BACKGROUND:No international reports had shown that statins were effective for the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment. However, Chinese studies concerning effects of statins on vascular dementia had a smal sample size, so no definite conclusion was obtained.
OBJECTIVE:To perform a meta-analysis on effects of statins on vascular cognitive impairment, the methods recommended by the Cochrane Col aboration were used.
METHODS:The databases such as China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, VIP, Chinese Biological and Medical Database and PubMed Medline were searched by computer and manual y for randomized control ed trials about the effect of statins on vascular cognitive impairment. Retrieval time was from foundation to January 2013. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then the data were extracted. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This study final y included 15 randomized control ed trials, a total of 1 203 patients, including 616 in statins group and 587 in control group. The fixed and random effect models were used to analyze mini-mental state examination and activity of daily living scales including 14 scoring method and the Barthel index score. Compared with the control group, mini-mental state examination scores in the patients of statins group (14 randomized control trials, 1 112 patients) were, mean difference (MD)=3.02, 95%confidence interval (CI):2.26 to 3.77, P<0.000 1;activity of daily living scores (14 scoring method, 7 randomized control ed trials, 513 patients) were, MD=-4.14, 95%CI:-6.11 to-2.18, P<0.000 1;the Barthel index scores (2 randomized control ed trials, 171 patients) were, MD=11.62, 95%CI:9.78 to 13.46, P<0.001. Our study mentioned a total of 14 cases of adverse reactions. One case was in control group, and the other 13 cases were in statins group which were al caused by atorvastatin. There were no serious adverse reactions in statins group and the rate of adverse reactions was 2.1%. The current evidence suggested that statins can improve cognitive function in patients with vascular cognitive impairment, with good safety. However, further conclusion stil requests higher quality of randomized control ed trials.

Objective To investigate the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the expression of IFI16 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods STAT3 decoy ODNs was transfected to PSMC in vitro,and RT-PCR was used to semiquantitatively analyze the IFI16 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) before and after the transfection.Results The mean level of IFI16 mRNA in ac- tive SLE group and inactive SLE group were much higher than that of normal control.The difference was sig- nificant (P＜0.05).However,there was no statistical difference between active and inactive SLE group (P＞0.05).After being transfected by STAT3 decoy ODNs,the level of IFI16 mRNA in active and inactive SLE group were markedly decreased comparing with negative controls.The difference was significant (P＜0.05). However,the difference was not significant in normal control (P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormal overex- pression of IFI16 mRNA in PBMC of patients with SLE suggests that IFI16 may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE and the overexpression of IFI16 may be mediated through JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Objective To observe the results of 45 cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) genotypic viral resistance test(GT) assay.Method The technitues provided by AB Applied Biosystem was used to check the mutations in the reverse transcriptase associated with significant viral resistance.Results Fourteen cases out of 40(35%)cases which failed from first line regimen showed resistance to both zedovudine(ZDV) and lamivudine(LMV),and 26 cases out of 40(65%) cases showed resistance to ZDV or lamivudine used in the first line.For no-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in habitor(NNRTIs),11 cases out of 40(27%) cases had resistance to nevirapine(NVP),29 cases out of 40(63%) cases showed resistance to both NVP and efairavir(EFV).Two cases out of 5 which failed from second line regimen showed that one drug from both first and second line had no resistance,so it still could be used in the new regimen.Conclusion GT assay is very useful for choosing a best and personalized regimen for AIDS patients.

Infectious endophthalmitis refers to the acute suppurative inflammation of the uveal and retinal, with acute onset, severe symptoms, and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis and effective treatment is particularly important.Based on the way of intraocular infection, endophthalmitis can be divided into endogenous endophthalmitis and exogenous endophthalmitis.In the East Asian, liver abscess is the main source of endogenous endophthalmitis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogen.Liver abscess endophthalmitis is a serious cause of blindness caused by intraocular infection.A liver infection disseminated through hematogenous and the primary focus was hidden, which makes the disease was easy to be confused with immune related uveitis, causing high misdiagnosis rate, delaying the best time for diagnosis and treatment.In this article we reviewed the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to the endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.

Objective:To determine the levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in patients with unexplained habitual abortion(UHA).Methods:A total of 54 patients with UHA were studied,including 35 cases of nonpregnant woman which were called UNP group and 19 cases of pregnant women with inevitable abortion(IEA) which were called UIEA group.15 cases of normal pregnant(NP) and 15 cases of normal nonpregnant(NNP) women were selected as control groups.Supernatants from trophoblast-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) of nonpregnant women groups were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for interferon gamma(IFN-?),interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-10.Also,these cytokines were tested in the supernatants from PBMC and decidual mononuclear cells(DMC) of pregnant women groups.Results:①The levels of IL-2,IFN-? in trophoblast-activated PBMC supernatants of UNP group were higher and IL-4,IL-10 were lower than those of normal nonpregnant group( P

