[Objective] To determine the effects against human simplex virus type I(HSV-1) and adenovirus type Ⅲ(ADV-3) anti-viral in vitro and in vivo of eye drop prepared by mixed extract of Heartleaf houttuynia and Lonicera japonica.[Methods] By using different numbers of host cells with cytopathic effect(CPE) as the observation index,models of HSV-1 infected Vero cells and ADV-3 infected HeLa cells were established to determine the anti-viral effects in vitro of HLD with different dosages.Rabbit eye conjunctivitis model infected by HSV-1 was established to observe the anti-viral effects in vivo of HLD with different dosages,and the biopsy specimens of pathogenic eye conjunctive tissue were examined by routine pathological methods.In these experiments,a commercial acilovir eye drop(ACV) was used as the control.[Results] The minimum dosages of HLD to completely inhibit the CPEs of HSV-1 and ADV-3,the host cells were 32 mg/ml and 64 mg/ml respectively.After treatment with HLD,the inflammatory reactions of rabbit eye conjunctivitis caused by HSV-1 infection were obviously weak or disappeared.The curative rates of 1,3 and 6 g/ml HLD treating experimental rabbit eye conjunctivitis were 50.0%,83.3% and 100% respectively.Furthermore,the curative effect using 6 g/ml HLD has no significant difference compared to that using ACV drop.[Conclusion] HLD has a certain anti-viral effect in vitro and a stronger anti-viral effect in vivo,indicating the potential of HLD for developing a new drug to prevent or treat viral eye conjunctivitis.

[Objective]To observe the effects of borneol on the pharmackinetics of scutellarin after intranasal administration in rats.[Method]The different time of plasma scutellarin concentration was determined by the method of 125I label after iv injection or intranasal administration,intranasal administration of scutellarin(combined with 1% borneol)0.4 mg?kg-1 in SD rats.To calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters by 3P87 software.[Result]The time of maximum concentration(Tmax)and the maximum concentration(Cmax)at the class of intranasal administration is 25.0 min,0.55ug/ml,at the class of intranasal administration(combined with borneol)46.5 min,0.50ug/ml;the absolute bioavailability of intranasal administration is 53.70%,while the intranasal administration(combined withborneol)is 52.86%,there is no statistically significant differences compared with each other.[Conclusion]The borneol prolongs the peak time of plasma scutellarin concentration after intranasal administration in rats,but AUC is not influenced.

Cultivating students' creative spirit was an important aim of higher education,and improving scientific research ability was an effective way to realize this aim.Using Journal of Zhejiang Medical College as the carrier,Journal editorial department tried to improve students' scientific research ability.For instance,served fund projects,found competition's added value,offered course about research design and paper writing.The students' scientific research ability was improved.

AIM: To analyze the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of PIA genes isolated from N. gonorrhoeae and to construct the prokaryotic expression system of PIA gene.METHODS: The entire PIA genes from 9 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were amplified by using high fidelity PCR. The target amplification fragments were sequenced after T-A cloning. Homology comparison of the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of PIA genes from the isolates with the reported sequences in GenBank was then performed. A prokaryotic expression system of PIA gene was constructed. Different dosages of IPTG were applied to induce the expression of the target recombinant protein (rPIA) and 10% SDS-PAGE plus Bio-Rad Agarose Image Analysor was used to determine the expression level of rPIA. rPIA was extracted using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and the purified effect was detected by SDS-PAGE.RESULTS: In comparison with the reported PIA gene sequences (GenBank No: L19962), the homologies of nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of PIA genes from the isolates were 99.6%-100% and 99.1%-100%, respectively, which indicated that all the isolates were belonging to serovars IA6. Output of rPIA was as high as 50.1% of the total bacterial proteins. The purified rPIA only showed a single target protein fragment in gel.CONCLUSION: Serovar IA6 is dominant in the local N. gonorrhoeae isolates and sequences of the encoding gene are relatively conserved. The constructed prokaryotic expression system is able to express rPIA with high efficiency, which may lay a foundation for further development of serological detection kit and vaccine of N. gonorrhoeae.

Objective: To elucidate the mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) mediated anti-HBV effect. Methods: The CCK-8 kit was used to test cell viability in response to EGCG treatment. For HBV DNA replication assay, purified HBV DNA was analyzed by real-time PCR assay. Western blotting was used to confirm HNF4α expression in response to EGCG or siRNA treatment. Results: Our result showed that, EGCG treatment significantly decreasee HBV DNA level both in vivo and in vitro without affecting cell viability. Curiously, we found that EGCG treatment downregulated HNF4α expression. Considering that HNF4α could restrain HBV replication, we knocked down HNF4α in HepG2.2.15 cells and found that the response of HBV replication to EGCG decreased obviously. Conclusions The above result suggest that HNF4α could be an important intracellular factor in EGCG mediated anti-HBV signaling pathway.

