No abstract available.
Parturition* ; Seasons* ; Sex Characteristics*

This statistical analysis was made out of 2,259 clinical cases (9. 9%) of akin disorders in the aged group over 50 years of age, among from the total 22,931 cases of outpatients, from 1974 to 1978, at Department of Dermatology, Sung-Sim HospitaI. Sex difference of the patients-male, 1, 057 (46. 8%), female, 1, 202 (53. 2%)-was found statistically significant. (countinued...)
Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Sex Characteristics ; Skin*

The palm prints are unique in each individual and permanent for a lifetime. The atd angle of palm is formed by triradii of palm prints. The aim of this study is to identify the reasons why males have smaller atd angles, even with larger palms than females have. This study was done on 379 individuals (males : 174 individuals, females : 205 individuals). Data were collected by measuring atd angles using a protractor, distance from triradii a to d, length from triradii t to the distal palmar crease (DPC), palm breadth at metacarpals and palm length perpendicular using digital callipers. The data were analyzed through the frequency, independent sample t-test, paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS win 14.0. This study showed that atd angles of 39.2 degrees in males are significantly smaller than those of females (40.5 degrees). Males' were wider than females' in palm breadth, palm length and distance from triradii a to d, however, there was no sexual difference in the length from triradii t to the DPC. In addition, the ratio of palm breadth to palm length was higher in males than in females, however, the ratio of the length from triradii t to the DPC to palm length, and the ratio of the distance from triradii a to d to palm breadth of males were lower than those of females. Especially, atd angles in males and females were more correlative with the ratio of the length from triradii t to the DPC to palm length. The results of this study suggest that the differences in the atd angles between males and females arise from the ratio of length from triradii t to the DPC to palm length and the ratio of distance from triradii a to d to palm breadth. In both of the cases, males exhibited lower ratios than females. Especially, the ratio of the length from triradii t to DPC to palm length affected more to the atd angle than any other ratios.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpal Bones ; Sex Characteristics

Illustrations in almost all textbooks and atlases of anatomy normally show that the zygomatic arch (ZA) and coronoid process (CP) of the mandible overlap vertically. Their topographic relationship is important for plastic surgeons in various situations, such as restorations of ZA fractures. The present study investigated the topographic relationship between the ZA and CP of the mandible in three-dimensional models of Korean human cadavers. The topographic relationship was classified into three types: overlapped, tangential, and separate. The overlapped type was the most common, but the three types showed similar incidences in three-dimensional models. There were no lateral or sex differences according to the three types. The incidence of both sides showing the same type was 70.1%. In conclusion, the predominance of illustrations in almost all textbooks and atlases showing the overlapped type is misleading, since the other two types - where the CP of the mandible does not overlap the ZA - are almost as common.
Cadaver ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mandible ; Sex Characteristics ; Zygoma

The author measured the corneal curvature, its thickness and anterior chamber depth of the 107 normal Koreans (214 eyes) visited to the eye department. Ewha Womans University Hospital. The following results were obtained: 1. The average horizontal and vertical corneal curvature was 7.849 +/- 0.258mm and 7.727 +/- 0.251mm respectively. The average central corneal thickness was 0.506 +/- 0.021mm and anterior chamber depth was 2.943 +/- 0.27Imm. 2. There were no statistically significant differences between right and left eye values in corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth, but left eye values in central corneal thickness were significantiy thicker than right eye values(p<0.01). 3. The sex differences with larger male eye values in corneal curvature, central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth were proved to be significant. 4. The central corneal thickness had a tendency to decrease in older age groups and the vertical corneal curvature was relatively flatter than horizontal curvature. The anterior chamber depth was significantly shallower in older age groups(p<0.001). 5. No correlations could be found for corneal curvature against central corneal thickness or anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness against anterior chamber depth, but there was very high correlation between horizontal and vertical corneal curvature(r=0.907, p<0.001).
Anterior Chamber* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics

In this study, we investigated where the sex differences of object-location binding memory performance were influenced by the cognitive load. We used the fractal objects version of the ‘What was where?’ task to measure object memory, location memory and objection-location binding memory. Cognitive load was controlled by task difficulty presented two sessions: one session randomly displayed three or four fractal objects (Session 34) and the other session four or five objects (Session 45). The results showed that females outperformed males on object-location binding memory. Interestingly, even when the four object trials were compared between Session 34 and Session 45, in which we believed that the level of difficulty was similar while cognitive load varied, the swap error of males was significantly increased in Session 45 compared to females. In conclusion, there may be sex differences in object-location binding memory and the males could be more sensitive about the cognitive load than females.
Female ; Fractals ; Humans ; Male ; Memory* ; Sex Characteristics*

No abstract available.
Biomedical Research ; Research Design ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors ; Oral Health

Animals ; Callithrix ; Sex Factors ; Vocalization, Animal ; Sex Characteristics

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the age and sex differences of the fractal dimension of the normal parotid glands in the digitized CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The six groups, which were composed of 42 men and women from 20`s, 40`s and 60`s and over were picked. Each group contained seven people of the same sex. The normal parotid CT images were digitized, and their fractal dimensions were calculated using Scion ImagePC program. RESULTS: The mean of fractal dimensions in males was 1.7292(+/-0.0588) and 1.6329(+/-0.0425) in females. The mean of fractal dimensions in young males was 1.7617, 1.7328 in middle males, and 1.6933 in old males. The mean of fractal dimensions in young females was 1.6318, 1.6365 in middle females, and 1.6303 in old females. There was no statistical difference in fractal dimension between left and right parotid gland of the same subject(p>0.05). Fractal dimensions in male were decreased in older group(p<0.05) and larger than female in same age group(p<0.05). But fractal dimensions in female had a tendency to decrease in older group but no statistical difference between ages(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The fractal dimension of parotid glands in the digitized CT images will be useful to evaluate the age and sex differences.
Female ; Fractals* ; Humans ; Male ; Parotid Gland* ; Sex Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of frontal facial type (FFT) and sex on preferred chin projection (CP) in three-dimensional (3D) facial images. METHODS: Six 3D facial images were acquired using a 3D facial scanner (euryprosopic [Eury-FFT], mesoprosopic [Meso-FFT], and leptoprosopic [Lepto-FFT] for each sex). After normal CP in each 3D facial image was set to 10° of the facial profile angle (glabella–subnasale-pogonion), CPs were morphed by gradations of 2° from normal (moderately protrusive [6°], slightly protrusive [8°], slightly retrusive [12°], and moderately retrusive [14°]). Seventy-five dental students (48 men and 27 women) were asked to rate the CPs (6°, 8°, 10°, 12°, and 14°) from the most to least preferred in each 3D image. Statistical analyses included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the distribution of preferred CP in the same FFT between male and female evaluators. In Meso-FFT, the normal CP was the most preferred without any sex difference. However, in Eury-FFT, the slightly protrusive CP was favored in male 3D images, but the normal CP was preferred in female 3D images. In Lepto-FFT, the normal CP was favored in male 3D images, whereas the slightly retrusive CP was favored in female 3D images. The mean preferred CP angle differed significantly according to FFT (Eury-FFT: male, 8.7°, female, 9.9°; Meso-FFT: male, 9.8°, female, 10.7°; Lepto-FFT: male, 10.8°, female, 11.4°; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings might serve as guidelines for setting the preferred CP according to FFT and sex.
Chin* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Students, Dental