1.Malaysian cockle (Anadara granosa) allergy: Identification of IgE-binding proteins and effects of different cooking methods
Zailatul, H.M.Y. ; Rosmilah, M. ; Faizal, B. ; Noormalin, A. ; Shahnaz, M.
Tropical Biomedicine 2015;32(2):323-334
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods
on the allergenicity of cockle and to identify proteins most frequently bound by IgE antibodies
using a proteomics approach. Raw, boiled, fried and roasted extracts of the cockle were
prepared. The protein profiles of the extracts were obtained by separation using sodium
dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2-dimensional gel
electrophoresis (2-DE). IgE-immunoblotting was then performed with the use of individual
sera from patients with cockle allergy and the major IgE-binding proteins were analyzed by
mass-spectrometry. SDS-PAGE of raw extract showed 13 protein bands. Smaller numbers of
protein bands were detected in the boiled, fried and roasted extracts. The 2-DE gel profile of
the raw extract further separated the protein bands to ~50 protein spots with molecular
masses between 13 to 180 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) values ranging from 3 to 10.
Immunoblotting of raw extract exhibited 11 IgE-binding proteins with two proteins of 36 and
40 kDa as the major IgE-binding proteins, while the boiled extract revealed 3 IgE-binding
proteins. Fried and roasted extracts only showed a single IgE-binding protein at 36 kDa. 2-DE
immunoblotting of raw extract demonstrated 5 to 20 IgE reactive spots. Mass spectrometry
analysis led to identification of 2 important allergens, tropomyosin (36 kDa) and arginine
kinase (40 kDa). Heated extracts showed a reduction in the number of IgE-reactive bands
compared with raw extract, which suggest that thermal treatment can be used as a tool in
attempting to reduce cockle allergenicity. The degree of allergenicity of cockle was
demonstrated in the order raw > boiled > fried ≈ roasted. Two important allergens reacting
with more than 50% of patients’ sera identified using mass spectrometric approaches were
tropomyosin and arginine kinase. Thus, allergens found in this study would help in componentbased
diagnosis, management of cockle allergic patients and to the standardisation of allergenic
test products as tools in molecular allergology.
2.Identification of Major and Minor Allergens of Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata)
Nurul Izzah Ar ; Rosmilah M ; Zailatul Hani My ; Noormalin A ; Faizal B ; Shahnaz M
Medicine and Health 2015;10(2):90-97
Crab meat is a valuable source of proteins and functional lipids and it is widely
consumed worldwide. However, the prevalence of crab allergy has increased
over the past few years. In order to understand crab allergy better, it is necessary
to identify crab allergens. The aim of the present study was to compare the IgEbinding
proteins of raw and cooked extracts of mud crab (Scylla serrata). Raw
and cooked extracts of the mud crab were prepared. Protein profiles and IgE
reactivity patterns were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting using sera from 21 skin
prick test (SPT) positive patients. In SDS-PAGE, 20 protein bands (12 to 250 kDa)
were observed in the raw extract while the cooked extract demonstrated fewer
bands. Protein bands between 40 to 250 kDa were sensitive to heat denaturation
and no longer observed in the cooked extract. In immunoblotting experiments,
raw and cooked extracts demonstrated 11 and 4 IgE-binding proteins, respectively,
with molecular weights of between 23 and 250 kDa. A heat-resistant 36 kDa
protein, corresponding to crab tropomyosin was identified as the major allergen
of both extracts. In addition, a 41 kDa heat-sensitive protein believed to be
arginine kinase was shown to be a major allergen of the raw extract. Other minor
allergens were also observed at various molecular weights.
