Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib combined with low-dose hormone for patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: Thirty patients with aGVHD after allo-HSCT admitted to the Department of Hematology of the General Hospital of Western Theater Command from November 2021 to November 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with low-dose hormone (methylprednisolone 0.3-1 mg kg -d ) combined with ruxolitinib 5-10 mg d . The efficacy and adverse reactions were observed during the follow-up period to analyze the survival outcomes of the patients. Results: A total of 30 patients with aGVHD after allo-HSCT were included in this study, consisting of 15 (50%) males and 15 (50%) females with a median age of 34 year-old (ranging from 14 to 62). Classification by disease type: there were 18 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 4 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 4 cases of aplastic anemia, and 4 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome. Classification by aGVHD severity: there were 27 cases (90%) of Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree aGVHD and 11 cases (36.7%) of Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree aGVHD. Ruxolitinib in combination with low-dose glucocorticoid treatment yield responses in 28 (93.3%) patients, of which 27 (90%) achieved complete remission (CR), while 1 (3.3%) showed partial remission (PR). One patient (3.3%) had no response (NR), and 1 patient (3.3%) exhibited progressed disease (PD). Overall survival (OS) at 1 year of transplantation was 73.9% (95%CI 49.5% to 87.7%), progression-free survival (PFS) was 93.3% (95%CI 75.9% to 98.3%), non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 20.6% (95%CI 7.9% to 47.4%), and median survival time was 27.6 months. Conclusion: Ruxolitinib combined with low-dose hormones is safe and effective in the treatment of aGVHD after allo-HSCT.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV) in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) at a single-center children’s hospital in Shanghai, thereby providing evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HBoV infection. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 19 537 hospitalized children with ALRTI at Shanghai Children’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis was used to detect HBoV and 12 other common respiratory viruses /atypical pathogens. The positive detection rate, demographic characteristics (sex, age), temporal distribution (year, season) of HBoV, as well as the clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe pneumonia were analyzed. ResultsThe overall HBoV-positive rate was 2.57% (503/19 537), with 59.44% (299/503) being single infections and 40.56% (204/503) being co-infections. The positive detection rate was significantly higher in boys than that in girls (2.78% vs 2.33%, χ²=3.88, P=0.049). The highest infection rate was observed in toddlers, followed by infants (χ²=379.57, P<0.001). The positive rate peaked in 2021 and reached its lowest point in 2023 (χ²=45.49, P<0.001), with epidemics mainly prevalent in summer and autumn. The main clinical symptoms were cough (90.06%, 453/503), fever (75.94%, 382/503), and wheezing (39.96%, 201/503). Children with severe pneumonia showed a higher incidence of wheezing compared with the non-severe group (P<0.001), while underlying diseases and co-infections had no significant association with disease severity (P>0.05). ConclusionHBoV was an important pathogen of ALRTI in children, predominantly affecting infants and toddlers, with higher susceptibility in boys and seasonal peaks in autumn and summer. The main clinical manifestations included cough, fever, and wheezing, with wheezing being more prevalent in children with severe pneumonia.

