BACKGROUND:No international reports had shown that statins were effective for the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment. However, Chinese studies concerning effects of statins on vascular dementia had a smal sample size, so no definite conclusion was obtained.
OBJECTIVE:To perform a meta-analysis on effects of statins on vascular cognitive impairment, the methods recommended by the Cochrane Col aboration were used.
METHODS:The databases such as China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, VIP, Chinese Biological and Medical Database and PubMed Medline were searched by computer and manual y for randomized control ed trials about the effect of statins on vascular cognitive impairment. Retrieval time was from foundation to January 2013. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then the data were extracted. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This study final y included 15 randomized control ed trials, a total of 1 203 patients, including 616 in statins group and 587 in control group. The fixed and random effect models were used to analyze mini-mental state examination and activity of daily living scales including 14 scoring method and the Barthel index score. Compared with the control group, mini-mental state examination scores in the patients of statins group (14 randomized control trials, 1 112 patients) were, mean difference (MD)=3.02, 95%confidence interval (CI):2.26 to 3.77, P<0.000 1;activity of daily living scores (14 scoring method, 7 randomized control ed trials, 513 patients) were, MD=-4.14, 95%CI:-6.11 to-2.18, P<0.000 1;the Barthel index scores (2 randomized control ed trials, 171 patients) were, MD=11.62, 95%CI:9.78 to 13.46, P<0.001. Our study mentioned a total of 14 cases of adverse reactions. One case was in control group, and the other 13 cases were in statins group which were al caused by atorvastatin. There were no serious adverse reactions in statins group and the rate of adverse reactions was 2.1%. The current evidence suggested that statins can improve cognitive function in patients with vascular cognitive impairment, with good safety. However, further conclusion stil requests higher quality of randomized control ed trials.

Objective To observe the results of 45 cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) genotypic viral resistance test(GT) assay.Method The technitues provided by AB Applied Biosystem was used to check the mutations in the reverse transcriptase associated with significant viral resistance.Results Fourteen cases out of 40(35%)cases which failed from first line regimen showed resistance to both zedovudine(ZDV) and lamivudine(LMV),and 26 cases out of 40(65%) cases showed resistance to ZDV or lamivudine used in the first line.For no-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in habitor(NNRTIs),11 cases out of 40(27%) cases had resistance to nevirapine(NVP),29 cases out of 40(63%) cases showed resistance to both NVP and efairavir(EFV).Two cases out of 5 which failed from second line regimen showed that one drug from both first and second line had no resistance,so it still could be used in the new regimen.Conclusion GT assay is very useful for choosing a best and personalized regimen for AIDS patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the expression of IFI16 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods STAT3 decoy ODNs was transfected to PSMC in vitro,and RT-PCR was used to semiquantitatively analyze the IFI16 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) before and after the transfection.Results The mean level of IFI16 mRNA in ac- tive SLE group and inactive SLE group were much higher than that of normal control.The difference was sig- nificant (P＜0.05).However,there was no statistical difference between active and inactive SLE group (P＞0.05).After being transfected by STAT3 decoy ODNs,the level of IFI16 mRNA in active and inactive SLE group were markedly decreased comparing with negative controls.The difference was significant (P＜0.05). However,the difference was not significant in normal control (P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormal overex- pression of IFI16 mRNA in PBMC of patients with SLE suggests that IFI16 may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE and the overexpression of IFI16 may be mediated through JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Infectious endophthalmitis refers to the acute suppurative inflammation of the uveal and retinal, with acute onset, severe symptoms, and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis and effective treatment is particularly important.Based on the way of intraocular infection, endophthalmitis can be divided into endogenous endophthalmitis and exogenous endophthalmitis.In the East Asian, liver abscess is the main source of endogenous endophthalmitis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogen.Liver abscess endophthalmitis is a serious cause of blindness caused by intraocular infection.A liver infection disseminated through hematogenous and the primary focus was hidden, which makes the disease was easy to be confused with immune related uveitis, causing high misdiagnosis rate, delaying the best time for diagnosis and treatment.In this article we reviewed the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to the endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.

Objective: To clone the full-length cDNA of the uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene in Bupleurum chinense (BcUGT8), which may be involved with the saikosaponin biosynthesis, and to construct the prokaryotic expression vector. The work will provide the foundation for its further function verification by in vitro expression and activity analysis of the purified protein. Methods: RACE and LD-PCR were used to clone the full-length cDNA of BcUGT8, on the basis of its partial cDNA sequence obtained from our previous high-flux sequencing by Roche (454) GS FLX system. The open reading form (ORF) was PCR cloned using primers with corresponding restriction enzymes cutting sites. The PCR products were digested with corresponding restriction enzymes and then were inserted in expression vector pET-28a (+) to construct the recombinant expression vectors. Results: The full-length cDNA of UGT gene was cloned from B. chinense, and the prokaryotic expression vector was obtained. Conclusion: The full-length cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and prokaryotic expression vector construction provide a substantial foundation for follow-up bio-function analysis of BcUGT8 through protein expression, purification, and activity analysis in vitro.

