Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; etiology ; Tricuspid Valve Prolapse ; congenital

As the main part of the teaching activities,students play an important role in the teaching reform.The students were trained through 3 pathways,“Extending teaching activities from the classroom to the outside”,“Development from basic to clinical knoledge” and “Culturing students' innovative consciousness”,so as to allow them to give full play in teaching reform,to enhance their ability of practice and learning by themselves,to culture their innovative consciousness and to develop students' leading functions in the anatomy teaching reform.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the rule of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression in acute ischemic brain edema, and to study the correlation between AQP4 expression and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

METHODSThirty-six Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups randomly, control group (n = 12) and operation group (n = 24) in which right middle cerebral artery of each animal had been occluded unilaterally (MCAO) at interval times of: 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours, respectively. The operation process of the control group was the same as the operation group except for the MCAO. All groups were examined using DWI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relative density (rd) and relative area (rs) of the biggest hyperintensity signal layer on DWI were measured. After that the animals were sacrificed and perfused with the mixture solution consisting of TTC. The biggest layers of the ischemic cerebral tissues in each rat corresponding to the DWI were stained with TTC and examined with immunochemistry (DeltaS), in situ hybridization (alpha) and histology.

RESULTSThere was no significant change in the control group. In the operation group, a hyperintensity signal was found in the DWI of the right MAC territory at 15 minutes after MCAO. The ADC value decreased quickly within one hour after MCAO, while the AQP4 expression, rd-DWI and rs-DWI increased rapidly during this stage. As time progressed, the ADC value decreased further to (2.1 +/- 0.6) x 10(-4) mm(2)/s at 3 hours, and then began to increase slowly till 24 hours. But the AQP4 expression (DeltaS and alpha) and rd as well as the rs continuously increased slowly between 1 hour and 6 hours after MCAO, followed a peak after 6 hours. The AQP4 expression (alpha) showed a positive relationship with the rs-DWI, they all presented two peaks and a plateau. The corresponding sequential pathologic changes were a gradual increase of intracellular edema (within one hour), then an emergence of vasogenic edema (1-6 hours), and final necrosis and liquefaction (6 - 24 hours).

CONCLUSIONSUpregulated expression of AQP4 may play a significant role in acute ischemic brain edema, especially during the stages of intracellular edema and necrosis, but it has no correlation to vasogenic edema. Certainly, the high expression of AQP4 is perhaps one of the most important reasons of the decrease of ADC and hyperintensity on the DWI in the intracellular edema.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Aquaporin 4 ; Aquaporins ; analysis ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of anti-tumor drugs. Evodiamine is the main alkaloid component of the traditional Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu, and it has weak antitumor activity. In recent years, a number of highly active antitumor candidates have been discovered with a significant progress. This article reviews the research progress of evodiamine-based antitumor drug design strategies, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs with natural products as leads.

Adolescent ; Apolipoproteins E ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; complications ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; blood supply ; pathology ; Male ; Thrombosis ; pathology

Fifteen cassaen-type diterpenes were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of the seeds of C. minax through various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as pulcherralpin (1), caesalpinin ML (2), chamaetexane C (3), chamaetexane D (4), 6β, 18-diacetoxycassan-13, 15-diene (5), neocaesalpin K (6), neocaesalpin MP (7), neocaesalpin M (8), neocaesalpin Q (9), neocaesalpin P (10), neocaesalpin R (11), caesaldekarin D (12), caesaldekarin A (13), caesaldekarin b (14), 3β,6α-diacetoxyvouacapane (15). Among them, compounds 14, 9-11 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Caesalpinia ; chemistry ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Illicium brevistylum A.C.Smith and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The n-BuOH fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from I.brevistylum was isolated and purified by silica,ODS and Sephadex LH-20,the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.Then their anti-inflammatory activities were screened.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (7S,8R)-3,3',5-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolignan-4,9,9'-triol (1),methylabieta-8,11,13,15-tetraen-18-oate (2),majusanin A (3),pubeside C (4),(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5),junipercomnoside D (6),lyoniside (7),nudiposide (8),rhyncoside A (9).The inhibition rates of compounds 2,6,9 on NF-κB were 47.81％,37.33％,33.37％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,7-9 are isolated from genus Illicium for the first time,and compounds 2,6,9 exhibit good anti-inflammatory activities.

BACKGROUNDA new lacunar infarction model was recently established in beagle dogs through proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion by thrombus. This study aimed to characterize the model by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate its potential role for the future stroke research.