Objective To investigate the global burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from 1990 to 2021 and predict the trends in the burden of VL from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into global VL prevention and control. Methods The global age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of VL and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources. The trends in the global burden of VL were evaluated with average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from 1990 to 2021, and gender-, age-, country-, geographical area- and socio-demographic index (SDI)-stratified burdens of VL were analyzed. The trends in the global burden of VL were projected with a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model from 2022 to 2035, and the associations of age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs rates of VL with SDI levels were examined with a smoothing spline model. Results The global age-standardized incidence [AAPC = -0.25%, 95% CI: (-0.25%, -0.24%)], prevalence [AAPC = -0.06%, 95% CI: (-0.06%, -0.06%)], mortality [AAPC = -0.25%, 95% CI: (-0.25%, -0.24%)] and DALYs rates of VL [AAPC = -2.38%, 95% CI: (-2.44%, -2.33%)] all appeared a tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2021, and the highest age-standardized incidence [2.55/10⁵, 95% UI: (1.49/10⁵, 4.07/10⁵)], prevalence [0.64/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.37/10⁵, 1.02/10⁵)], mortality [0.51/10⁵, 95% UI: (0, 1.80/10⁵)] and DALYs rates of VL [33.81/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.06/10⁵, 124.09/10⁵)] were seen in tropical Latin America in 2021. The global age-standardized incidence and prevalence of VL were both higher among men [0.57/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.45/10⁵, 0.72/10⁵); 0.14/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.11/10⁵, 0.18/10⁵)] than among women [0.27/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.21/10⁵, 0.33/10⁵); 0.06/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.05/10⁵, 0.08/10⁵)], and the highest mortality of VL was found among children under 5 years of age [0.24/10⁵, 95% UI: (0.08/10⁵, 0.66/10⁵)]. The age-standardized incidence (r = -0.483, P < 0.001), prevalence (r = -0.483, P < 0.001), mortality (r = -0.511, P < 0.001) and DALYs rates of VL (r = -0.514, P < 0.001) correlated negatively with SDI levels from 1990 to 2021. In addition, the global burden of VL was projected with the BAPC model to appear a tendency towards a decline from 2022 to 2035, and the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates were projected to be reduced to 0.11/10⁵, 0.03/10⁵, 0.02/10⁵ and 1.44/10⁵ in 2035, respectively. Conclusions Although the global burden of VL appeared an overall tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2021, the burden of VL showed a tendency towards a rise in Central Asia and western sub-Saharan African areas. The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of VL were relatively higher among men, and the age-standardized mortality of VL was relatively higher among children under 5 years of age. The global burden of VL was projected to continue to decline from 2022 to 2035.

ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

Objective:To explore expression changes of different vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoforms in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 cells under high glucose conditions.Methods:ARPE-19 cells were divided into blank control group, control group 1, control group 2, HG1 group, and HG2 group treated with 5.5 mmol/L glucose, 5.5 mmol/L glucose+ 19.5 mmol/L mannitol, 5.5 mmol/L glucose+ 44.5 mmol/L mannitol, 25.0 mmol/L glucose, and 50.0 mmol/L glucose, respectively.The blank control group, control group 1, and control group 2 were treated for 72 hours, while HG1 and HG2 groups were treated for 24, 48, and 72 hours.The relative expression of VEGFA isoforms was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR.Total VEGFA, SERPINF1 (pigment epithelium-derived factor, PEDF), a negative regulator of VEGF signaling, and VEGF165 (V4, 5, 10) protein expression was measured by Western blot.Results:Total VEGFA mRNA and protein expression in ARPE-19 cells showed statistically significant differences at both 25 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L glucose concentrations across different culture periods (mRNA: F=114.60, 143.60; both P<0.05.protein: F=10.00, 8.04; both P<0.05). Compared to the respective controls, the relative expression of total VEGFA mRNA and protein increased significantly at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SERPINF1 (PEDF) mRNA or protein expression in ARPE-19 cells across different time points at 25 mmol/L or 50 mmol/L glucose concentrations (mRNA: F=0.86, 0.32; both P>0.05.protein: F=1.25, 0.08; both P>0.05). The mRNA expression levels of VEGFA isoforms in ARPE-19 cells from highest to lowest were VEGF165(V4, 5, 10), VEGF121(V6), VEGF189(V2), VEGF111(V8) and VEGF165b(V7). The relative VEGF111(V8) mRNA expression level was significantly lower in HG1-24 hour group than in control group 1, the relative VEGF189(V2) and VEGF121(V6) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG1-48 hour group than in control group 1, the relative VEGF121(V6) and VEGF165b(V7) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG1-72 hour group than in control group 1, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The relative VEGF111(V8) and VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the HG2-24 hour group than in control group 2, the relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) and VEGF165b(V7) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG2-48 hour group than control group 2, and the relative VEGF189(V2), VEGF111(V8), VEGF165(V4, 5, 10), and VEGF165b(V7) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG2-72 hour group than in control group 2, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) protein expression levels in blank control group, control group 1, HG1-24 hour group, HG1-48 hour group, and HG1-72 hour group were 1.01±0.07, 1.05±0.07, 1.16±0.06, 1.37±0.08, and 1.28±0.05, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=10.36, P<0.05). The relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) protein expression level was significantly higher in HG1-48 hour group than in control group 1 ( P<0.05). The relative protein expression levels of VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) in blank control group, control group 2, HG2-24 hour group, HG2-48 hour group, and HG2-72 hour group were 1.02±0.05, 1.12±0.00, 1.22±0.05, 1.53±0.21, and 1.77±0.04, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=16.55, P<0.001). The relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) protein levels were significantly higher in HG2-48 hour group and HG2-72 hour group than in control group 2 (both P<0.05). Conclusions:In ARPE-19 cells, mRNA abundance of VEGFA isoforms from highest to lowest were VEGF165(V4, 5, 10), VEGF121(V6), VEGF189(V2), VEGF111(V8), VEGF165b(V7). VEGF121(V6) mRNA expression level is significantly increased at 25 mmol/L high glucose concentration, whereas VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) mRNA expression level shows significant elevation only at 50 mmol/L high glucose.Under both high glucose conditions, isoforms with significantly elevated mRNA expression levels are VEGF189(V2) and VEGF165b(V7), while SERPINF1 (PEDF) expression level does not change significantly.

Objective To explore the association between plasma fibrinogen(FBG)levels and the risk of in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock.Methods The clinical data of 563 patients diagnosed with septic shock in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from August 1,2018,to December 31,2020,were collected.Patient demographic information,basic vital signs,and blood routine and biochemical indices upon admission were gathered.Moreover,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)scores were calculated.Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between plasma fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock.Additionally,a generalized additive model(GAM)and smoothed curve fitting were employed to investigate the nonlinear relationship between plasma fibrinogen and in-hospital mortality.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed for FBG and APACHEⅡ scores to predict in-hospital mortality in septic shock patients.The area under the curve(AUC)was computed to compare the predictive efficacies of the two.Furthermore,a segmented linear regression model was utilized for quantification.Results Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between plasma fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock(P<0.05).GAM modeling and smoothed curve fitting disclosed a nonlinear association between plasma fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality,with an inflection point at 5.54 g/L.The segmented linear regression model indicated that,to the left of the inflection point(FBG≤5.54 g/L),for every 1 g/L decrease in plasma fibrinogen,the risk of death increased by 24.5%(OR=0.755,P=0.003).Conversely,to the right of the inflection point(FBG>5.54 g/L),the relationship was not statistically significant(OR=1.049,P=0.685).The findings of the subgroup analyses indicated that the characteristics of the subgroups did not alter the relationship between blood fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality.Conclusion There is a nonlinear relationship between FBG levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock,which has predictive value for evaluating the risk of in-hospital mortality in this patient cohort.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax and azacitidine combined with GHA (human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, homoharringtonine and low-dose cytarabine) priming regimen in treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. Twenty-three patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) who received treatment with the combination of venetoclax and azacitidine with GHA priming regimen at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2020 to July 2024 were selected, and the treatment efficacy, minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative rate in patients with comprehensive complete remission (cCR) (including complete remission, complete remission with partial hematologic recovery and complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery) and the adverse reactions were analyzed; patients were followed-up, and their overall survival (OS) was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The median age of the 23 patients was 60 years (range: 21-79 years), including 10 males