Objective To study the anatomical characteristics of the stellate ganglion (SG) for providing morphological data for SG block. Methods The shape, size, position, and relation of 30 cases of SG in 15 adult cadavers were observed and measured. Results Most of the SG was stellate-shaped. The average volume of the stellate ganglion was (0.86?0.07)cm3. The position of the SG could be localized according to the adjacent bone or muscle marks, and the shortest distance was between the SG and the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebrae. There were many important structures around the SG, in which the vertebral artery was closely related to the SG. Conclusion During performance of the SG block, the surface projection, puncture point, and medication dosage could be judged on the basis of these quantitative anatomic data.

Objective To investigate the bilateral flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery (BA-FMD) and nitroglycerin mediated dilation (BA-NMD) in patients with cerebral infarct, and to find out if the vasodilation of internal catotid artery after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin can be detected as a more direct way to reflect the vasodilation in patients with cerebral vascular diseases. Methods High resolution ultrasonic system was used to measure 13 patients with acute cerebral infarction. The diameter of brachial artery, internal carotid artery and common carotid artery was measured at relaxation, reactive congestion in the brachial artery and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. Meanwhile, the intima media thickness (IMT) and plaques of carotid artery was detected. Results Paralysis did not lead to differences in vasodilation of brachial artery (r=0.52, P=0.07). There was a correlation between ICA-NMD and BA-NMD (r=0.83, P=0.01). Conclusion There were no significant differences between brachial vasodilation in paretic and non-paretic limbs of patients with acute cerebral infarction. Ultrasonic measurement of ICA-NMD can be a more direct measure of the vasodilation of patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic periodontitis on heart attack and stability of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Number of missed teeth was recorded and periodontal index evaluated in 266 patients with CAD, including 72 cases of acute mycocardial infarction (AMI sub-group), 91 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP sub-group) and 103 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP sub- group ), and 266 healthy controls. Comparison was made between the both groups and between each sub-group and controls. Results Periodontal index in CAD group was higher than that in control group ( P 0.05). Conclusions Chronic periodontitis can affect heart attack and stability of CAD, which may be an independent risk factor for CAD.

Adenocarcinoma ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To explore the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and the mRNA expression level of Notch1 and Hes1 related Notch signaling pathway from neonatal rats in vitro. Methods NSCs from neonatal rats were cultured by serum-free culture method in vitro. Cells were divided into four groups: control group (Hcy-C), low dose Hcy (Hcy-L) group, middle dose Hcy (Hcy-M) group and high dose Hcy (Hcy-H) group. NSCs were iden- tified by immunofluorescent staining using the antibodies against Nestin, β-tubulin Ⅲ and GFAP. The proliferation ability of NSCs was detected by MTT. The mRNA expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 were detected by Real-time PCR. Results In the serum free suspension medium, neurospheres that consisted of a great number of nestin-positive cells were found. β-tu- bulin Ⅲ positive neurons and GFAP positive astrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence staining on the 6 th day of cell induction. MTT assay showed that the cell viability was significantly lower in three Hcy treatment groups than those of con- trol group (P ＜ 0.05). And the effect of concentration-dependent was observed. The results of RT-PCR showed that mRNA expression of Hes1 was significantly lower in three Hcy treatment groups than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05). The mRNA ex- pression of Notch1 was significantly lower in Hcy-H group than that of other three groups (P ＜ 0.05). The mRNA expression of Notch1 was significantly lower in Hcy-M group than that of Hcy-L group and control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Hcy could inhibit the proliferation of NSCs by down-regulating mRNA expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1 genes related to Notch signal pathway.

Purpose:The efficacy of evaluation of changes of tumoral uptake of 3'-deoxy-3'-[~(18)F] fluorothymidine (FLT) was comparatively analyzed with that of ~(18)F-FDG at early stage after anticancer chemotherapy.Materials and Methods:Cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma were incubated with cisplatin (CDDP),5-fluorouracil(5-FU),doxorubicin (Dox),for 1,4,24 and 72h.The doses(CD-DP: 67 μM; 5-FU 1,540 μM;MTX: 440 μM;) were determined corresponding to a estimated 10% - 95% proliferation inhibition.The cells were allowed to recover before FLT or FDG being added into the culture media for 60 min.Cell counts,viability,estimated by MTT method,were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy.Results: FLT uptake was increased significantly at 1 and 4 h after treatment with 5-FU( 145 ± 12%,150 ± 14%,P <0.01).decreased at 24 h and 72 h.In contrast,FLT accumulation was significantly reduced at cytostatic concentrations of CDDP at different time.The uptake of FDG did not change significantly at early time points after treatment,but decreased at 72 h.Conclusion: The tumor cell uptake of FLT revealed specific changes depending on the auti-cancer drug used at much earlier time than FDG after chemotherpay.