Cephalosporin is still the first-line drug chosen for the treatment of gonorrhea, although it is likely to develop resistance to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recently, the resistance or low sensitivity of cephalosporin to Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been reported at home and abroad. The studies of resistance mechanism to Neisseria gonorrhoeae are particularly important. The resistance mechanism is mainly lied in three aspects. The first is the changes in antibiotic target sites, for example, the changes in penicillin-binding proteins would affect the binding of antibiotics to Neisseria gonorrhoeae; the second is the changes in bacterial cell membrane porin which effects drugs influxing; the third is the changes in efflux system which enhances the bacterial efflux capacity. To study and explore the mechanism of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of gonorrhea.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of developing brain-targeted nasal delivery system of scutellarin by the passage between nase and brain in nasal olfactory area.

METHODThe samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were prepared by cranial puncture and femoral artery catheterization methods respectively according to the certain sampling time after drug administered. The scuteIlarin concentration of samples were determined by 125 marked method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by trapezoidal rule. The brain-targeted trendence were evaluated by the value of the index AUC(brain)/AUC(plasma).

RESULTThe distribution of scutellarin in brain following intranasal administration was different between tissues. Drug concentration in olfactory bulb achieved to peak at 5-15 min after intranasal administration, while in brain tissue was 30-60 min. Above all, peak concentration in olfactory bulb and olfactory region respectively were (574.8 +/- 205.), (323.4 +/- 128.3) ng x g(-10, both are higher than CSF, which is (123.2 +/- 29.3) ng x g(-1). Moreover, the distribution of scutellarin given by intranasally in brain was: olfactory bulb (OB) > olfactory region (OR) > cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) > cerebellum(CB) > medulla oblongata (MO) > cerebrum (CR); AUC(0-240) of olfactory bulb, olfactory region and CSF after scutellarin intranasal administration were 5.54, 5.07 and 5.51 times of that after intravenous injection, respectively. And the AUC(0-240) of other brain tissues after intranasal administration were also higher than that after intravenous injection. AUC(brain tissue)/ AUC(plasma) of every brain tissues by intranasally are all higher than that by intravenously remarkably. For instance, 5 min after intranasal administration, the value of AUC(CSF)/ AUC(plasma), AUC(OB)/AUC(plasma), and AUC(CR)/AUC(plasma) were 30.34, 56.93, and 6.14 times of that by intravenously.

CONCLUSIONPart of scutellarin could be straightly transported into brain by the intranasal administration. Its absorption pathway was: the molecule of Scutellarin throughed olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity into olfactory bulb in arachno-hypostegal cavity, and then entered into olfactory region, CSF, cerebrum and cerebellum gradually. It showed that olfactory bulb was the only way for drug molecule to go through nasal cavity into brain. It had a significant trendence of brain-targeted when compared to oral administration and intravenous injection, which indicated a certain feasibility to develop a brain-targeted nasal delivery system for scutellarin.

Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Apigenin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Glucuronates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the application value of a special fence in percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD)under the guidance of C-arm CT.Methods A total of 43 patients who underwent PTCD were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The intervention operation in the observation group was guided by C-arm CT and located by special fence;in the control group,the intervention operation was only performed under digital subtraction angiography(DSA)fluoroscopy.Respectively,the differences in operation time,number of puncture needles and number of complications between the two groups were compared.Results The operation time,puncture times and complications in the observation group were(39.33±12.96)min,(1.67±0.80)times and 3 cases respectively;in the control group were(86.77±22.70)min,(3.41±1.26)times and 13 cases respectively;There were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of special fence in PTCD under the guidance of C-arm CT can short the operation time,reduce the number of punctures and reduce complications,which has important clinical application value.

