No abstract available.
Parturition* ; Seasons* ; Sex Characteristics*

Illustrations in almost all textbooks and atlases of anatomy normally show that the zygomatic arch (ZA) and coronoid process (CP) of the mandible overlap vertically. Their topographic relationship is important for plastic surgeons in various situations, such as restorations of ZA fractures. The present study investigated the topographic relationship between the ZA and CP of the mandible in three-dimensional models of Korean human cadavers. The topographic relationship was classified into three types: overlapped, tangential, and separate. The overlapped type was the most common, but the three types showed similar incidences in three-dimensional models. There were no lateral or sex differences according to the three types. The incidence of both sides showing the same type was 70.1%. In conclusion, the predominance of illustrations in almost all textbooks and atlases showing the overlapped type is misleading, since the other two types - where the CP of the mandible does not overlap the ZA - are almost as common.
Cadaver ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mandible ; Sex Characteristics ; Zygoma

The palm prints are unique in each individual and permanent for a lifetime. The atd angle of palm is formed by triradii of palm prints. The aim of this study is to identify the reasons why males have smaller atd angles, even with larger palms than females have. This study was done on 379 individuals (males : 174 individuals, females : 205 individuals). Data were collected by measuring atd angles using a protractor, distance from triradii a to d, length from triradii t to the distal palmar crease (DPC), palm breadth at metacarpals and palm length perpendicular using digital callipers. The data were analyzed through the frequency, independent sample t-test, paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS win 14.0. This study showed that atd angles of 39.2 degrees in males are significantly smaller than those of females (40.5 degrees). Males' were wider than females' in palm breadth, palm length and distance from triradii a to d, however, there was no sexual difference in the length from triradii t to the DPC. In addition, the ratio of palm breadth to palm length was higher in males than in females, however, the ratio of the length from triradii t to the DPC to palm length, and the ratio of the distance from triradii a to d to palm breadth of males were lower than those of females. Especially, atd angles in males and females were more correlative with the ratio of the length from triradii t to the DPC to palm length. The results of this study suggest that the differences in the atd angles between males and females arise from the ratio of length from triradii t to the DPC to palm length and the ratio of distance from triradii a to d to palm breadth. In both of the cases, males exhibited lower ratios than females. Especially, the ratio of the length from triradii t to DPC to palm length affected more to the atd angle than any other ratios.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpal Bones ; Sex Characteristics

The author measured the corneal curvature, its thickness and anterior chamber depth of the 107 normal Koreans (214 eyes) visited to the eye department. Ewha Womans University Hospital. The following results were obtained: 1. The average horizontal and vertical corneal curvature was 7.849 +/- 0.258mm and 7.727 +/- 0.251mm respectively. The average central corneal thickness was 0.506 +/- 0.021mm and anterior chamber depth was 2.943 +/- 0.27Imm. 2. There were no statistically significant differences between right and left eye values in corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth, but left eye values in central corneal thickness were significantiy thicker than right eye values(p<0.01). 3. The sex differences with larger male eye values in corneal curvature, central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth were proved to be significant. 4. The central corneal thickness had a tendency to decrease in older age groups and the vertical corneal curvature was relatively flatter than horizontal curvature. The anterior chamber depth was significantly shallower in older age groups(p<0.001). 5. No correlations could be found for corneal curvature against central corneal thickness or anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness against anterior chamber depth, but there was very high correlation between horizontal and vertical corneal curvature(r=0.907, p<0.001).
Anterior Chamber* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics

This statistical analysis was made out of 2,259 clinical cases (9. 9%) of akin disorders in the aged group over 50 years of age, among from the total 22,931 cases of outpatients, from 1974 to 1978, at Department of Dermatology, Sung-Sim HospitaI. Sex difference of the patients-male, 1, 057 (46. 8%), female, 1, 202 (53. 2%)-was found statistically significant. (countinued...)
Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Sex Characteristics ; Skin*

In this study, we investigated where the sex differences of object-location binding memory performance were influenced by the cognitive load. We used the fractal objects version of the ‘What was where?’ task to measure object memory, location memory and objection-location binding memory. Cognitive load was controlled by task difficulty presented two sessions: one session randomly displayed three or four fractal objects (Session 34) and the other session four or five objects (Session 45). The results showed that females outperformed males on object-location binding memory. Interestingly, even when the four object trials were compared between Session 34 and Session 45, in which we believed that the level of difficulty was similar while cognitive load varied, the swap error of males was significantly increased in Session 45 compared to females. In conclusion, there may be sex differences in object-location binding memory and the males could be more sensitive about the cognitive load than females.
Female ; Fractals ; Humans ; Male ; Memory* ; Sex Characteristics*

No abstract available.
Biomedical Research ; Research Design ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors ; Oral Health

Animals ; Callithrix ; Sex Factors ; Vocalization, Animal ; Sex Characteristics

PURPOSE: To propose a standard value for the maxillary sinus volume of a normal Korean adult by measuring the width and height of the sinus and analyzing their correlation and the difference of the sinus size respectively between sexes, and on the right and left sides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two(95 maxillary sinuses) out of 20 years or over aged patients who had taken CT in the Department of Dental Radiology, Yonsei University, Dental Hospital, between February 1997 and July 1999 who were no specific symptom, prominent bony septa, pathosis, clinical asymmetry and history of surgery in the maxillary sinus were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The mean transverse width, antero-posterior width, height and volume of the normal Korean adult's maxillary sinuses were 28.33 mm, 39.69 mm, 46.60 mm and 21.90 cm3, respectively. There was a significant sex difference in the sinus volume(p<0.05). In the mean antero-posterior width, height and volume of the sinus, no significant difference was observed between both sides. All four measurements showed a significant correlation between both sides(p<0.0001). The widths and height of the sinus all showed a significant correlation with the sinus volume(p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: In the Korean normal adult's maxillary sinus, males tended to be larger than females. Except for the transverse width, all of the measurements showed no significant difference between the right and left side, but significant correlations in the four measurements between both sides were observed. Thus, the overgrowth or undergrowth in the unilateral maxillary sinus may suggest a certain pathosis or developmental abnormalities in the maxillary sinus.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Characteristics

We compared the differences of the intraocular pressure measured by the applanation and the Schiotz tonometer according to the ocular rigidity and its changes. We also did it by sex difference, age and the ocular rigidity range. The Korean 254 normal eyes, 12 aphakic eyes, 32 mydriatics treated eyes and 102 myopic eyes were examined. The intraocular perssure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer and Schiotz indentation tonometer using the 5.5 gram and 10.0 gram plunger load successively. The ocular rigidity was estimated from the Moses and Becker table. The results were as follows: 1. The mean ocular rigidity of the male and the female Korean was 0.0157 and 0.0195, respectively. There was no significant differences between the two tonometric values. 2. There was no significant ocular rigidity changes according to ages, and there was no statistically significant differences between the two tonometric values, 3. There was no statistically significant differences between the two tonometric values according to the ocular rigidity range. 4. The mean ocular rigidity of normal eyes, aphakic eyes. mydriatics treated eyes and myopic eyes was 0.0183 0.0166, 0.0164 and 0.0170, respectively, and there was no significant differences between the two tonometric values in each groups.
Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Manometry* ; Mydriatics ; Sex Characteristics