Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the dried roots and rhizomes of Physochlaina infundibularis. Methods: Repeated chromatography with silica gel, macroporous resin, MCI, and Sephadex LH-20 columns was used to isolate the chemical constituents and their structures were elucidated based on physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results: Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as hyoscyamine (1), scopolamine (2), anisodamine (3), scopoletin (4), scopolin (5), umbelliferone (6), 6, 7-dimethoxycoumarin (7), 3-methoxyquercetin (8), isoquercitin (9), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (10), syringarenol (11), protocatechuic acid (12), methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (13), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (14), tropic acid (15), 4- hydroxybenzoic acid (16), and palmitic acid (17). Conclusion: Compounds 7-17 are firstly obtained from the plants in Physochlaina G. Don, and compound 5 is firstly obtained from P. infundibularis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on neuroapoptosis in hippocampus induced by isoflurane and the relationships with GSK-3β/CRMP2 pathway in neonatal rats. METHODS: Sixty neonatal rats at postnatal day 7 were assigned randomly into air + NS group, air + LiCl group, Iso + NS group, Iso + LiCl2, Iso + LiCl4 and Iso + LiCl8 group. Rats in groups of air + NS and air + LiCl were exposed to air for 6 h. Rats in groups of Iso + NS, Iso + LiCl2, Iso + LiCl4 and Iso + LiCl8 were exposed to 0.75% isoflurane for 6 h. Rats in groups of Air + NS and Iso + NS were injectedintracerebroventricularlywith NS 5 μL separately 30 min before exposure to air or isoflurane. Rats in groups of air + LiCl, Iso + LiCl2, Iso + LiCl4 and Iso + LiCl8 were injected intracerebroventricularly with LiCl 5 μL separately 30 min before exposureto air or isoflurane. Rats in groups of Iso + LiCl2, Iso + LiCl4, Iso + LiCl8 and Air + LiCl were injected intracerebroventricularly with LiCl5 μL separately 30 min before exposure with the different concentrations(20, 40, 80, 80 mmol·L-1, respectively). At the end of exposure, the hippocampus of some rats were separated and proteins expression of cleaved caspase-3, phospho-GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β), GSK-3β, phospho-CRMP2 (p-CRMP2) and CRMP2 were detected by Western blot (n=5); other rats were perfused and their brain were embedded by paraffin 2 h after exposure, the neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus CA1 area was detected by TUNEL staining (n=5). RESULTS: Lithium chloride (80 mmol·L-1) significantly decreased the cleaved caspase-3 levels(P < 0.01) induced by isoflurane in hippocampus of neonatal rats. TUNEL positive cells in CA1 area were significantly decreased by 41.69%(P < 0.01) in group Iso + LiCl8 when compared with those in group Iso + NS. The protein expressionof p-GSK-3β and p-CRMP2 in group Iso + NS were significantly decreased and increased respectivelycompared to those in group air + NS. The ratio of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β and p-CRMP2/CRMP2 in the hippocampal increased 41.03% (P < 0.05) and decreased 23.64%(P < 0.05) respectively in Iso + LiCl8 group when compared with Iso + NS group. CONCLUSION: Lithium chloride attenuates isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration through inhibiting hippocampal neuroapoptosis in neonatal rats. Inhibition of the activation of GSK-3β/CRMP2 signaling pathways may involve in the mechanisms.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; blood ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocytes ; Humans

This study left flavonoids and alkaloids Chinese herbal monomer with common parent nucleus as cream base carriages drug respectively, cream base were prepared with stable span 60-tween 80 emulsification system. The near-infrared stability analysis technology was performed to quantitatively characterize the physical stability of cream. Base on the theory of gel network structure, theory of emulsification, theory of solubility parameter and theory of double layer, the influence mechanism of Chinese herbal monomer on physical stability of cream was discussed. The results showed that tetrahydropalmatine, matrine and naringenin had similar solubility parameter value with cream base material, creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomer have higher Zeta potential value and stronger physical stability, and that those creams had similar microstructure information with cream base. However, a larger solubility parameter difference exists between baicalin, baicalein, berberine, palmatine and cream base material. Creams prepared with those Chinese herbal monomers had lower Zeta potential value and poorer physical stability, and that those creams had great different microstructure information with cream base.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Skin Cream ; chemistry ; Solubility