Arginine Kinase
3.Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica
Al-Abd M. Nazeh ; Nor Mohamed Zurainee ; Mansor Marzida ; Zajmi Asdren ; Hasan Shahnaz Mohd ; Azhar Fadzly ; Kassim Mustafa
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017;7(6):569-576
Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and chemical ingredients of Ardisia elliptica (A. elliptica) methanolic extracts. Methods: The plant was extracted using methanol. Antibacterial and antioxidant activ-ities were evaluated. Results: The results showed that both fruit and leaf extract of A. elliptica have significant antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fruit extracts showed higher content of phenolic (71 ± 0.03 GAE/mg extract dry weight), in com-parison to the leaf extracts (37 ± 0.05 GAE/mg extract dry weight). Flavonoid content, and Fe2+chelating activity of fruit extracts were higher than leaf extract. The percentage radical inhibition of fruit extract is found to be higher (70%) than that of leaf extract (60%). LCMS results indicated that the major compounds in the fruit extract were Gingerol, Aspidin, Kampherol, and Stercuresin, while the leaf extract contained Gingerol, Aspidin, Triangularin, and Salicyl acyl glucuronide. Furthermore, the results of GCMS indicated that fruit extract contained these major compounds:Vitamin E Tocopherol, 5-hepylresornicol, 2-Nonylmalonic acid, 5-pentadecylresornicol, and Stigmasta-7-22-dien-3-ol. However, leaf extract of A. elliptica contained these major compounds: Alpha Amyrenol, 4,4, 6, 6a, 6b, 8, 8a, 9,10, 11,12,12a, 14, 14a, 14b octadehydro-2H-picen-3-one, and Lonasterol, 4-t-Butyl-2-[4-nitrophenyl] phenol. Conclusions: The results provide evidence that fruit and leaf of A. elliptica extracts might indeed be used as a potential source of effective natural antimicrobial and anti-oxidant agents in pharmaceutical and food industries.
4.Nutrition therapy in the older critically ill patients: A scoping review.
Zheng Yii LEE ; Carolyn Tze Ing LOH ; Charles Chin Han LEW ; Lu KE ; Daren K HEYLAND ; M Shahnaz HASAN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2022;51(10):629-636
INTRODUCTION:
There is a lack of guidelines or formal systematic synthesis of evidence for nutrition therapy in older critically ill patients. This study is a scoping review to explore the state of evidence in this population.
METHOD:
MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception until 9 February 2022 for studies that enrolled critically ill patients aged ≥60 years and investigated any area of nutrition therapy. No language or study design restrictions were applied.
RESULTS:
Thirty-two studies (5 randomised controlled trials) with 6 topics were identified: (1) nutrition screening and assessments, (2) muscle mass assessment, (3) route or timing of nutrition therapy, (4) determination of energy and protein requirements, (5) energy and protein intake, and (6) pharmaconutrition. Topics (1), (3) and (6) had similar findings among general adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Skeletal muscle mass at ICU admission was significantly lower in older versus young patients. Among older ICU patients, low muscularity at ICU admission increased the risk of adverse outcomes. Predicted energy requirements using weight-based equations significantly deviated from indirect calorimetry measurements in older vs younger patients. Older ICU patients required higher protein intake (>1.5g/kg/day) than younger patients to achieve nitrogen balance. However, at similar protein intake, older patients had a higher risk of azotaemia.
CONCLUSION
Based on limited evidence, assessment of muscle mass, indirect calorimetry and careful monitoring of urea level may be important to guide nutrition therapy in older ICU patients. Other nutrition recommendations for general ICU patients may be used for older patients with sound clinical discretion.
Adult
;
Humans
;
Aged
;
Critical Illness/therapy*
;
Enteral Nutrition
;
Nutritional Support
;
Nutritional Requirements
;
Intensive Care Units
;
Energy Intake
5. Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica
Nazeh M. AL-ABD ; Zurainee Mohamed NOR ; Nazeh M. AL-ABD ; Marzida MANSOR ; Mohd Shahnaz HASAN ; Mustafa KASSIM ; Asdren ZAJMI ; Fadzly AZHAR
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017;7(6):569-576
Objective To investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and chemical ingredients of Ardisia elliptica (A. elliptica) methanolic extracts. Methods The plant was extracted using methanol. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Results The results showed that both fruit and leaf extract of A. elliptica have significant antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fruit extracts showed higher content of phenolic (71 ± 0.03 GAE/mg extract dry weight), in comparison to the leaf extracts (37 ± 0.05 GAE/mg extract dry weight). Flavonoid content, and Fe