Objective: To clone the full-length cDNA of the uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene in Bupleurum chinense (BcUGT8), which may be involved with the saikosaponin biosynthesis, and to construct the prokaryotic expression vector. The work will provide the foundation for its further function verification by in vitro expression and activity analysis of the purified protein. Methods: RACE and LD-PCR were used to clone the full-length cDNA of BcUGT8, on the basis of its partial cDNA sequence obtained from our previous high-flux sequencing by Roche (454) GS FLX system. The open reading form (ORF) was PCR cloned using primers with corresponding restriction enzymes cutting sites. The PCR products were digested with corresponding restriction enzymes and then were inserted in expression vector pET-28a (+) to construct the recombinant expression vectors. Results: The full-length cDNA of UGT gene was cloned from B. chinense, and the prokaryotic expression vector was obtained. Conclusion: The full-length cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and prokaryotic expression vector construction provide a substantial foundation for follow-up bio-function analysis of BcUGT8 through protein expression, purification, and activity analysis in vitro.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment for primary presacral tumors.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients of primary presacral tumors from January 2013 to May 2015 were analysed retrospectively.Results Of the 42 patients,16 cases were asymptomatic while 26 patients had discomfort at the sacral or abdominal region,or difficulty in urinating or defecation.90％ of the cases were digital rectum examination (DRE) positive.Among the 42 patients 36 cases underwent surgical treatment,1 case underwent radiotherapy,5 cases refused surgical treatment.Among those receiving surgical resection,28 cases had trans-abdominal surgery and 4 cases had trans-sacral surgery,while 3 cases had trans-abdominal & trans-sacral surgery,1 case had trans-abdominal and perineal surgery.Tumors were completely resected in 31 cases,and palliatively resected in 5 cases.3 cases suffered from intra-operative presacral hemorrhage.1 case with delayed hemorrhage required surgical intervention.2 cases from incision infection recovered after wound disinfection and dressing.3 cases had postoperative hip or leg numbness;1 case with high fever was cured by intensive antibiotics treatment.Conclusion The low incidence of presacral tumors makes early detection difficult.A diagnosis can be obtained by a positive DRE combined with CT or MRI results.Resection is a therapy of choice after biopsies.

Objective:To study the nephrotoxicity induced by triptolide ( TP) on MDCK cell model and investigate its effect on oxidative stress. Methods:Aristolochic acid was chosen as the positive control. After the MDCK cells were incubated with 0. 5, 5, 50 and 500 nmol·L-1 TP for 24h, MTT method was used to observe the cell inhibiting rate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test was used to detect the cell membrane damage caused by TP. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. After the MDCK cells were incubated with 500 nmol·L-1 TP respectively for 30min, 1h, 2h, 4h and 6h, the level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) was detected using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate ( DCFH-DA) as the fluorescent probe. Results:Compared with those of the negative control group, the cell inhibiting rates and the relative LDH release rates in TP-treated group were increased sig-nificantly(P<0. 01). The cells in TP-treated group were creased, turned into the round shape and began to shed off. After the MDCK cells were incubated with TP for 30min, the level of ROS reached the highest value, and then began to decrease (P<0. 01). Conclu-sion:TP can induce the toxic effects on MDCK cells and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress.

Objective To find a method to improve the range accuracy of moving target such as peripheral lung tumors, since a single CT snapshot may not be accurate during the treatment process.Methods A simple harmonic motion phantom, embedded with a cube and a circular ball, was used to simulate the tumor motion. Individualized moving targets were scanned 24 times with different amplitudes and frequencies. Then the images were fused from every 1, 2 or 3 sets of CT scans. The GTV volume variation of circular target and the length variation of the cube target along the z axis were contoured and analyzed. Results As motion amplitude increased, the maximum of both circular target volume and cube target length was increased, while the minimum of the factors was decreased. Motion frequency affected the target volume less than amplitude. For a cube target with the length of 3.3 cm at stationary phase, when motion frequencies was 20 and motion amplitude was 2 cm, the maximal length was 2. 4 times of the minimal length (5. 1 cm vs. 2. 1 cm). When it came to the cube target groups fused from every 1,2 and 3 sets of CT scans, the average length and standard deviation were (3.77 ± 1.20) cm, (4.18 ±0. 91)cm and (4.52 ±0. 59) cm, respectively. With the increase of fused scan number, targets became bigger, the standard deviation decreased, and the change of center positions was decreased. Conclusions The motion amplitude, frequency and the number of CT scans are the main factors affecting target definition, though, the optimized scanning phase is not certained. When 4DCT and respiration gating technique are not available,the efficient and practical method to solve this problem is to scan the target three or more times and fuse them in planning system, which will generate a larger, more reproducible GTV volume for moving targets.

Objective To analyze the timing and frequency of spontaneous gasping during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model,and evaluate its value bearing some relation to duration of cardiac arrest (CA ) in predicting the severity of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction.Methods Twenty-seven healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly (random number)divided into 3 groups according to different durations of CA:CA 4 min (n=9),CA 6 min (n=9)and CA 8 min (n=9).CA of rats was electrically induced and untreated for 4,6 or 8 min respectively in the corresponding groups,and then cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)was initiated and continued for 8 min in all animals.The emergence timing and frequency of spontaneous gasping during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and resuscitation outcomes were documented.Myocardial function such as cardiac output,ejection fraction and Tei index was measured by echocardiography prior to CA and at 1 h,2 h and 4 h post-resuscitation.Results The earliest appearance of gasping with highest frequency was observed in the CA 4 min group during CPR.Gasping appeared later with decreased frequency observed following longer duration of CA.There were statistically significant differences in the timing and frequency of gasping among the 3 groups.In the CA 4 min group with frequent gasping,all animals were successfully resuscitated with 8-min CPR with the least number of defibrillation,which was significantly better than that in the CA 8 min group.During the evaluation of post-resuscitation myocardial function,cardiac output,ejection fraction and myocardial work index (Tei index) were better in the CA 4 min group with frequent gasping,worse in the CA 6 min group and worst in the CA 8 min group, showing statistically significant differences in cardiac function among the 3 groups. Conclusions The spontaneous gasping appeared sooner with higher frequency during cardiopulmonary resuscitation indicated shorter duration of CA,and predicted better success of resuscitation and post-resuscitation myocardial function.