1.Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for determination of doxorubicin in human plasma and its interaction with DNA
Hajian REZA ; Tayebi ZAHRA ; Shams NAFISEH
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017;7(1):27-33
In this work, an electrochemical sensor was fabricated for determination of an anthracycline, doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapy drug in plasma based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified platinum electrode (Pt/MWCNTs). DOX was effectively accumulated on the surface of modified electrode and generated a pair of redox peaks at around 0.522 and 0.647 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in Britton Robinson (B-R) buffer (pH 4.0, 0.1 M). The electrochemical parameters including pH, type of buffer, accumulation time, amount of modifier and scan rate were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, there was a linear correlation between cathodic peak current and concentration of DOX in the range of 0.05–4.0 μg/mL with the detection limit of 0.002 μg/mL. The number of electron transfers (n) and electron transfer-coe?cient (α) were estimated as 2.0 and 0.25, respectively. The constructed sensor displayed excellent precision, sensitivity, repeatability and selectivity in the determination of DOX in plasma. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry studies of DOX in the presence of DNA showed an intercalation mechanism with binding constant (Kb) of 1.12×105 L/mol.
2.Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty in the treatment of stromal corneal dystrophies
International Eye Science 2020;20(7):1118-1125
AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of penetrating keratoplasty(PK)and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)in the treatment of stromal corneal dystrophy.
METHODS: A systematic review and Meta-analysis was conducted for studies comparing visual acuity \〖best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)(LogMAR)\〗 and corneal endothelial cell count(ECC)as well as safety outcomes of DALK and PK surgeries, including graft-related outcomes and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible studies until June 2019. Continuous and dichotomous variables were expressed as weighted mean difference(WMD)and risk ratios(RRs), respectively, along with their respective 95% confidence intervals(CIs).
RESULTS: Five comparative studies recruiting 350 patients with macular and/or lattice corneal dystrophy(59.71% males)were eventually included. No significant differences were noted in the mean BCVA after both types of surgeries. However, following DALK procedures, corneal ECC was significantly higher two years postoperatively(WMD=401.62 cell/mm2, 95% CI: 285.39-517.85, P<0.001), and graft and endothelial rejection rates were significantly lower(RR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.64, P=0.002; RR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.46, P=0.004, respectively)when compared to patients undergoing PK procedures. However, DALK procedures were associated with increased risks of intraoperative Descemet's membrane perforations and postoperative double anterior chamber(All P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: DALK procedures are relatively more efficacious over the follow up periods with better safety outcomes than PK in patients with stromal CDs, conerning rejection and better visual outcome.
3.Interferon-γ inducible protein-10 and interleukin 28B gene polymorphism as predictive markers for genotype 4 hepatitis C virus treatment response
Abd El-maksoud, E.A. ; Salem, A.M. ; Maher, A.M. ; Hegazy, M.G.A.
Tropical Biomedicine 2020;37(No.4):1083-1092
HCV genotype 4 dominates the HCV epidemic in Egypt. Drug resistance was the
most serious side effect that reflects bad clinical outcome. Several studies had demonstrated
that baseline serum interferon-γ-inducible-protein 10 (IP-10) levels and interleukin 28B
polymorphisms were associated with the resistance to the standard of care pegylated
interferon alpha and ribavirin (PEG-IFNα/RBV) therapy and development of post-treatment
relapse. Our purpose was to assess the predictive value of combining IP-10 levels and IL28B
genotypes to PEG-IFNα/RBV therapy response in Egyptian chronic HCV infection patients
with genotype 4. Ninety Egyptian patients chronically infected by HCV genotype-4 treated
with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin (PEG-IFNα/RBV) therapy were enrolled. Serum
IP-10 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay pre- and post- treatment.
IL-28B (rs12979860 and rs8099917) polymorphisms were performed by PCR-RFLP in all patients.
Overall, 38 patients (42.2%) achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) and 52 (57.8%)
patients have non-viral response (NVR). Pretreatment serum IP-10 mean levels were
significantly lower in patients who achieved SVR than in NVR (P<0.05). CC genotype in IL28B polymorphism (rs12979860) was the favorable genotype as 65.8% achieved SVR, while
TT genotype in IL-28B polymorphism (rs8099917) was the favorable genotype as 81.5%
achieved SVR. Baseline IP-10 was significantly correlated to genotypes CC in rs12979860
and TT in rs8099917. Combined use of serum baseline IP-10 levels with IL-28B polymorphisms
could improve the prediction of SVR to PEG-IFNα/RBV therapy in Egyptian chronic HCV
infection patients with genotype 4.
