Opioid-switching (OS) is usually performed with conversion methods based on the equianalgesic dose table. However, the conversion ratios might lead to significant differences in clinical practice. No clear guideline exists for safe, effective switching from transdermal fentanyl (TF) to oxycodone injection (OXJ). We retrospectively investigated the adequate analgesia dose of OXJ in OS from TF by comparing with the equianalgesic calculated dose based on the conversion ratio of 1.0 : 41.7 between TF and OXJ. Patients with a pain scale score of 0 were assigned to the “NRS/VRS=0” group (n=4), and the remaining patients were assigned to the “NRS/VRS>0” group (n=27). During a 4-year period, 31 of 49 patients with cancer-related pain who underwent OS from TF to OXJ were investigated. All patients in the NRS/VRS=0 group (4/4, 100%) and most in the NRS/VRS>0 group (23/27, 85%) achieved adequate analgesia. Among the 27 patients with adequate analgesia, the median effective OXJ dose was 28% (interquartile range, 21-47) of the equianalgesic calculated dose in the well-controlled group and 103% (interquartile range, 71-164) in the poor analgesia group. Strong drowsiness developed in two patients the day after OS, and the OXJ dose was decreased. Our findings suggest that in patients without pain, it might be necessary to reduce the OXJ dose to approximately 30% of the equianalgesic calculated dose for safe OS from TF. Pain intensity and drowsiness due to an opioid overdose should be carefully monitored and may require dose adjustment.

OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the validity of the benchmark, 75 years old, that divides elderly people into an early and a late stage, based on health checkup results for two consecutive years. We also investigated prevalent health problems and improvement trends.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 1,416 subjects (1,007 early and 409 late elderly subjects) who received health checkups at the Health Care Center of the St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital between April 2006 and March 2007. The survey consisted of blood pressure, required blood test results, diagnoses according to the criteria defined by Kawasaki city, outcomes, and the presence or absence of a primary care doctor.
RESULTS: The number of subjects with anemia and/or renal dysfunction was significantly greater in the late elderly than the early elderly (p<0.01). The results of the survey demonstrated that 79.6% of the early elderly and 87.4% of the late elderly had primary care doctors (p<0.01). In the early elderly, 57.0% of the subjects with primary care doctors and 43.2% of those without primary care doctors showed improvement; the subjects with primary care doctors showed significant improvement compared to those without primary care doctors (p<0.05). In the late elderly, 50.2% of the subjects with primary care doctors and 54.2% of those without primary care doctors showed improvement, resulting in no significant difference between the subjects with and without primary care doctors.
CONCLUSIONS: We found differences in the detected health problems and outcomes between the early and late elderly. These results support the appropriateness of the current age segmentation and future prospects for medical care in detecting and managing health problems in the elderly.

No abstract available.
Carcinosarcoma*