward trend. These results demonstrate that the miR-331-3p overexpression vector was successfully constructed, and miR-331-3p has the ability to promote the proliferation of PK15 cells. The study lays a solid foundation for further research for its role in pig growth and development.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Genetic Vectors ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Swine

In recent years, three dimensional imaging registration has been developed rapidly in clinics. Medical image registration plays an important role in the research of orthodontic image processing field. In this study, we Introduce the applications of CT registration on several clinical cases. After the registration of the pre- and post-treatment CT data, the position changes of teeth and the modeling of alveolar bone and the adaptive changes of soft tissue can be assessed precisely respectively. The three dimensional registration provides us a new and precise method to study the outcome and mechanism of orthodontics. And more studies of three dimensional registration should be performed to promote three dimensional oral medical assessment researches.
Bone and Bones ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Orthodontics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDThe efficacies of current treatments for invasive aspergillus (IA) are unsatisfactory and new therapeutic targets or regimens to treat IA are urgently needed. Previous studies have indicated that the ability of conidia to invade host cells is critical in IA development and fibronectin has a hand in the conidia adherence process. In the clinical setting, many patients who receive glucocorticoid for extended periods are susceptible to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) infection, for this reason we investigated the effect of glucocorticoid on conidia invasiveness by comparing the invasiveness of A. fumigatus conidia in the type II human alveolar cell line (A549) cultured with different concentrations of dexamethasone. We also explored the relationships between dexamethasone and fibronectin expression.

METHODSFollowing culture with anti-fibronectin antibodies and/or dexamethasone, type II human alveolar A549 cells were infected with conidia of A. fumigatus. After 4 hours, the extracellular free conidia were washed away and the remaining immobilized conidia were released using Triton-X 100 and quantified by counting the colony-forming units. The invasiveness of conidia was measured by calculating the invasion rate (%). The transcription of the fibronectin gene in cells cultured with different concentrations of dexamethasone for 24 hours was tested by fluorogenic quantitative RT-PCR while the expression of fibronectinin cells cultured for 48 hours was tested by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSA significant reduction in the invasiveness of conidia was seen in the cells cultured with anti-fibronectin antibody ((14.42 ± 1.68)% vs. (19.17 ± 2.53)%, P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in cells cultured with a combination of anti-fibronectin antibody and dexamethasone (6.37 ± 10(-5) mol/L). There was no correlation between the dexamethasone concentration and the invasiveness of conidia after dexamethasone pretreatment of cells for 4 hours. In contrast, after pretreated for 24 hours, the invasiveness of conidia in the presence of 6.37×10(-5) mol/L dexamethasone ((24.66 ± 2.41)%) was higher than for the control ((19.17 ± 2.53)%) and the 0.25×10(-5) mol/L group ((19.93 ± 3.06)%), and the invasiveness in the 1.27×10(-5) mol/L group ((22.47 ± 2.46)%) was also higher than in the control, P < 0.05. The relative transcripts of the fibronectin gene after exposure to 6.37×10(-5) mol/L dexamethasone (9.19×10(-3)±1.2×10(-3)) was higher than for the control (4.61×10(-3)± 1.54×10(-3)) and the 0.25×10(-5) mol/L group (6.20×10(-3)± 1.93×10(-3)), and expression in the 1.27×10(-5) mol/L group (7.94×10(-3)± 2.24×10(-3)) was also higher than for the control, P < 0.05. High concentrations of dexamethasone promoted fibronectin production after culture for 48 hours.

CONCLUSIONSDexamethasone can increase invasiveness of A. fumigatus conidia by promoting fibronectin expression. This may partially explain why patients who are given large doses of glucocorticoids for extended periods are more susceptible to A. fumigatus infection.

Aspergillus fumigatus ; pathogenicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Fibronectins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans

Objective::To discuss the effect of Feiyiliu mixture as an adjuvant method for chemotherapy and immune support on progression-free survival (PFS) and survival rate of patients with Ⅲb and Ⅳ stage squamous cell carcinoma of lung (SQCC), and to investigate its intervention effect on tumor markers and cytokines in peripheral blood. Method::One hundred and thirty-two patients were randomly divided into control group (66 cases) and observation group (66 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group received programme of gemcitabine hydrochloride combined with cisplatin (alternative paclitaxel combined with cisplatin) and they also got thymopolypeptides for injection, while the patients in observation group received Feiyiliu mixture, with a treatment course of 4 cycles in both groups. PFS and 12 months' survival rate were recorded during follow-up. Scores of European quality of life collaboration cancer core scale (EORTC QLQ-C30) were graded before and after treatment. Levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺ /CD8⁺, cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected, and size of solid tumor was evaluated before and after treatment. Result::Clinical remission rate of solid tumor was (35/66)53.03% in observation group, higher than(23/66) 34.85% in control group (χ²=4.286, P<0.05). PFS in observation group was 9.8 months (95% CI, 4.58-22.37), more than 5.7 months in control group (95% CI, 4.69-20.41) (P<0.05). 12 months’ survival rate was 45.45% (30/36) in observation group, more than 27.27% (18/48) in control group (χ²=4.714, P<0.05). Scores of physical function, social function and overall quality of life in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01), and scores of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, constipation and diarrhea were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), while levels of CD8⁺, CYFRA21-1, SCC, CA125, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion::Adjuvant Feiyiliu mixture combined with chemotherapy and immune support can prolong PFS, improve survival rate, stabilize immune function, improve quality of life, inhibit the expression of cytokines such as CYFRA21-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, and improve prognosis for patients with Ⅲb and Ⅳ stage SQCC. Therefore, it is worth further study and use