Objective:To determine the levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in patients with unexplained habitual abortion(UHA).Methods:A total of 54 patients with UHA were studied,including 35 cases of nonpregnant woman which were called UNP group and 19 cases of pregnant women with inevitable abortion(IEA) which were called UIEA group.15 cases of normal pregnant(NP) and 15 cases of normal nonpregnant(NNP) women were selected as control groups.Supernatants from trophoblast-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) of nonpregnant women groups were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for interferon gamma(IFN-?),interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-10.Also,these cytokines were tested in the supernatants from PBMC and decidual mononuclear cells(DMC) of pregnant women groups.Results:①The levels of IL-2,IFN-? in trophoblast-activated PBMC supernatants of UNP group were higher and IL-4,IL-10 were lower than those of normal nonpregnant group( P

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment for primary presacral tumors.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients of primary presacral tumors from January 2013 to May 2015 were analysed retrospectively.Results Of the 42 patients,16 cases were asymptomatic while 26 patients had discomfort at the sacral or abdominal region,or difficulty in urinating or defecation.90％ of the cases were digital rectum examination (DRE) positive.Among the 42 patients 36 cases underwent surgical treatment,1 case underwent radiotherapy,5 cases refused surgical treatment.Among those receiving surgical resection,28 cases had trans-abdominal surgery and 4 cases had trans-sacral surgery,while 3 cases had trans-abdominal & trans-sacral surgery,1 case had trans-abdominal and perineal surgery.Tumors were completely resected in 31 cases,and palliatively resected in 5 cases.3 cases suffered from intra-operative presacral hemorrhage.1 case with delayed hemorrhage required surgical intervention.2 cases from incision infection recovered after wound disinfection and dressing.3 cases had postoperative hip or leg numbness;1 case with high fever was cured by intensive antibiotics treatment.Conclusion The low incidence of presacral tumors makes early detection difficult.A diagnosis can be obtained by a positive DRE combined with CT or MRI results.Resection is a therapy of choice after biopsies.

Objective:To study the nephrotoxicity induced by triptolide ( TP) on MDCK cell model and investigate its effect on oxidative stress. Methods:Aristolochic acid was chosen as the positive control. After the MDCK cells were incubated with 0. 5, 5, 50 and 500 nmol·L-1 TP for 24h, MTT method was used to observe the cell inhibiting rate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test was used to detect the cell membrane damage caused by TP. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. After the MDCK cells were incubated with 500 nmol·L-1 TP respectively for 30min, 1h, 2h, 4h and 6h, the level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) was detected using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate ( DCFH-DA) as the fluorescent probe. Results:Compared with those of the negative control group, the cell inhibiting rates and the relative LDH release rates in TP-treated group were increased sig-nificantly(P<0. 01). The cells in TP-treated group were creased, turned into the round shape and began to shed off. After the MDCK cells were incubated with TP for 30min, the level of ROS reached the highest value, and then began to decrease (P<0. 01). Conclu-sion:TP can induce the toxic effects on MDCK cells and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress.

Objective To study the correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and voice disorders . Methods One hundred and three patients with reflux -related symptoms were recruited .The patients were evalu-ated with reflux symptom index (RSI) ,reflux finding score (RFS) evaluation and 24-hour dural-probe pH moni-toring .Eighty -nine cases with voice disorders were divided into 5 groups :vocal process granuloma (n=18) chron-ic pharyngolaryngitis (n=19) ,vocal polyps (n=15) ,vocal fold leukoplakia (n=21) and Reinke's edema (n=16) . The other 14 patients without voice disorders were the control subjects .Results According 24-hour dural -probe pH monitoring assessments ,48 .3% of the patients with voice disorders showed LPR positive .The positive rate in the vocal fold leukoplakia group (71 .4% ) and Reinke's edema group (75 .0% ) were significantly higher than the control group (35 .7% ) .RSI and RFS of the patients with Reinke's edema were both significantly higher than the control group(P=0 .020 ,P=0 .009) .RSI of the patients with chronic pharyngolaryngitis were significantly higher than the control group (P=0 .019) .The acid reflux episodes ,acid reflux time which except in the supine position of the vocal fold leukoplakia group were significantly higher than the control group .The acid reflux episodes ,acid ex-posure and acid reflux time which all except in the supine position of the Reinke's edema group were significantly higher than the control group .Conclusion The correlations between Reinke's edema ,vocal fold leukoplakia and LPR were stronger .In these two groups ,the acid reflux episodes were higher and acid reflux times were longer .

BACKGROUND:Longitudinal study of changes in obesity is an important method to explore the etiology, which can provide scientific basis for preventing and control ing obesity.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of age, observation period and birth cohort on the obesity prevalence of adults in Jiangsu province through the age-period-cohort analysis.
METHODS:20-69-year-old adults in Jiangsu province were col ected as the research objects. The stratified cluster sampling method was used to col ect the obese data in 2000-2010, and analyzed with SAS software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Obesity prevalence of 1946-1950 birth cohort to 1976-1980 birth cohort was gradual y increased (P<0.05) from 2000 to 2010. Obesity prevalence from 1931-1935 birth cohort to 1941-1945 birth cohort was not significantly increased (P>0.05). With the increasing age in each age group of over 25 years old, the risk of obesity was increased gradual y. There were significant differences in the odds ratios between the baseline groups of 20-25 years old and the age groups of over 25 years (P<0.05). Compared with the 1995-1999 birth cohort, the other periods had a slight influence on the obesity prevalence (P>0.05). Compared with 1976-1980 birth cohort, there were no significant differences in the risks of obesity of the birth cohorts after 1951-1955 (P>0.05). But the risk of obesity from 1946-1950 birth cohort to 1931-1935 birth cohort was gradual y significant since the 2000;obesity risks of those born in the different times were different;rural area wil be the key area than 45 years old.