Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome is an advanced sexual development in association with primary hypothyroidism. The clinical feature in this syndrome is more consistent with stimulation of the FSH receptor by the markedly elevated TSH levels. Treatment of the hypothyroidism results in a rapid return to normal of the biochemical and clinical manifestations. We experienced a case of Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome and report with the brief review of related literature.
Hypothyroidism ; Puberty, Precocious ; Receptors, FSH ; Sexual Development

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate sexual maturation, attitudes toward sexual maturity, and body esteem in the sexual development of Korean elementary-school boys and girls. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 399 fifth and sixth graders (192 boys and 207 girls). The data were analysed with a χ2 test, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Among the 207 girls, 70.5% had pubic hair growth, 68.1% had breast development, and 56.0% had a menstrual period. In boys, 59.4% of the 192 subjects experienced the development of external genitalia and 52.6% had pubic hair growth. Sexual maturation was related to grade (boys, t=7.07, p=.008; girls, t=12.76, p < .001), age (t=−2.20, p=.030; t=−4.11, p < .001), height (t=−5.16, p < .001; t=−7.52, p < .001), and weight (t=−2.89, p=.004; t=−5.19, p < .001) in both boys and girls. Girls were more likely to have sexual maturity than boys (χ2=22.29, p < .001). Boys showed more positive attitudes toward sexual maturity (t=2.10, p=.036) and higher body esteem (t=2.12, p=.035) than girls. CONCLUSION: This study shows that sexual maturation, attitude toward sexual maturity, and body esteem in sexual development differ between boys and girls. The findings indicate that it is necessary to develop a tailored sex-education program according to the sex of elementary-school children.
Breast ; Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genitalia ; Hair ; Humans ; Sexual Development ; Sexual Maturation*

Phytoestrogen is an estrogenic compound that occurs naturally in plants. The most common sources of phytoestrogen are soybean products, which contain high levels of isoflavones. This compound, which has structural similarity with estrogen, can act as an estrogen receptor agonist or antagonist. Animal studies provide evidence of the significant effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development, including altered pubertal timing, impaired estrous cycling and ovarian function, and altered hypothalamus and pituitary functions. Although human studies examining the effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development are extremely limited, the results of some studies agree with those of the animal studies. In this paper, we review the possible mechanism of phytoestrogen action and the evidence showing the effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development in animal and human studies.
Animals ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Isoflavones ; Phytoestrogens ; Puberty ; Sexual Development ; Soybeans

Female ; Humans ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Sexual Development ; Peptide Hormones

As abnormal pubertal development, central precocious puberty (CPP) is manifested by the secondary sexual characteristics, skeletal maturation, and physical development in advance. It ultimately affects the adult height of children, even producing some psychological and behavioral problems such as fear and anxiety. Currently, gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) is recognized as the best medicine worldwide for treating CPP in order to increase children's final adult height; however, it has some adverse effects on the growth and development of children. This paper reviews the effects of CPP and GnRHa on children's physical and sexual development, with the aim of increasing physicians awareness of this disease and the safety of medication.
Body Height ; Body Weight ; Bone Development ; Child ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; physiopathology ; Reproduction ; Sexual Development

Children with abnormal sex development may present with ambiguous genitalia in the newborn period or lacking of secondary sexual characteristics in puberty. Clinicians should make a prompt and accurate diagnosis and counsel parents on therapeutic options to minimize or avoid medical and psychological complications. 5alpha-reductase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sex development caused by a mutation of the 5alpha-reductase type 2 gene. As a result, there is an abnormality in conversion of testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and children with 5alpha-reductase deficiency are born with ambiguous genitalia. Here, we report identical twins who presented with ambiguous genitalia with a 46,XY karyotype and were diagnosed as 5alpha-reductase deficiency.
Child ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotype ; Parents ; Puberty ; Sexual Development ; Testosterone ; Twins, Monozygotic

True hermaphroditism is a rare disorder or sexual development in which both ovarian and testicular tissue exist in a same individual. Author experienced a case of true hermaphroditism in a 15 years old patient, reared as a male who had an ovotestis in the right side and ovary in the left, managed by resection of testicular tissue and feminine genitoplasty.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ovary ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development* ; Sexual Development

Disorders of sex development (DSD) refer to a group of diseases characterized by abnormal congenital development of chromosomes, gonad or genitals with different pathophysiological changes and clinical manifestations. DSD is more common in neonates and adolescents, and neonates often show genital abnormalities while adolescents show abnormal sexual development during puberty. It is the international consensus that the scope of DSD should include basic clinical evaluation (internal and external genitalia and endocrine hormones), diagnostic confirmation (chromosome, genetic diagnosis), psychological assessment for children and family, treatment (sex assignment, hormone replacement and surgical intervention), potential fertility protection and long-term follow-up, which require the expertise of pediatric endocrinology, pediatric urology, clinical psychology, genetic disciplines, medical images and other related disciplines; that is, individualized management of children with DSD requires an experienced multidisciplinary team (MDT). This article reviews the recent progress on the evaluation, diagnosis and management of disorders of sex development.
Consensus ; Disorders of Sex Development ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine ; trends ; Sexual Development

PURPOSE: This study was to developed to create a CD-ROM and an educational program for the prevention of sexual harassment and violence and to contribute to the perception and add to the coping of the victims of sexual harassment and violence as well as the child, parents, and teachers. METHOD: The study's methods were literature reviews, surveys, and assessments of the negotiation process for educational needs of sexual harassed and abused children. RESULT: The sexual harassment and violence prevention program will contain four subjects : 1) sexual development of a preschool child, 2) characteristics of sexual harassment and violence of a preschool child, 3) safe sex, early detection of sexual violence syndrome, and coping strategies. The CD-RON was composed from three sites. The first was a child site, the second was a parent/teacher site, and the third was a game site for evaluations. The child site consisted of 10 possible scenarios of sexual harassment and violence that a child could experience. The parent/teacher site consisted of knowledge and information for prevention and coping strategies for sexual harassment and violence. At the end of each situation question and answer sections that were used for formative evaluation. Also, the game site could be a summative evaluation. CONCLUSION: The effects of this program and the CD-ROM were based of the promotion of reverence for humanity and gender equality for preschool childen. Eventually, children, parents, and teachers will have prevention and coping ability that will reduce the occurrence of sexual harassment and violence in Korea.
CD-ROM* ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Parents ; Safe Sex ; Sex Offenses* ; Sexual Development ; Sexual Harassment* ; Violence

Intersex is the state of having ambiguous or inappropriate genitalia due to abnormalities of normal mechanisms for sexual development. Three broad subcategories of intersex have been defined according to the histology of the gonad: Female & male pseudohermaphroditism and true hermaphroditism. Twenty two cases of intersex are described. Among them, true hermaphroditism was 7 cas-es, female pseudohermaphroditism 10 cases and male pseudohermaphroditism 5 cases. The presenting symptoms, age of diagnosis, gender role, histologic findings of gonad & tre-atment are discussed. Review of literature and reference on intersex was attempted briefly.
46, XX Disorders of Sex Development ; 46, XY Disorders of Sex Development ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Genitalia ; Gonads ; Humans ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development ; Sexual Development