Various column chromatography, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from Cinnamomum cassia. The structures were determined on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data analysis, together with the comparison with literature data. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the 85% aqueous ethanol extract of C. cassia, and their structures were identified as (2R, 3R)-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavan-3-ol( 1), (2R, 3R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol (2), coumarin (3), cinnamic acid (4), (E)-2-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid cinnamoyl ester (5), 3, 3', 4, 4'-tetrahydroxy biphenyl (6), methylstictic acid (7), epi-boscialin (8), (1R,2S,3S,4S)-2,3-epoxy-1, 4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-5-cyelohexene (9), 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl cyclohex-2-enone (10), cis-4-hydroxymellein (11), and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyl-cinnamaldehyde (12). Compounds 5-11 were obtained from this genus plants for the first time.
Cinnamomum aromaticum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

Objective To explore the efficacy and feasibility of suprapubic cystostomy combined with transurethral vapor resection of the prostate(TUVRP)for large benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Method Twenty-eight cases with large BPH were treated with suprapubic cystostomy combined with TUVRP and the clinical data was analyzed retrospectively.Results After operation,all patients had normal urination,followed up for 6 months,the international prostatic symptom score was decreased from(24.2 ±4.8)scores to(9.8 ±2.6)scores,the maximal uroflow rate was increased from(6.2 ±2.1)ml/s to(14.8 ±2.9)ml/s,the residual urine was decreased from(108.0 ± 37.1)ml to(20.2 ± 7.6)ml,there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Complications were found in 3 cases,2 cases were transurethral resection of prostate syndrome,I case was secondary bleeding.Conclusion Suprapubic cystostomy combined with TUVRP is a safe,less complication,effective and feasible method for large BPH with proficient skill.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of different imaging techniques in congenital esophageal atresia and tra-cheoesophageal fistula.Methods Imaging findinfs of 34 infants with congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula were retrospectively analyzed.34 infants undertook X-ray and esophageal imaging,and 1 7 infants also undertook CT examination.Results Based on Gross classification,there were 2,32,9 and 23 cases for type I,Ⅲ,Ⅲa and Ⅲb,respectively.Coexistence of other de-formity was observed in 10 cases.Plain chest and abdomen X-ray film showed gastric pneumatosis in 32 cases,varied degrees of pneumonia in 25 cases and right upper pulmonary atelectasis in 3 cases.Esophagography showed a cecum in upper esophageal in 34 cases,distal tracheoesophageal fistula in one case.CT examination indicated distal tracheoesophageal fistula and orificium fistulae in 14 cases.Conclusion Combination of X-ray and CT imaging results with clinical symptoms can aid early detection and typing of con-genital esophageal atresia,furthermore provides guidance for operation and finally improves the survival rate of infants.

Objective To evaluate the effect of wild feces detection in Oncomelania hupensis environments on the surveil?lance of infection source of schistosomiasis,and find the weakness in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province,so as to put for?ward the targeted strategies and measures. Methods Four environments with O. hupensis snails in endemic areas of Hubei Provinces,where human and livestock often haunted,were selected according to the river systems,namely the Juzhanghe River beach in Jingzhou City,Changjiang River beach in Jiayu County,Hanbei River beach in Tianmen City,and Changshou River beach in Zhongxiang City,then the snail survey and wild feces detection were implemented in the selected environments. Re?sults There were O. hupensis snails,livestock,wild feces of cattle or sheep as well as positive cattle feces found in all the 4 environments,and the positive rate of schistosome miracidium incubation was 47.62%. Conclusion The schistosome miracidi?um positive rate of wild feces of cattle is high in the environments with snails in endemic areas of Hubei Province ,which has high risk for schistosomiasis transmission.

Objective To investigate the water infectivity in key water regions,and analyze the transmission risk of schisto-somiasis in suspicious and high-risk environments in Hubei Province in 2016. Methods Schistosome-endemic areas of the Yangtze River,the Hanbei River and the Fu River were chosen as the surveillance and forecast sites. The water infectivity was detected by using the sentinel mice during the flood season. The infection status of residents in the villages around the surveil-lance sites and the activities of human beings and domestic animals were surveyed. The emergency response system was initiated when the water infectivity areas were detected. Results From May to June,among the ten surveillance sites of the first batch, two positive spots with infected mice were found,accounting for 20％. All the recovered mice(totally 200)were dissected:five mice were infected,with a total infection rate of 2.5％. Totally five schistosome adult worms were collected,with mean worm bur-den of 1 worm per infected mouse. The site with cercariae-infected water body started the emergency response and no epidemic occurred. From August to September,among the eight surveillance sites of the second batch,the recovered mice(totally 160) were dissected,and no infected sentinel mice were found. Conclusion The sentinel mice method plays an important role in an-alyzing the schistosomiasis transmission risk in Hubei Province.