4. Phospholipase C from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus; characterization of catalytic activity
Nooran Sherif ELLEBOUDY ; Mohammad Mabrouk ABOULWAFA ; Nadia Abdel-Haleem HASSOUNA
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014;7(11):860-866
Objective: To study characteristics of phospholipases C (PLCs), their importance for producing microorganisms as well as the potential of their use for industrial purposes. Method: PLC from Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) D101 was selected as an example of Gram-positive PLCs and PLC from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) D183 of Gram-negative ones. Enzymes were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by membrane dialysis. Partially purified preparations were used to study effect of different factors on activities as well as in substrate specificity tests which were conducted using a turbidimetric assay method. Results: Maximum activity was at pH 7 and 8 and 40 °C for P. aeruginosa PLC, and pH 8-10 and 37 °C for B. cereus PLC. Both PLCs were inhibited by Pi at 5 mM or higher, whereas, PLC from B. cereus only was inhibited by EDTA. Activity of P. aeruginosa PLC was not affected by removing Zn
5. Immunomodulatory effect of garlic oil extract on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice
Reem O.A. KAMEL ; Nashwa A. EL-SHINNAWY
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015;8(12):999-1005
Objective: To assess the effect potency, and the immunomodulatory response of garlic oil extract in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by Schistosoma mansoni ( S. mansoni) in mice at different stages of worm maturation. Methods: A total of 70 male CD-1 Swiss albino mice were divided into 7 groups. Group I: healthy control. Group II: garlic oil group orally administrating 100 mg garlic oil extract/kg b.wt. 3 d a week for 6 weeks. Group III: infected with S. mansoni cercariae and left untreated for 42 d. Group IV: treated with garlic oil extract from day 1 to day 7 post infection (PI). Group V: treated with garlic oil extract from day 14 till day 21 PI. Group VI: administrating garlic oil extract from day 35 until day 42 PI. Group VII received oil extract from the first day of infection for 42 d. Results: Garlic oil extract showed changes in the parasite tegument with a significant decrease in worm burden, hepatic and intestinal ova count with a decline in granuloma number and diameter. These alterations were accompanied with a reduction in serum TNF α, ICAM-1, IgG and IgM after 7 and 42 d post S. mansoni cercarial infection. Conclusions: Results obtained confirmed the effect of garlic oil extract on the larval and mature stage of the parasite and in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by S. mansoni in mice.
6.Electrocardiographic artefacts mimicking atrial tachycardia resulted in unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic measures.
Shams Y-HASSAN ; Christer SYLVEN
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2013;28(2):224-230
Electrocardiographic (ECG) artefacts may closely simulate both supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias. We describe a case initially diagnosed as rapid atrial fibrillation, based on 12-lead surface ECG (especially the limb leads) and monitor tracing. The arrhythmia was resistant to beta blockers. Because of the at times apparently regular rhythm, an esophageal ECG recording was performed, and adenosine was administered. When the presumed atrial fibrillation terminated after sodium pentothal was administered while preparing for electrical cardioversion, the oesophageal ECG recordings and the ECGs during adenosine administration were reviewed. An ECG artefact diagnosis was suspected, and then confirmed, during relapse of the "arrhythmia," with simple palpation of the radial pulse and cardiac auscultation.
Adenosine/diagnostic use
;
Adult
;
*Artifacts
;
Atrial Fibrillation/*diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy
;
*Diagnostic Errors
;
*Electrocardiography
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Predictive Value of Tests
;
Tachycardia, Supraventricular/*diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy
;
Time Factors
;
*Unnecessary Procedures
7.Giant cell tumour of the distal radius: wide resection and reconstruction by non-vascularised proximal fibular autograft.
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2009;38(10):900-904
INTRODUCTIONGiant cell tumours of the bone are aggressive and potentially malignant lesions. Juxtaarticular giant cell tumours of the lower end radius are common and present a special problem of reconstruction after tumour excision. Out of the various reconstructive procedures described, non-vascularised fibular autograft has been widely used with satisfactory functional results.
MATERIALS AND METHODSTen patients with a mean age of 33.4 years, with either Campanacci grade II or III histologically proven giant cell tumours of lower end radius were treated with wide excision and reconstruction with ipsilateral non-vascularised proximal fibular autograft. Host graft junction was fixed with dynamic compression plate (DCP) in all cases. Wrist ligament reconstruction and fixation of the head of the fibula with carpal bones and distal end of the ulna using K-wires and primary cancellous iliac crest grafting at graft host junction was done in all cases.
RESULTSThe follow-up ranged from 30 to 60 months (mean, 46.8). At last follow-up, the average combined range of motion was 100.5 degrees with range varying from 60 degrees to 125 degrees. The average union time was 7 months (range, 4 to 12). Non-union occurred in 1 case. Graft resorption occurred in another case. Localised soft tissue recurrence occurred in another case after 3 years and was treated by excision. There was no case of graft fracture, metastasis, death, local recurrence or significant donor site morbidity. A total of 3 secondary procedures were required.
