Background: Several occupational diseases of multiple origins are encountered among abattoir workers. Presence of indicator microorganisms (coliforms) on hands of workers can be used a gauge for hygienic practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence of E.coli and enterobacteriaceae among Halal abattoir workers in some government halal abattoirs of Malaysia. A total of one hundred and sixty-five hand swab samples were collected from workers of Halal abattoirs in Malaysia. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for characterisation and serotyping. Results: The results have shown that no Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated on the hands of abattoir workers before and after work. However, a total prevalence of 9.7% was recorded for all samples during work. For non-O157:H7, total prevalence of 33.3% during work and 13% after work were obtained. High prevalence was recorded in sample taken during work from Tampin, Jasin and Kemaman (100% each) while low prevalence where observed in Shah Alam, Banting and Ipoh (20% each). Conclusions: Based on the findings the hygienic practices of hand washing among the workers in few locations was found to be low especially after work.

Pain in specific areas of the body (including the lower back, neck, and shoulders) due to extended periods of sitting and inactivity is the most widespread musculoskeletal disorder worldwide and has consequences that are both socio-economic and personal. This condition is particularly prevalent in industrialised countries, affecting roughly 70% to 80% of adults at some point in their lives; approximately 1% of the U.S. population is chronically disabled by this type of pain disorder. A practical way to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among office workers would have a significant positive impact. More work is required to develop a package of exercises designed to prevent and treat musculoskeletal pain in office workers. Such a package would be preferable to pharmacological treatments, which can have undesirable side effects. The main objective of this package would be to increase the flexibility and strength of trunk muscles in order to decrease the soreness, pain, and degree of discomfort. In this article, we introduce our proposed package of exercises, which are based on guidelines issued bythe American College of Sports Medicine.

Safety helmet become vital personal protective equipment especially in the plantation in preventing the head from injury. This study evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice on safety helmet usage among harvesters, the association between knowledge, attitude and practice of safety helmet usage with head injury; and the significant differences of the safety helmet practices before and after the intervention. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 109 harvesters in two oil palm plantation located in Selangor, Malaysia. A set of questionnaire was used to collect the socio demographic background data, knowledge, attitude and practice on the usage of safety helmet. An intervention program through tool box talk on proper usage of safety helmet also was given followed by an observation to look for the differences before and after the tool box promotion on the use of safety helmet. Result from the descriptive analysis showed high score for knowledge, fair score for the attitude and practice among harvesters. There is no association between knowledge (X2=2.733; p>0.05), attitude (X2=2.546; p>0.05) and practice (X2=2.473; p>0.05) with the head injury. The result also gave no significant differences (p>0.05) of the practices before and after the intervention. However, the trends showed decrease in number of practices after the intervention. This study reveals that the knowledge, attitude and practice are not a prominent indicator for head injury among harvesters.

Abstract Introduction: Malaysian traffic police are always working on the public roads to alleviate traffic congestion and therefore exposed them to the polluted air every day. In particular, polluted air containing PM2.5 is dangerous to their respiratory health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to bronchitis, lung cancer and many more. Hence, this research examined the relationship of personal exposure level to PM2.5 with respiratory symptoms among traffic policemen in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: 134 participants among traffic policemen were agreed to participate in this study. They were requested to complete a questionnaire regarding the sociodemographic background and respiratory health information. The questionnaire was adopted from International Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Diseases (1986). Personal exposure level of PM2.5 was measured using an air pump with 5.0µm pore size PVC filter. Results: The mean exposure level of PM2.5 among traffic policemen was 28.69 µg/m3. It was found that some of them possess respiratory symptoms (Coughing 33.6%, Phlegm 25.4%, Wheezing 14.9% and Shortness of breath 32.1%). There was significant association detected at p-value < 0.05 in coughing. Despite, there was no significant association in other symptoms such as phlegm, wheezing and shortness of breath. Conclusions: Traffic police were exposed to a relatively high level of PM2.5 (12.4 µg/m3 to 55.3 µg/m3) and showed symptoms of respiratory effects. Therefore, recognition of the risks connected with occupational lung disease and exposure monitoring must be a high priority. This baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as required by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).

Abstract Discomfort measurement has usually been attempted by asking the participants to rate the scale of their discomfort which commonly termed as a subjective scale. Various studies had conducted the discomfort level on vehicle seat by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Likert scale. VAS is a tool that use to measure a discomfort or characteristics in range across a continuum of values. Meanwhile, Likert-scale is a tool consist of items that require respondents to rate their degrees of comfort or discomfort with various declarative statements. Thus, the purpose of this study is to review, discuss and compare between the VAS and Likert scale used on the development and assessment of sitting discomfort survey in seat vehicles. The literature on various topics related to questionnaire development on discomfort in seat vehicle were collected from electronic databases. Four high-quality studies were eligible and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, there is no evidence and conclusion that neither visual analogue scale nor Likert scale are better to one another. Therefore, it can be concluded that either of this scale still applicable for the ergonomic research application as both of this scale have their own pros and cons.