Objective To explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?) in the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under anoxia.Methods HIF-1? and TERT mRNA in the PASMCs were examined by RT-PCR with the presence of HIF-1? inducers (CoCl_2,DFX),inhibitor (FAS,CBZ-LLL) and oligodeoxynucleotides,or under anoxia.HIF-1? protein in the PASMCs was determined by Western blotting.Results Expressions of HIF-1? and TERT mRNA significantly up-regulated under anoxia (0.59?0.07,0.60?0.06) compared with that in control group ( 0.11? 0.02,0.1?0.01,P0.05).Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides invalidated CoCl_2-induced increase in TERT mRNA levels (0.45?0.04) compared with CoCl_2 group (0.95?0.08,P

Objective To investigate the role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) in non-IgE mediated activation of mast cells (MCs) by in vitro co-culture of laboratory of allergic disease 2 (LAD2) cells and SEB.Methods The LAD2 cells were incubated with SEB at different concentrations of 0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100 μg/ml,A23187 positive control and negative control separately for 30 minutes.Then,effects of SEB on the morphology of MCs were observed by using a light microscope,and culture supernatants of the above incubation systems were collected.The concentration of tryptase released from MCs was analyzed by enzymatic activity assay,and the level of histamine was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results After 30-minute co-culture of LAD2 cells and SEB,MCs showed larger size,obscure boundaries,increased number of protuberances on the cell surface and decreased refractivity,with a radial burr fin-like appearance.After 30-minute co-culture of LAD2 cells and SEB at different concentrations of 0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100 μg/ml,the concentrations of tryptase in the culture supematants were 4.116 ± 0.651,5.344 ± 0.874,3.806 ± 0.459,1.309 ± 0.247,0.310 ± 0.199 ng/ml respectively.Additionally,the tryptase levels were significantly higher in the 0.01-,0.1-,1-μg/ml SEB groups than in the negative control group(1.538 ± 0.490,all P ＜ 0.05),and gradually decreased along with the increase of SEB concentrations.The histamine levels in the 0.01-,0.1-,1-,10-and 100-μg/ml SEB groups were 242.409 ± 63.915,522.491 ± 73.466,550.926 ± 84.466,334.397 ± 33.640,226.527 ± 5.678 ng/ml respectively.In the 0.01-,0.1-,1-μg/ml SEB groups,the levels of histamine released from MCs were gradually increased along with the increase of SEB concentrations,and were significantly higher than those in the negative control group (146.436 ± 3.100,all P ＜ 0.05).However,with the continued increase of SEB concentrations,the histamine levels gradually decreased.Conclusion SEB can directly activate MCs by a non-IgE mediated mechanism,followed by morphologic changes of MCs and release of tryptase and histamine.

Objective To investigate the effect of remifentanil preconditioning on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury to human hepatocytes.Methods Human HL7702 hepatocytes were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 6 groups (n =16 each):control group (group C),H/R group,preconditioning with low,median and high concentrations of remifentanil groups (groups RP1-3) and normal saline group (group NS).H/R was produced by 8 h exposure of cells to 94％ N2-5％ CO2-1％ O2 in glucose-free DMEM liquid culture medium followed by 4 h reoxygenation.Remifentanil with the final concentrations of 0.5,5.0 and 50.0 ng/ml were added before hypoxia in groups RP1-3 respectively.Normal saline equal to the volume of remifentanil was added before hypoxia,the culture medium was replaced with glucose-free DMEM liquid culture medium 1 b later and H/R was produced in group NS.At 4 h of reoxygenation,the cell viability was measured by MTT,and activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate amino transferase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the cells were determined.The cell morphology was also examined.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the activities of AST,ALT and LDH in the culture medium and MDA content in the cells were significantly increased in the other groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with groups H/R and NS,the cell viability was significantly increased,the activities of AST and LDH in the culture medium and MDA content in the cells were significantly decreased in group RP2 (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in groups RP1 and RP3 (P ＞ 0.05).The degree of damage to the hepatocytes was significantly reduced in group H/R compared with group RP2,and comparable in groups H/R,RP1 and RP3.Conclusion Preconditioning with the median concentration of remifentanil (5 ng/ml) can reduce H/ R injury to the human hepatocytes,while the low (0.5 ng/ml) or high (50 ng/ml) concentration of remifentanil has no such effect.

Objective To obtain reasonable treatment by urodynamic detection and analysis in patients with diabetic cystopathy (DCP) complicated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Sixty patients with DCP complicated with BPH were selected,among the total 32 patients (duration of diabetes ＞ 12 years,blood glucose control was not ideal) were recognized as experimental group,and 28 patients (duration of diabetes ≤ 8 years,blood glucose control was stable) were recognized as control group.Using the Laborie UDS-120XLT urodynamic detection instrument,the urodynamic was detected and the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was evaluate,and the results were compared between the 2 groups.Results There was no statistical difference in residual urine volume between experimental group and control group [(146 ±71) ml vs.(160 ±64) ml,P ＞0.05].The maximum urinary flow-rate in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group [(5.4 ± 2.0) ml/s vs.(8.0 ± 3.2) ml/s],the symptom total score of IPSS was significantly higher than that in control group [(25.8 ± 4.1) scores vs.(22.6 ±5.0) scores],there were statistical differences (P ＜0.01).The maximum bladder capacity,compliance,incipient micturition desire volume in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The influence of DCP on the function of the bladder in BPH patients is significant.Urodynamic detection can provide objective basis for the selection of therapeutic methods,suitable to be operated and forecast the postoperative effect.It has an important reference value in DCP complicated with BPH patients.

Objective To understand the dynamic schistosomiasis situation in Hubei Province so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective control strategy. Methods According to the Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province the 2009 edition 207 endemic villages were selected and investigated for the schistosome infections of residents and livestock and the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails. Results The average infection rates of residents and cattle were 0.35% and 0.15% respectively and the endemic situation of fishermen and farmers were relatively serious 0.44% and 0.42% respectively . The density of living snails was 0.30 snail/0.1m2 but no infected snails were found. Conclusion The en-demic situation of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province was stable in 2013 but the efforts for the infectious source control still should be strengthened.