CONCLUSIONSEnbloc resection of giant cell tumours of the lower end radius is a widely accepted method. Reconstruction with non-vascularised fibular graft, internal fixation with DCP with primary corticocancellous bone grafting with transfixation of the fibular head and wrist ligament reconstruction minimises the problem and gives satisfactory functional results.
Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Fibula ; surgery ; transplantation ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilium ; surgery ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Prospective Studies ; Radius ; pathology ; surgery ; Transplantation, Autologous
8.A Good Short-term Outcome in Delayed Decompression of Cauda Equina Syndrome in Klebsiella pneumoniae Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Case Report
Hanifah J, MBBCh (Ain Shams), Joehaimey J, MMed Orth (USM), Yusof MI, MMed Orth (USM)
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(2):85-88
Spinal epidural abscess is a severe, generally pyogenic,
infection of the epidural space of spinal cord or cauda
equina. The swelling caused by the abscess leads to
compression or vascular disruption of neurological
structures that requires urgent surgical decompression to
avoid significant permanent disability. We share a rare case
of Klebsiella pneumoniae spinal epidural abscess secondary
to haematogenous spread of previous lung infection that
presented late at our centre with cauda equina syndrome that
showed good short-term outcome in delayed decompression.
A 50-year old female presented with one-week history of
persistent low back pain with progressively worsening
bilateral lower limb weakness for seven days and urinary
retention associated with saddle anesthesia of 2-day
duration. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast of the
lumbo-sacral region showed an intramuscular collection of
abscess at left gluteus maximus and left multifidus muscle
with a L3-L5 posteriorly placed extradural lesion enhancing
peripherally on contrast, suggestive of epidural abscess that
compressed the cauda equina. The pus was drained using the
posterior lumbar approach. Tissue and pus culture revealed
Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggestive of bacterial infection.
The patient made immediate improvement of muscle power
over bilateral lower limbs postoperative followed by ability
to control micturition and defecation the 4th post-operative
day. A good short-term outcome in delayed decompression
of cauda equine syndrome is extremely rare. Aggressive
surgical decompression combined with antibiotic therapy led
to good short-term outcome in this patient despite delayed
decompression of more than 48 hours.
9.Amiodaron in atrial fibrillation: post coronary artery bypass graft
Habibollahi PARIA ; Jam Hashemi SHAHRZAD ; Vahdati Shams SAMAD ; Baghi Morteza HAMIDREZA ; Amiri HASSAN
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016;7(4):250-254
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrilation (AF) is the most common complication following heart surgeries; it often occurs in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The purpose of this review is to categorize prophylaxes or treatment by administration of Amiodaron in patients with CABG. DATA RESOURCES: We searched google scholar, pubmed, and Cochrane Library databases (the period 1970–2010) for articles on Amiodaron in CABG and cardiac surgery. A total of 1561 articles were identified, and 30 articles met the criteria and were enrolled in this review. RESULTS: Most studies supported Amiodarone for prophylaxi purpose in patients who were performed with CABG; few papers supported Amiodaron as a drug for treating CABG. The prophylaxis can decrease the incidence rate of AF in CABG, but if it uses as a treatment, the side effect of Amiodaron wil decrease because al of the patients wil not get Amiodarone. In the other hand use of Amiodarone as a treatment does not influence the length of hospital stay significantly but these kinds of study are so few. CONCLUSION: No appropriate therapeutic method has been defined for AF. At present, the common way of treating AF following cardiac surgery is mainly based on prophylaxis in medical books and references.
10.Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
Ojaghihaghighi SEYEDHOSSEIN ; Vahdati Shams SAMAD ; Mikaeilpour AKRAM ; Ramouz ALI
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017;8(1):34-38
BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the third leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Anyone suspected of having a stroke should be taken immediately to a medical facility for diagnosis and treatment. The symptoms that follow a stroke aren't significant and depend on the area of the brain that has been affected and the amount of tissue damaged. Parameters for predicting long-term outcome in such patients have not been clearly delineated, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate this possibility and to test a system that might practicably be used routinely to aid management and predict outcomes of individual stroke patients. METHODS: A descriptive hospital-based study of the neurological symptoms and signs of 503 patients with ischemic stroke, including severe headache, seizure, eye movement disorder, pupil size, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), agitation were analyzed in this study. RESULTS: In the current study, dilated pupils, agitation, acute onset headache, lower GCS score, seizure, and eye gaze impairment had significantly higher prevalence in hemorrhagic stroke patients (P<0.001). However, the rate of gradual progressive headache is significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Although this result provides reliable indicators for discrimination of stroke types, imaging studies are still the gold standard modality for diagnosis.