METHODSThe left proximal MCA was embolized with an autologous thrombus in six beagles. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were performed every half hour during the first six hours after occlusion, followed by three time points at 12 hours, 24 hours, and one week. Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were carried out at six hours, 24 hours and one week. The PWI-DWI mismatch ratio was defined as (PWI-DWI)/DWI ischemic volume.

RESULTSLacunar infarcts induced by MCA occlusion were located in the left caudate nucleus and internal capsule. All the lesions could be detected within two hours by DWI. Lesion volume on DWI increased in a time dependent manner, from (87.19 ± 67.16) mm(3) at one hour up to (368.98 ± 217.05) mm(3) at 24 hours (P = 0.009), while that on PWI gradually decreased from (7315.00 ± 2054.38) mm(3) at six hours to (4900.33 ± 1319.71) mm(3) at 24 hours and (3334.33 ± 1195.11) mm(3) at one week (P = 0.002). The mismatch ratio was 41.93 ± 22.75 at six hours after ischemia, showing "extensive mismatch", and decreased to 18.10 ± 13.74 at 24 hours (P = 0.002). No MCA recanalization was observed within 24 hours after MCA occlusion.

CONCLUSIONSLacunar infarction induced by proximal MCA occlusion could be detected early by DWI and was characterized by extensive PWI-DWI mismatch. Multimodal MRI is useful to demonstrate the natural evolution of PWI-DWI mismatch. This ischemic model could be further used for investigating early thrombolysis in lacunar stroke showing extensive mismatch.

Animals ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Dogs ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; complications ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; methods ; Male ; Stroke, Lacunar ; diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Although the pathogenesis of vitiligo isn't fully understood, a recent study demonstrates that oxidative stress plays an important role to induce vitiligo. Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is a novel peroxidase family to remove hydrogen peroxide using thioredoxin system, which is consisted of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NADPH. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the change of expression of Prx I to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. METHODS: Sample specimens were obtained from the lesional skin of vitiligo patients, and non-depigmented skin was obtained from the perilesional area as control samples. The skin samples were immediately frozen using liquid nitrogen, and then section samples were prepared to perform immunohistochemical staining with antibodies for Prx I. Some of the skin biopsy samples were used for primary culture of keratinocytes. Protein extracts from the expanded keratinocytes were prepared for Western blot analysis of Prx I. RESULTS: In vitiligo, the ubiquitous expression of Prx I in all layers of epidermis, which was also observed in the normal perilesional skin, was reduced in the depigmented lesion of vitiligo patients. The reduction of Prx I was remarkable from the lesions which were exposed to sunlight. Consistently, Prx I expression from the lesional keratinocytes were noticeably reduced in comparison with that from perilesional keratinocytes. CONCLUSION: Our results showing that Prx I is impaired in the epidermis of depigmented lesions of vitiligo patients suggest that oxidative stress is an important factor to induce vitiligo.
Antibodies ; Biopsy ; Blotting, Western ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Keratinocytes ; Nitrogen ; Oxidative Stress ; Peroxidase ; Peroxiredoxins ; Skin ; Sunlight ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase ; Thioredoxins ; Vitiligo

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) in frontal cortex, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in rats with brain injury induced by LPS and to elucidate its significance.

METHODSSeventy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into LPS (n = 60, with injection of 0.1 mg/kg LPS into cistern) and control (C, n = 10, with injection of equal volume of isotonic saline into cistern) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The plasma, CSF as well as frontal cortex from sacrificed rats were collected in LPS group at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 post injection hour (PIH), with 10 rats at each time point. The protein expression of Ngb was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Expression of Ngb in frontal cortex was determined by SP. Water content of frontal cortex was assessed by drying method. The correlation among Ngb contents in serum, CSF, frontal cortex and water content of frontal cortex was analyzed with multiple comparison.

RESULTSNgb expression (by ELISA): Ngb expression of frontal cortex, CSF, and serum in LPS group was higher than that in C group at each time point, and it peaked at48 PBH (35.4 +/- 3.9, 22.7 +/- 3.1, 14.4 +/- 2.8 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.01). Ngb expression (by Western blot): Ngb protein with relative molecular mass of 17 x 10(3) was observed in each group. Ngb expression detected by Western blot was similar to that detected by ELISA. Brain water content was significantly greater in LPS group than that of C group at 6-72 PIH (P < 0.01), and it peaked at 48 PBH (83.3 +/- 1.9)%. Ngb contents in serum, CSF, frontal cortex, and water content of frontal cortex were positively correlated with multiple comparison ( y = 0.631-0.719, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSUp-regulation of Ngb expression in brain injury induced by LPS is correlated with duration after challenge of LPS.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Globins ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Up-Regulation