To observe the effects of diabetogenic (high fat high sucrose, lacking choleserol) diet on atherogenesis in New Zealand white rabbits. Two groups of New Zealand white rabbits received regular rabbit chow (the normal control), or high fat high sucrose diet for 4 months. The levels of plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose were investigated, the areas of fatty streak of the aortae were measured after staining with Sodan IV, and the aortic, coronary specimens were observed with light and electron microscopies. The plasma glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were increased significantly by high fat high sucrose feeding. At the end of 4 months, the early charateristics of atherosclerosis were present in the animals' vascular specimens. Our findings suggest that high fat high sucrose feeding can induce hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis in New Zealand white rabbits, and this could be a potential animal model for studying the mechanisms of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. This study raised a question: What is the mechanism by which high fat high sucrose feeding induces atherosclerosis?. The related hypothesis was given in this article.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term efficacy of nasal endoscopic opticnerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy(TON) and to explore its possible influencing factors. METHOD: To summarize the clinical data of 39 cases underwent transnasal decompression, which were followed-up for more than 1 year. The data, including optic canal CT scanning, flashed-elicited visual-evoked potential (FVEP), preoperational vision and visual field examination were reviewed. Nasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression was preformed. Whether or not optic nerve sheath incision decided to perform was according to preoperative CT and situations in operation. Postoperative follow-up including vision, visual field, funduscopy, nasal endoscopy were performed. RESULT: Total efficacy rate was 30. 77% (12/39), inefficacy rate was 69. 23%(27/39). The efficacy rate was 85. 71% with better than nolight perception, and the efficacy rate was 18. 75% with nolight perception, the clinical effect in the group of preoperative better than nolight perception was better than that of nolight perception, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The efficacy rate was 34. 38% with duration of less than 7 days from the traumatic point to the operation point, and the efficacy rate was 14. 29% for more than 7 days, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0. 05). The efficacy rate was 26. 32% with optic nerve sheathincision, while the efficacy rate was 35. 00% without optic nerve sheath incision, and there was no statistically significant difference (P>0. 05); Postoperative vision tended to stabilize until about 6 months post-operation, without complications. CONCLUSION The long-term efficacy of nasal endoscopic opticnerve decompression for TON was certain; The efficacy with preoperative residual vision was better than that of nolight perception, the factor of long or short duration from the trauma point to the operation point and the factor of optic nerve sheath incision didn't influence long curative effect. To avoid the secondary damage to the optic nerve after trauma was the key to increase long curative effect in TON.
Decompression, Surgical ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Nose ; surgery ; Optic Nerve ; surgery ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of petroleum ether (60-90 ℃),ethyl acetate,ethanol and pyridineas residual organic solvents in imatinib mesylate API. Methods Capillary gas chromatography was adopted.The determination was performed on DB-WAX capillary column with FID detector.The injector temperature was 180 ℃and the temperature of FID was 200 ℃ by temperature programming with nitrogen serving as carrier gas at a flow rate of 5 mL·min-1.The injection volume was 1 μL.With N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) serving as solvent,four kinds of organic solvent residues in the samples were calculated by external standard method. Results The four kinds of organic solvent were completely separated under the established chromatographic condition.A good linearity was obtained in the concentration ranges of them (r=0.999 8-0.999 9).The sampling precisions (RSDs) were less than 2.0%(n=5).The average recovery rates of ethyl acetate,ethanol and pyridine were 97%-101%and that of petroleum ether was 88.7%(RSD<2.0%,n=5).The limits of detection for them were 0.58,0.42,0.18 and 0.61 ng respectively(S/N=3:1).The limits of quantification for them were 1.8,2.1,0.5 and 2.5 ng,respectively (S/N=10:1). Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and reliable.