and 13 females. The cCR rate for 1 course of treatment was 52.2% (12/23), with 4 cases of MRD negative among cCR patients; 5 cases received 2 courses of treatment, with 3 cases achieving cCR, of which 2 cases were MRD negative; 2 cases received 3 courses of treatment, with 1 case achieving complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery. Six patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patients were followed up until July 31, 2024, and the median follow-up period was 5.3 months (range: 1.1-41.7 months). Ten cases survived, 12 cases died, 1 case was lost to follow-up, and the median OS time of 23 patients was 7.9 months. The 6-month OS rate was 60.2% (95% CI: 42.7%-84.8%), and the 12-month OS rate was 44.6% (95% CI: 26.8%-74.3%). Common adverse reactions during treatment included infection [69.6% (16/23)], nausea [56.5% (13/23)], febrile neutropenia [52.2% (12/23)], bleeding [52.2% (12/23)], vomiting [34.8% (8/23)], and pneumonia [34.8% (8/23)]. Conclusions:The combination of vinaclotide and azacitidine with GHA priming regimen has certain efficacy and good safety in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Objective:To explore expression changes of different vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoforms in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 cells under high glucose conditions.Methods:ARPE-19 cells were divided into blank control group, control group 1, control group 2, HG1 group, and HG2 group treated with 5.5 mmol/L glucose, 5.5 mmol/L glucose+ 19.5 mmol/L mannitol, 5.5 mmol/L glucose+ 44.5 mmol/L mannitol, 25.0 mmol/L glucose, and 50.0 mmol/L glucose, respectively.The blank control group, control group 1, and control group 2 were treated for 72 hours, while HG1 and HG2 groups were treated for 24, 48, and 72 hours.The relative expression of VEGFA isoforms was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR.Total VEGFA, SERPINF1 (pigment epithelium-derived factor, PEDF), a negative regulator of VEGF signaling, and VEGF165 (V4, 5, 10) protein expression was measured by Western blot.Results:Total VEGFA mRNA and protein expression in ARPE-19 cells showed statistically significant differences at both 25 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L glucose concentrations across different culture periods (mRNA: F=114.60, 143.60; both P<0.05.protein: F=10.00, 8.04; both P<0.05). Compared to the respective controls, the relative expression of total VEGFA mRNA and protein increased significantly at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SERPINF1 (PEDF) mRNA or protein expression in ARPE-19 cells across different time points at 25 mmol/L or 50 mmol/L glucose concentrations (mRNA: F=0.86, 0.32; both P>0.05.protein: F=1.25, 0.08; both P>0.05). The mRNA expression levels of VEGFA isoforms in ARPE-19 cells from highest to lowest were VEGF165(V4, 5, 10), VEGF121(V6), VEGF189(V2), VEGF111(V8) and VEGF165b(V7). The relative VEGF111(V8) mRNA expression level was significantly lower in HG1-24 hour group than in control group 1, the relative VEGF189(V2) and VEGF121(V6) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG1-48 hour group than in control group 1, the relative VEGF121(V6) and VEGF165b(V7) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG1-72 hour group than in control group 1, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The relative VEGF111(V8) and VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the HG2-24 hour group than in control group 2, the relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) and VEGF165b(V7) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG2-48 hour group than control group 2, and the relative VEGF189(V2), VEGF111(V8), VEGF165(V4, 5, 10), and VEGF165b(V7) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HG2-72 hour group than in control group 2, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) protein expression levels in blank control group, control group 1, HG1-24 hour group, HG1-48 hour group, and HG1-72 hour group were 1.01±0.07, 1.05±0.07, 1.16±0.06, 1.37±0.08, and 1.28±0.05, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=10.36, P<0.05). The relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) protein expression level was significantly higher in HG1-48 hour group than in control group 1 ( P<0.05). The relative protein expression levels of VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) in blank control group, control group 2, HG2-24 hour group, HG2-48 hour group, and HG2-72 hour group were 1.02±0.05, 1.12±0.00, 1.22±0.05, 1.53±0.21, and 1.77±0.04, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=16.55, P<0.001). The relative VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) protein levels were significantly higher in HG2-48 hour group and HG2-72 hour group than in control group 2 (both P<0.05). Conclusions:In ARPE-19 cells, mRNA abundance of VEGFA isoforms from highest to lowest were VEGF165(V4, 5, 10), VEGF121(V6), VEGF189(V2), VEGF111(V8), VEGF165b(V7). VEGF121(V6) mRNA expression level is significantly increased at 25 mmol/L high glucose concentration, whereas VEGF165(V4, 5, 10) mRNA expression level shows significant elevation only at 50 mmol/L high glucose.Under both high glucose conditions, isoforms with significantly elevated mRNA expression levels are VEGF189(V2) and VEGF165b(V7), while SERPINF1 (PEDF) expression level does not change significantly.