Background: Quality of Work Life (QWL) is a subset of the quality of life which expresses the interactions between workers and their total working environment with individual or human dimension. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of QWL among Malaysian workers. Methods: 2740 respondents (1921 males and 819 females) were randomly selected from 11 different industries from all states of Malaysia. Respondents were aged between 18 to more than 55 years and were a local OSH Personnel and local general workers. Face to face interviews were conducted in all the selected industries using a structured questionnaire form adapted from Malaysian OSH Profile 2016. Respondents have completed the questionnaire under instructions and supervision of the research team. Results: Majority of the respondents were male (70.1%) and from manufacturing industries (76.3%). 50% of the respondents identified a high level of QWL in each component like not having a stress with the work load (85.5%), good work environment (78.4%), family life (83.1% and 83.6%), enough income and distribution (58.9%), good communication and harmonies relationship between colleagues and boss (93.4% and 88.7%), good facilities (88.6%), welfare at work (71.3%) and productive working condition (80.8%). There is a significant difference between QWL and type of industries [F(10)=12.897, p=0.001] where agriculture industry had the highest QWL. There is significant difference between QWL and gender (p=0.009) where male reported higher QWL compared to female. Conclusion: These findings could be used by the organizations in order to enhance its performance, productivity, employees’ commitment and satisfaction.

Introduction: Safety helmets are one of the personal protective equipment (PPE) that to decrease the impact of any falling object to the skull and to avoid head and brain injury by many industries, including palm oil plantation. Nevertheless, the level on the usage of the current safety helmet is very low due to a few factors that lead to the discomfort. Among the common issues for the non-compliance of safety helmets are their discomfort, ventilation, weight and safety. This study aims to determine subjective preference of the new prototypes’ safety helmets device among palm oil plantation harvesters. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 124 harvesters in three palm oil plantations located in Sabah, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires used to collect data on their socio-demographic background, perceptions toward existing safety helmets and their subjective preference of new safety helmets prototypes. Apart from that, six harvesters were randomly choosing to attend an interview session for qualitative study. Results: The descriptive analysis indicate that among the emphasized issues regarding non-compliance of existing safety helmet were due to discomfort (66.1%), poor ventilation (97.6%), load of safety helmet (83.3%) and safety issues (68.5%). In terms of new safety helmets prototypes, 72.6% of the harvesters preferred Design C to be worn for work in the plantation. Conclusion: It can be suggested that the existing safety helmet is uncomfortable and was not design ergonomically namely loose size and discomfort. Design C was the most preferred to be worn for work in the palm oil plantation.

Introduction: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among office workers found to be high worldwide, leading to considerable economic impacts and health issues. The relationship between MSDs and productivity loss is widely recognized. This study investigates the possible relationships between the self-reported musculoskeletal disorders and productivity in term of absenteeism/presenteeism and self-evaluated productivity levels during presenteeism time among office workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried among office workers (n=398) in three public sector organizations in Putrajaya. Socio-demographic and productivity data were determined using self-administered general questionnaire whereas prevalence of MSDs evaluated using Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ). Results: This study found that prevalence of MSDs symptoms among office workers in any body parts is high (83.7%), low-back pain reported the highest (58.5%) whereas thighs pain reported less prevalent MSDs symptoms (25.4%) among participants. Also, the results showed a significant association between prevalence of MSDs and productivity loss in regard with presenteeism (p<0.01). In addition, self-evaluated productivity levels of office workers during presenteeism time also found to be significantly associated with MSDs (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that majority of office workers reported MSDs symptoms. Presenteeism was significantly affecting productivity in term of quality and or quantity of work that workers could do. One more concluded point of this study is the need for applying changes that could help in minimizing presenteeism due to MSDs so as to decrease workers productivity loss.

Introduction: Among adolescents, asthma is an important public health burden that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Poor asthma control is likely in this age group. Our aim was to identify the predictors of well controlled asthma among adolescents with persistent asthma in Northwest of Libya. Methods: A sample of 92 adolescents with persistent asthma were recruited from the respiratory clinic in Sabratha Teaching Hospital, and completed questionnaires measuring demographic and clinical characteristics, asthma knowledge, self-efficacy, and asthma control. Logistic regression analysis was carried out, taking the asthma control as the dependent variable. Results: Twenty-four percent of participants had well controlled asthma. In a bivariate analysis, well controlled asthma was significantly associated with adolescents having mild persistent asthma, not having allergic rhinitis, using preventive inhalers regularly, reporting higher level asthma knowledge, and higher self-efficacy. However, in multiple logistic model, only self-efficacy was an independent predictor of asthma control, with higher self-efficacy associated with well-controlled asthma (Adjusted OR= 1.107, 95% CI: 1.012 – 1.210, p= 0.026). Conclusion: Identifying and targeting modifiable predictors of well controlled asthma could improve asthma control. In adolescents with asthma, enhancing self-confidence of adolescents to undertake health behaviour modification seems to be an important step toward a better asthma control.

Workplaces in tropical countries are associated with increasing temperature and humidity, thus, the workers are susceptible to heat hazards. The inability for self-cooling properly toward exposure to head hazards can lead to severe dehydration and even death. To date, there are several indices and models to assess heat stress, such as WBGT, ISO 7933, discomfort index, HIS, PhSI, etc. However, their accuracy and suitability for tropical regions are still under investigation since they are mostly developed for subtropical regions. This review assessed the indices to estimate heat exposure in tropical regions based on the various online database. Among those indices, WBGT is the most suitable despite its inability to estimate human thermal response in tropical regions with several adjustments. Based on this review, it showed that there is a need for improvement of current indexes to be used in tropical regions since they are more suitable for the subtropical countries.