Objective:To investigate the effect of organ dose modulation (ODM) technique on reducing the breast radiation dose in chest CT scanning.Methods:In the phantom test, the PBU-2 adult chest module was used. The clinical chest scan protocol was used and three sets of scans performed on the chest module： (1) ODM off group, ODM was not used; (2) ODM part group, ODM was applied only in the breast region； (3) ODM all group, ODM was applied in the whole scan scope. Other scan parameters were same for the three groups, with smart mA applied. The volume CT dose index (CTDI vol) was recorded for all three groups. A long rod ionization chamber was placed in a fixed position in front of the right breast area to measure the breast skin dose (D). The contrast noise ratio (CNR) and the figure of merit (FOM) were measured respectively. In clinical research, 72 female patients who underwent chest CT scanning in Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University from August to November 2018 were retrospectively recruited. According to the application of ODM, the patients were divided into ODM off group (without ODM, 36 cases) and ODM part group (ODM applied in the breast region, 36 cases). The CTDI vol and the dose length product (DLP) were recorded. CNR, noise of images were measured and calculated, respectively. The image quality was evaluated by subjective evaluation scores. The one way ANOVA analysis was used in comparing the difference of CNR among the 3 groups in module test. As for clinical cases, the independent samples t test was used to compare the difference in CTDI vol, DLP, CNR and the noise between two groups; and the rank-sum test was used for comparison in image quality subjective evaluation. Results:In module test, the radiation dose was highest in ODM off group, and lowest in ODM all group. The CTDI vol were (6.90±0.02), (6.26±0.02) and (5.99±0.02) mGy, and the D values were (9.17±1.01), (8.01±0.92) and (7.58±0.87) mGy for ODM off group, ODM part group and ODM all group respectively. The CNR values of images with soft tissue algorithm reconstruction were highest in ODM off group and lowest in ODM all group, while no statistically significant difference was displayed ( P>0.05). The CNR values of the images with lung algorithm reconstruction showed the same trend, with statistically significant difference among the three groups ( F=154.732, P=0.006). The FOM of the lung and soft tissue algorithm images was maximized when the ODM was partially applied. As for clinical cases, compared with ODM off group, the dose of ODM part group showed significantly decreased, with CTDI vol decreased by 16.12% ( t=2.604, P=0.011), and the DLP decreased by 16.85% ( t=3.293, P=0.002). No significant difference was found in CNR, noise and subjective score by two doctors between two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The application of ODM in chest CT imaging can reduce the radiation dose of breast with simultaneously maintaining the image quality.

Objective To explore the effects of detector width and pitch on radiation dose and image quality when using organ dose modulation (ODM) technology in a wide?area detector CT scanning. Methods Based on the clinical chest scan protocol,3 sets of scans of the chest phantom were performed using any combination of two detector width (40 mm and 80 mm) and pitch (0.500,1.000 and 1.375) with the same parameters:1 Do not use ODM technology (ODM off),2 open ODM (ODM part) 240 mm from scan start layer to breast area,3 open ODM (ODM all) in full 320 mm scan range. A long rod ionization chamber was placed in the fixed position in front of the right breast area. The scanning parameters of each group were measured 7 times, and the volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and breast skin dose measurement values D were recorded and the mean was calculated and recorded as Dav. The coronal 5 mm thick images of lung and soft tissue algorithms were reformed. It was divided into three parts in the Z?axis direction, and the contrast?to?noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM) were measured separately. Independent sample t test was used for CTDI and breast skin doses D and CNR at both detector widths. ANOVA was used for dose and CNR of three sets of pitch (0.500, 1.000, and 1.375) and the three ODM techniques. Result The FOM factor was the largest when using an 80 mm detector with a pitch of 0.992 and partially turning on the ODM. The radiation dose of the three ODM groups decreased in turn, and the effect of ODM on CTDIvol (P=0.019) and breast skin dose (P=0.002) was statistically significant. The width of the detector increased and the dose was increased. The width of the detector was statistically significant for CTDIvol (t=-2.723, P=0.015). There was no statistically significant effect on the breast skin dose (t=-0.908, P=0.377). The effects of the pitch were not statistically significant for CTDIvol (P=0.254) and breast dose (P=0.146). The CNR of the three ODM groups decreased in turn, and the effect of ODM on the soft tissue image CNR was not statistically significant (P=0.146). The CNR of lung algorithm image (P=0.030) had significant effects. The multiple comparisons:only ODM all was significantly different from ODM off (P=0.009). With the increase of detector width,the values of CNR increased,the values of CNR (t=-4.128,P=0.001) of lung images were significantly affected. The effects on the soft tissue images were not statistically significant (P=0.187). There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of pitch on the CNR (P=0.660) of the lung images. The effects of the pitch on the values of CNR of soft tissue images (F=11.756,P=0.001) were statistically significant. By multiple comparisons, the difference of CNR between 0.500 (P=0.000) and 1.375 (P=0.013) was statistically significant compared with that when the pitch was 1.000. There was no significant difference among the three ODM modes (P>0.05) on the values of CNR of upper and middle parts of lung and soft tissue arithmetic images. The differences of CNR between ODM all and the other two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) on the bottom part of images. Conclusion The changes of detector width and pitch will affect the organs dose modulation technique, and then affect the radiation dose and image quality. When using 80 mm detector with the pitch of 0.992 and partially turning on ODM in chest CT scan,achieving the optimized benefits of quality and dose.