Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) is a very powerful method to understand the mechanism of brain function with non-invasive localization, high spatial and temporal resolution. The essential fMRI technique is blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD-fMRI). Basic principles and methodological applications of BOLD-fMRI are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala japonica. Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel, ODS, and macroporous resin column chromatography and their structures were determined by means of spectral analysis. Results Eight compounds were isolated and characterized as ?-D-(3-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranosyl-?-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)-glucopyranoside (Ⅰ), arillatose A (Ⅱ), sibiricose A_5 (Ⅲ), sibiricose A_6 (Ⅳ), neolancerin (Ⅴ), polygalaxanthone Ⅲ (Ⅵ), sibiricaxanthone A (Ⅶ) and polygalatol (Ⅷ). Conclusion These compounds are extracted from this plant for the first time. Compound Ⅴ is obtained from natural products for the first time.

Eighteen adult rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: normal, control and experimental group. The model of global cerebral ischemia was produced by four-vessel occulsion. The cerebral temporal cortex samples were collected to determine volume of the water, LPO and Ca~(2+) concentration,SOD activity,and pathologic examinations of the cortex were made by optical and electronic microscope. The results showed that fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) reduced the water content and intracellular Ca~(2+)level, restrained the LPO production, enhanced the SOD activity of the brain. It is concluded that FDP protects cerebral biological membrane to a certain degree from ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Purpose To observe the effect of Anti-c-myc on the apoptosis of HL60 cells and leukemicpatients' leukocytes. Methods HL60 cells and leukemic patients, leukocytes were treated with anti-c-mycoligomer-5' d(CTT CTC GAG GCA GGA GGG)3'-complementary to the transcriptional initiation of c-mycmRNA. After 10 hours, we detected the apoptosis by several methods: DNA agarose gel electropboresis,ELISA(enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay), Flow Cytometric Analysis, and Accounting the number ofapoptotic cells after stained with Wright' s. Results The apoptosis of HL60 cells were induced by theanti-c-myc oligomer, and the induction of apoptosis was dose-dependent, i. e. more HL60 cells vereapoptotic as we treated them with higher dose of the antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Furthermore, the antic-myc oligomer also induced the apoptosis of leukemic patients, leukocytes, but had no effect on theapoptosis of normal leukocytes. Conclusions These results imply that we can treat acute myeloidleukemia with the anti-c-myc oligomer through apoptosis-inducing, and it has good specificity. This studyprovides basis for leukemia treatment.

Application ofmolecular diagnostic technique has shown greatpotential and technical advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .It can be used toscreening , diagnosis , treatment and prognostic evaluation of CVD disease .Early screening helps to notice the risk of the disease, make us take appropriate measures to reduce the health care costs and improve outcomes .To achieve the highest diagnostic efficiency by applying different molecular diagnostic strategies in different diseases.In term of treatment, molecular diagnostic technologies are mainly used in the drug discovery , personalized drug therapy and treatment options; In addition, prognostic assessment of CVD is also an important development direction of molecular diagnostic technique .However, there are severe challenges remained in applying molecular diagnostic techniques in CVD disease , such as the basic andclinicalapplication research and the quality control , etc.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of related substances in Vildagliptin tablets. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Xterra MS C18 column with mobile phase consisted of [phosphate buffer-water-acetonitrie-methanol(400 : 600 : 15 : 15,V/V/V/V)]-[phosphate buffer-acetonitrile-methanol(400 : 450 : 150,V/V/V)](gra-dient elution)at the flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 18.80-188.0 μg/mL for impurity A(r=0.9995),22.64-226.4 μg/mL for impurity B(r=0.9996),21.74-217.4 μg/mL for impurity C(r=0.9997),19.12-191.2 μg/mL for impurity D(r=0.9998). The limits of detection were 4.18,2.68,1.12,1.34 μg/mL,respectively;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;the recoveries of impurity A,B,C and D were 97.9%-103.1%(RSD=2.01%,n=9),98.8%-104.1%(RSD=1.93%,n=9),98.0%-103.6%(RSD=1.81%,n=9),100.8%-104.1%(RSD=0.98%,n=9),respectively. CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the determination of related substances in Vildagliptin tablets.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of the related substances in ticagrelor tablets. Methods:An op-timal HPLC method was set up and a Hypersil BDS C18 column (200 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) was adopted. The mobile phase A was wa-ter (pH was adjusted to 3. 0 by phosphoric acid) and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml ·min-1 , and the detection wavelength was set at 255 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and the volume of injection was 5 μl. Results:The resolutions between ticagrelor and the adjacent impurity ( impurity E) , and between ticagrelor and the known impurities were all greater than 1. 5. Impurity A-H all had a good linear relationship within the range of 2. 0-20. 0 μg·ml-1(r>0. 996 0). The average recovery was 99. 8%, 98. 1%, 96. 5%, 101. 2%, 99. 3%, 100. 7%, 102. 1% and 103. 4% with RSD of 1. 02%, 0. 88%, 1. 13%, 0. 56%, 0. 79%, 1. 11%, 0. 63% and 1. 39%, respectively(n=9). Conclusion:The method is reproducible and accurate in the determination of the related substances in ticagrelor tables.

Anorexia of aging is one of the common clinical geriatric syndrome in clinic, characterized by the persistent and significant decreasing of appetite and/or by reducing a food intake in the elderly, which can cause various adverse consequences and increase the morbidity and mortality.However, clinicians have insufficient understanding of anorexia in the elderly, and often regard the anorexia of aging as the normal phenomenon of aging and might ignore it.This article reviews the domestic and foreign relevant literatures on anorexia of aging.

By analyzing the experiences and lessons of expanding the patients' sources, promoting new technologies, developing equipments,enhancing the patients with special social status, disseminating Chinese culture and other aspects in medical foreign aid, the view that five combinations should be conducted was concluded to develop rehabilitation medicine effectively in Africa. Which were: the integration of the daily workload improving and the technical structure optimizing, the combination of the own advantages exerting and the actual local conditions considering, the linking of the medical knowledge disseminating and the core technologies leading, the unity of the fair share of things accomplishing and the social image shaping and the association of the masses of the people serving with close ties to senior.

It is significant for theory and application to study on marine microbial exopolysaccharides with differential structures and activities endowed by the specific marine environment.The recent progress of the research on the structures and bioactivities of marine microbial ex- opolysaccharides was reviewed,and the prospect of the research and development of the marine microbial exopolysaecharides was also expec- ted.