Objective To evaluate the effect of double tractors swing microendoscopic discectomy technique in multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation. Methods From December 2006 to November 2009,153 patients with multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation were treated with double tractors swing microendoscopic discectomy. They included 85 cases of multi-segmental disc herniation, 53 cases of degenerative canal stenosis and 15 cases of lumbar instability. Among them, 2, 3, 4 and 5 fenestrations were performed in 105,33, 13 and 2 cases respectively and interbody fusion was done with "quanhe" inflation cage and screws in 15 cases. The results were evaluated with Macnab scale. Results All the 153 patients were followed from 3to 36 months, with an average of 16 months. The mean operative time was 45, 61, 83 and 110 min for 2,3,4 and 5 fenestrations respectively, with a mean blood loss of 150 ml. And it took extra 92 min to finish interbody fusion. Complications included dural sac tears in 1 case,canda equina slight lesion in 1, superficial incision infection in 1, the formation of deep venous thrombosis in 1, and revision for"quanhe"inflation cage in 1. The mean hospital stay was 10 days. Excellent results were obtained in 117 cases, good in 32 and fair in 4. One hundred and thirty-two patients returned to their work or normal activities in 3 weeks. One hundred and forty-nine cases were satisfied with the therapeutic effect. Conclusion This technique not only can reach adjacent intervertebral space easily but also disperse pressure on the nerve root effectively. This technique can provide thorough decompression and good results.

Objective: To establish real-time qPCR method to analyze each HLA-C allele expression level of individual.Methods:Database including exon 2&3 sequences of HLA class Ⅰalleles was built ,HLA-C allelic specific primers were designed and the real-time quantitative PCR method for analyzing HLA-C allele expression level was built .The allelic specificity of these primers were confirmed in database and 835 normal peripheral blood samples of Han population .The mRNA level of each HLA-C allele from 20 pairs of liver tumor tissues and non-tumor tissues was analyzed by the qPCR method we built .Results:20 pairs of allelic specific primers were designed to distinguish the two HLA-C alleles of each individual with frequency over 0.96%in 835 cases of Han population.Among 55%of the liver cancer tissues ,the expression levels of the two HLA-C alleles from the same tumor tissue changes differently compared to that of the relevant non-tumor tissue.Conclusion:This study provides method for HLA-C allele expression level analysis of Han population and each HLA-C allele expression level is inconsistent of liver cancer tissue .

Objective To evaluate and compare the value of predicting diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis of the body mass index(BMI) and percent body fat(PBF),so as to provide the basis for evaluation of obesity.Methods Totally 3149 common residents in Jiangsu province were surveyed using the method of stratified and cluster sampling.Effective data included height,weight,PBF,blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV).Obesity was defined by percent body fat with the evaluation of WHO and ASBP.Areas under ROC curves(AUC)of BMI and PBF were estimated by the nonparametric test and then the two diagnostic tests were compared by predictive value of related diseases.Results(1)Predictive value of BMI to diagnose obesity(defined by PBF):AUC are respectively 0.949(for WHO standard)、0.906(for ASBP standard)in women and 0.864 in men.In age group,the 20-39 years have the highest AUC of BMI to predict obesity.P＜0.01 for above nonparametric tests.(2)According to ROC curves we got the adjusted cut-off points of BMI are respectively 26 kg/m2 in men and 25 kg/m2 in women for WHO standard or 26 kg/m2 in men and 23 kg/m2 in women for ASBP standard,while the specificity of predicting obesity decreased from 90％ ～ 99％ to 76％ ～87％,but the sensitivity significant increased from 17％ ～ 43％ to 78％ ～ 89％;After adjusting the cutoff points of BMI,the value of kappa of prevalence of obesity increased from 0.475 to 0.537 in men and 0.115 to 0.655 in women.(3)To predict hypertension,areas of BMI were 0.688(95％CI:0.656-0.720) in men and 0.745 (95％CI:0.708-0.782) in women,similarly,of PBF were 0.687 (95％CI:0.655-0.718) in men and 0.723(95％CI:0.681-0.764)in women;To predict arteriosclerosis there showed highly consistency that the areas of BMI were 0.613(0.586-0.641)in men and 0.692(95％CI:0.659-0.726)in women,meanwhile,for PBF they were 0.635 (95％CI:0.608-0.663) in men and 0.683 (95％CI:0.648-0.718) in women (P＜0.01).(4) Paired test of the two areas under ROC curves showed that PBF had higher diagnostic value than BMI in men to predict arteriosclerosis(u=2.05,P＜0.05),however,no statistical difference in women(u=0.75,P＞0.05)and in predicting hypertension(u=0.75 to men and u=1.26 to women,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Using BMI and PBF can all predict hypertension and arteriosclerosis effectively,thus,obesity can be evaluated suitably by both BMI and PBF in large-scale population study,especially in women and youth.Relatively,WHO standard of PBF is more suitable for Chinese population to evaluate obesity than ASBP standard.

