A look at the reports of accidents or near accidents in our hospital revealed that the incidence of falls or stumbles in children was at the top of the list in frequency. In the past five years, our pediatric ward has experienced an average of about 10 such cases annually. Regarding the risk of falling, advice is given by nurses to parents during the orientation session when their babies and little children are hospitalized. However,the advice was entirely subjective - not going by any rule or guidelines. Recently, an assessment score sheet for the risk factors for falling and a preventive measure against falls was drafted and trial used, with the result that changes were observed in the way the nurses in their 20s watch and take care of the little patients. Moreover, they became able to look after the infants according to their age, developmental stage and disposition. The use of the common pamphlet helped the young nurses gain selfconfidence even though they are inexperienced in child-rearing and nursing.  From these results, we concluded that the uniform guideline and order of priority led to the improvement of the quality of nursing in the nurses in their 20s.

We have established NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) in our hospital and concentrated our efforts on improving the contents of medical treatment since 1976 in order to accomplish a regionalization of neonatal medical treatment in our district.
Thereafter, the mortality rate of low birth weight infants at different weight have decreased markedly. During this period, we have gathered information by means of questinnaire concerning the prognosis of low birth weight (below 2, 000 g) infants whowere admitted in our hospital in the preimprovement period of five years (1971 through 1975, Group 1; N =110) and in the post-improvement period of five years (1976 through 1980, Group 2; N = 96).
The results were as follows:
1, In terms of height and weight, both groups revealed to be no less than those of normal infants.
2. The occurrence of cerebral palsy in Group 2 (2.2%) decreased to below one third of Group 1 (7.5%).
3. There were two infants with blindness resulting from retrolental fibloplasia in Group 1 and one in Group 2.
4. As regards the occurrence rate of epilepsy, there were two children with it in Group 1 (1.98%) and one in Group 2 (1.1%), whereas four children in Group 1 had episodes of afebrile convulsion.
5. Five (5.4%) of 92 grade-school pupils in Group 1 were attending a clss for handicapped.
From these results, it may be concluded that the improvement of neonatal medical treatment brought about a decrease of death rate of low birth weight infants and the improvement of theirprognosis as well.

We have established NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) in our hospital and have made efforts to improve the contents of medical treatment since 1976 in order to establish a regionalization of neonatal medical treatment.
Thus are main items of the improvement:
1. Completed the apparatuses and equipments needed in Intensive Care.
2. Promoted the communication with regional facilities of delivery so as to enable immature or stressed mature babies to be transported to our hospital at all hours.
3. Made Pediatrician attend all the deliveries with high risk factors and treat the asphyxiated newborn right after the delivery.
We have recorded the results of comparison of the death rate of immature babies at different birth weight treated in our hospital, and of the perinatal mortality in our Obstetric Department in the pie-improvement period of 5 years (1971-1975) and in the post-improvement period of 4 years (1976-1979) respectively.
The results are as follows:
1. A comparison of the death rate of immature babies at different birth weight.
In comparison of pre and post improvement, under 1, 000 g we haven't had enough cases to compare, besides most of the babies have died. However, at the weight between 1, 001-1, 500 g, the death rate has decreased from 39.4% down to 14.3%, at between 1, 501-2, 000g it has decreased from 11.4% down to 8.9%, and at between 2, 001-2, 500 g, from 6.9% to 1.1%.
2. A comparison of the perinatal mortality in our Obstetric Department.
The perinatal mortality has decreased from 18.5% down to 11.8% when we compare pre and post improvement. This result of the decrease depends on the decrease of fetal death at delivery and baby's death in the early neonatal period. Items of the causes of early neonatal death reveals that the deaths of immature babies and asphyxiated mature babies have decreased significantly.
From these results, we are fully realized the benefit of the regionalization of the neonatal medical treatment and I think we ought to promote such regionalization especially in rural area.