BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injuries are common and costly to hospital systems. Most of the guidelines on management of traumatic brain injuries are taken from the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines. This is a review of the current literature discussing the evolving practice of traumatic brain injury. DATA SOURCES: A literature search using multiple databases was performed for articles published through September 2012 with concentration on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials. URESULTS: The focus of care should be to minimize secondary brain injury by surgically decompressing certain hematomas, maintain systolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg, oxygen saturations above 93%, euthermia, intracranial pressures below 20 mmHg, and cerebral perfusion pressure between 60–80 mmHg. CONCLUSION: Much is still unknown about the management of traumatic brain injury. The current practice guidelines have not yet been sufficiently validated, however equipoise is a major issue when conducting randomized control trials among patients with traumatic brain injury.

No abstract available.
Histoplasmosis ; India

Objective: Health professionals struggled with additional stress as compared to the rest of the population during the time of COVID19 Pandemic. Previous reports and current data suggest that tremendous burden led to many stress disorders among the health care workers and their long-term effects on their state of mind need to be studied to take necessary measures. This study has been designed to assess the level of stress and other psychiatric disorders among HCWs and the role of administration to overcome it. Method: This survey based retrospective study was conducted across multiple Centres and data from health care workers who were in direct contact with confirmed or suspected cases were collected and analyzed. Result: Data were compared on the basis of different parameters, i.e., category, gender, age, marital status, years of work experience per se with the degree of stress. Our study shows significant degree of stress among the healthcare workers during and post pandemic. Nursing staffs and doctors were affected significantly with higher degree of stress. Overall higher stress was observed among females as compared to the males; and among youngers and HCWs with lesser years of work experience. Conclusion This study is the first of its kind assessing stress levels in the health care workers on every aspect in great details. Our study also observed that instead of using Headington scale to classify the degree of stress, if we can compare stress scores using different statistical tools, obtained results are more reliable and it can accurately assess the degree of stress.