Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; standards ; trends

China ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; trends

Biliary Tract Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Cholestasis ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects

Objective To observe the results of 45 cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) genotypic viral resistance test(GT) assay.Method The technitues provided by AB Applied Biosystem was used to check the mutations in the reverse transcriptase associated with significant viral resistance.Results Fourteen cases out of 40(35%)cases which failed from first line regimen showed resistance to both zedovudine(ZDV) and lamivudine(LMV),and 26 cases out of 40(65%) cases showed resistance to ZDV or lamivudine used in the first line.For no-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in habitor(NNRTIs),11 cases out of 40(27%) cases had resistance to nevirapine(NVP),29 cases out of 40(63%) cases showed resistance to both NVP and efairavir(EFV).Two cases out of 5 which failed from second line regimen showed that one drug from both first and second line had no resistance,so it still could be used in the new regimen.Conclusion GT assay is very useful for choosing a best and personalized regimen for AIDS patients.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the natural receptor of lipopolysaccharide(LPS), plays an important role in the regulation of acute inflammation, intracellular signal transduction and cell apoptosis. TLR4 over expresses in both acute inflammation and fibrotic tissues, which suggests that TLR4 may be essential in acute inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. Nowadays, some progress has been made in the exploration of TLR4 in pathogenesis and treatment of liver cirrhosis and pulmonary fibrosis. TLR4 may become a new target in the treatment of human fibrotic diseases including liver cirrhosis and pulmonary fibrosis. The research status of TLR4 in human fibrotic diseases and its future development are reviewed in this paper.

Diabetes Mellitus ; surgery ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; trends ; Organ Preservation ; methods ; trends ; Pancreas Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; trends ; Renal Insufficiency ; surgery

The afferent and efferent connections of middle suprasylvian gyrus (MSS) were studied in 18 cats by means of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 0.1～0.4?l of saline solution containing 50％ HRP and 2％ DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) was injected into the cortical areas (areas 5, 7, LS, 21, 19) of MSS according to the map of Heath and Jones (1971). The frozen sections were processed with TMB method. Each cortical area of MSS has reciprocal connections with ipsilateral pulvinar (PUL), lateral posterior nucleus (LP) and posterior nucleus (PN) of the lateral nuclear group of thalamus and central medial nucleus (NCM), paracentral nucleus (PC) and central lateral nucleus (CL) of the intralaminar nuclear group. The cortical areas in rostral part of MSS have additional connections with posterior nuclear group (PO), central median nucleus (CM), parafascicular nucleus (PF), ventral anterior nucleus (VA) and ventral lateral nucleus (VL). Labeled terminals are more packed in lateral nuclear group than in intralaminar nuclear group. In nuclear reticularis (R), zona incerta (ZI) and ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body (GLv) only labeled terminals could be found.In addition, labeled terminals were found in caudate nucleus, putamen, pretecrum, colliculus superior and nuclei pontis and labeled cells could be seen in locus caeruleus, amygdala and nuclei raphe. Both labeled cells and terminals were present in claustrum bilaterally, but notably ipsilaterally.

All the cortical areas in MSS except for area 7 have reciprocal connections with primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex (SⅠ, SⅡ) and with some thalamic nuclei which are related with specific sensations (e. g. layer B of lateral geniculate nucleus, medial interlaminar nucleus, medial part of posterior nuclear group).Area 7 lying in the central part of MSS, has close connections with its surrounding areas and is thus indirectly connected with the specific sensory system.Both homotopic and heterotopic callosal connections exist for some cortical areas of cat's MSS. The heterotopic callosal connections of a given cortical area are always corresponding to the areas which have ipsilateral connections with the given area.Most of the labeled cells are found in layer Ⅲ of cerebral cortex and are pyramidal in shape, the rest are in layer Ⅱ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ. The labeled terminals (and/or preterminals) are distributed to all layers of cortex, predominantly in superficial layers (Ⅰ～Ⅲ).

OBJECTIVETo study the enhancing effect of isoflavonoid genistein in irradiation (IR) on prostate DU145 cancer cells.

METHODSProstate cancer cell line DU145 was used in this experiment. Clonogenic assay was applied to compare the survival fractions of DU145 cells after treatments with genistein alone and/or graded IR. DNA electrophoresis and TUNEL method were applied to detect cell apoptosis. Cell cycle was observed using flow cytometry and related protein expressions by immunoblotting.

RESULTClonogenic assay demonstrated that genistein, even at low to medium concentrations, enhanced the radiosensitivity of DU145 cells. After treatments with IR and/or genistein for 24 h, apoptosis was mainly seen with genistein at high concentration and was minimally dependent on IR. Apoptosis also occurred after treatments for 72 h with lower concentrations of genistein, especially when combined with IR. While IR or genistein led to a G2/M cell cycle arrest, combination of them could further increase DU145 cells at G2/M phase. This G2/M arrest was largely maintained at 72 h, and accompanied by increasing apoptosis and hyperdiploid cell populations. Cell-cycle related protein analysis disclosed biphasic changes in cyclin B1, less markedly increased cdc-2 and stably elevated p21(cip1) levels with increasing genistein concentrations.

CONCLUSIONGenistein could enhance the radiosensitivity of DU145 prostate cancer cells. The mechanisms might be involved in the increased apoptosis, prolonged cell cycle arrest and impaired damage repair induced by the combined treatment.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; CDC2 Protein Kinase ; analysis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Cyclin B ; analysis ; Cyclin B1 ; G2 Phase ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; S Phase ; drug effects ; radiation effects

Objective To study the correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and voice disorders . Methods One hundred and three patients with reflux -related symptoms were recruited .The patients were evalu-ated with reflux symptom index (RSI) ,reflux finding score (RFS) evaluation and 24-hour dural-probe pH moni-toring .Eighty -nine cases with voice disorders were divided into 5 groups :vocal process granuloma (n=18) chron-ic pharyngolaryngitis (n=19) ,vocal polyps (n=15) ,vocal fold leukoplakia (n=21) and Reinke's edema (n=16) . The other 14 patients without voice disorders were the control subjects .Results According 24-hour dural -probe pH monitoring assessments ,48 .3% of the patients with voice disorders showed LPR positive .The positive rate in the vocal fold leukoplakia group (71 .4% ) and Reinke's edema group (75 .0% ) were significantly higher than the control group (35 .7% ) .RSI and RFS of the patients with Reinke's edema were both significantly higher than the control group(P=0 .020 ,P=0 .009) .RSI of the patients with chronic pharyngolaryngitis were significantly higher than the control group (P=0 .019) .The acid reflux episodes ,acid reflux time which except in the supine position of the vocal fold leukoplakia group were significantly higher than the control group .The acid reflux episodes ,acid ex-posure and acid reflux time which all except in the supine position of the Reinke's edema group were significantly higher than the control group .Conclusion The correlations between Reinke's edema ,vocal fold leukoplakia and LPR were stronger .In these two groups ,the acid reflux episodes were higher and acid reflux times were longer .