Objectlve To assess the clinical effects and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept and macular photocoagulation for non-ischemic macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods A total of 50 patients (50 eyes) with non-ischemic macular edema following BRVO were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into 2 groups:ICI group (26 eyes) received intravitreal injection of conbercept,laser group (24 eyes) received standard-of-care grid laser for macular edema.The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were observed before and 1 week,1 month,2 months and 3 months after treatment.Then,the changes in pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared,and the related complications were recorded.Results The difference of BCVA before treatment was not significant between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).BCVA at 1 week,1 month,2 months and 3 months after treatment in two groups were all improved,the differences were statistically significant compared with before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05),and the differences were statistically significant between two groups after treatment (all P ＜0.05).At 3 months after treatment,BCVA of 18 patients (69.23％) in ICI group and 8 patients (33.33％) in ICI group improved 2 lines.The difference of CMT before treatment was not significant between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),CMT at 1 week,1 month,2 months and 3 months after treatment in two groups were all decreased,the differences were statistically significant compared with before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05),and the differences were statistically significant between two groups after treatment (all P ＜0.05).13 eyes received repeat intravitreal injection in ICI group,including 2 eyes at 1 month,7 eyes at 2 months with CMT ＞250 μm,and 3 eyes at 3 months.No severe side effect related with drug and intravitreal injection occurred in the two groups.Conclusion Mean BCVA change and CMT change are significantly greater in the intravitreal injection of conbercept than the standard-of-care grid laser group for the macuiar edema secondary to non-ischemic BRVO.

Objective To perform pathogenic surveillance of scarlet fever in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2014 ,and provide sci‐entific data for developing reasonable prevention policy for the disease .Methods The throat swab specimens from 212 patients who were diagnosed with streptococcal infection ,tonsillitis and angina in surveillance hospital were collected ,and from which the patho‐gens were isolated and identified .Results In the 212 samples ,the positive rate of A group hemolytic streptococcus were 21 .2%(45/212) .The patients were mainly 4-15 years old ,especially 6- <8 years old .The positive rate was highest in 6- <7 years old children .The peak of disease incidence was observed in May and June .Conclusion Preschools and schools were the key sites for scarlet fever prevention and control ,therefore ,the surveillance and prevention should be further strengthened to prevent the out‐break .

AIM To evaluate anti-gastric cancer effects and benefits of the combination therapy of celastrol and curcumin in vitro and in vivo.METHODS Curcumin,celastrol and curcumin + celastrol applied to BGC823 gastric cancer cells had their impact on the cells growth and apoptosis in vitro checked by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry of AnnexinV-FITC/PI;and their in vivo anti-tumor effect,systemic toxicity,and influence to the survival time evaluated by using BGC823-bearing gastric tumor mouse models induced by subcutaneous implantation.RESULTS IC50 of curcumin,celastrol and curcumin + celastrol on BGC823 cell were found to be at (57.47 ± 5.22),(2.11 ±0.07) and (0.22 ±0.01) μmol/L,respectively.Curcumin + celastrol achieved a most optimal BGC823 cell apoptosis rate of (73.07 ±3.82)％ at concentrations of (10 mol/L +2 mol/L);and they left a positive impact on the BGC823 gastric tumor-bearing mice,given a (64.87 ±4.16)％ inhibitory rate,and a 50.5-day median survival time.Additionally,the combination therapy demonstrated its less side effects in terms of the body weight,spleen and liver of the nude mice,and significantly improved serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6.CONCLUSION Combination of curcumin and celastrol shows significantly synergistic anti-gastric cancer effects in vitro and in vivo.