1.Detection of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus ; Zakaria Zunita ; Siti Khairani Bejo ; Sarah Othman ; Nur Adilah Ahmad Nadzir
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2016;12(6):408-417-417
Aims: This study was designed to determine the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus
aureus isolated from dogs, cats, chickens and horses.
Methodology and results: A total of 15 S. aureus isolates were used in this study. Antibiogram and screening of
virulence genes was carried out using disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained
showed that a total of 9 S. aureus isolates were resistant towards oxacillin (60%), 9 isolates were resistant towards
neomycin (60%) and 8 isolates were resistant towards tilmicosin (53%). Resistance to amoxicillin, tetracycline and
vancomycin was also observed in 6 (40%) of the isolates. Additionally, 5 (33%) of the isolates showed resistance
towards streptomycin and linzolide while 4 (27%) of the isolates were resistant towards rifampin, erythromycin and
mupirocin. Lastly, 3 (20%) of the isolates were resistant towards doxycycline. Intermediate resistance to amoxicillin and
doxycycline was also observed. Virulence gene profiling showed that 4 (26.7%) of the isolates were positive for hlβ and
SspA, 9 of the isolates (60%) showed positive for geh and 12 of the isolates (80%) showed positive for Set-1. Similarly,
2 (13.3%) of the isolates showed positive for etA and Seu while only 1 isolate (6.7%) showed positive for PVL and hlα.
None of the isolates were positive for tst-1 and etB.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study revealed reduced susceptibility and multiple drug
resistance (MDR) in four isolates, and susceptibility to all antibiotics in two isolates in addition to low carriage rate of
virulence gene in all isolates. Thus, indicating resistance development in majority of the isolates and the need to regulate
indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animals.
Staphylococcus aureus
2.In vitro treatment of lipopolysaccharide increases invasion of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 into bovine aortic endothelial cells
Seng Kar YAP ; Zunita ZAKARIA ; Siti Sarah OTHMAN ; Abdul Rahman OMAR
Journal of Veterinary Science 2018;19(2):207-215
Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 causes hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo. The invasion mechanism of the bacterium when invading the bloodstream is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the effects of immunomodulatory molecules, namely dexamethasone and lipopolysaccharide, on the invasion efficiency of P. multocida serotype B:2 toward bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and the involvement of actin microfilaments in the invasion mechanism. The results imply that treatment of BAECs with lipopolysaccharide at 100 ng/mL for 24 h significantly increases the intracellular bacteria number per cell (p < 0.01) compared with those in untreated and dexamethasone-treated cells. The lipopolysaccharide-treated cells showed a significant decrease in F-actin expression and an increase in G-actin expression (p < 0.001), indicating actin depolymerization of BAECs. However, no significant differences were detected in the invasion efficiency and actin filament reorganization between the dexamethasone-treated and untreated cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that P. multocida B:2 resided in a vacuolar compartment of dexamethasone-treated and untreated cells, whereas the bacteria resided in cellular membrane of lipopolysaccharide-treated cells. The results suggest that lipopolysaccharide destabilizes the actin filaments of BAECs, which could facilitate the invasion of P. multocida B:2 into BAECs.
Actin Cytoskeleton
;
Actins
;
Animals
;
Bacteria
;
Buffaloes
;
Cattle
;
Dexamethasone
;
Endothelial Cells
;
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
;
In Vitro Techniques
;
Membranes
;
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
;
Pasteurella multocida
;
Pasteurella
;
Serogroup
3.Effects of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic materials to zirconia
Adil Othman ABDULLAH ; Yu HUI ; Xudong SUN ; Sarah POLLINGTON ; Fenik Kaml MUHAMMED ; Yi LIU
The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics 2019;11(1):65-74
PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the effect of different materials and techniques on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic materials to zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 136 sintered zirconia cubes were prepared and randomly divided into four study groups according to corresponding methods of surface treatment and materials: GLN (grinding followed by laser scanning using Noritake Cerabien ZR), SLN (sandblasting followed by laser scanning using Noritake Cerabien ZR), GLV (grinding followed by laser scanning using VITA VM 9), and SLV (sandblasting followed by laser scanning using VITA VM 9). Spraying technique was performed to coat the core. Profilometer, SEM, XRD, EDS, universal testing machine, and stereomicroscope were used to record surface roughness Ra, surface morphology, phase transformation, elemental compositions, shear bond strength SBS values, and failure types, respectively. Specimens were investigated in unaged (not immersed in artificial saliva) and aged (stored in artificial saliva for a month) conditions to evaluate SBS values. RESULTS: Grinding and GLN as first and second surface treatments provided satisfactory Ra values in both conditions (1.05 ± 0.24 µm, 1.30 ± 0.21 µm) compared to sandblasting and other groups (P < .05). The group GLN showed the highest SBS values in both conditions (30.97 ± 3.12 MPa, 29.09 ± 4.17 MPa), while group SLV recorded the lowest (23.96 ± 3.60 MPa, 22.95 ± 3.68 Mpa) (P < .05). Sandblasting showed phase transformation from t-m. Mixed failure type was the commonest among all groups. CONCLUSION: GLN showed to be a reliable method which provided satisfactory bond strength between the veneer ceramic and zirconia. This method might preserve the integrity of fixed dental crowns.
Ceramics
;
Crowns
;
Methods
;
Saliva, Artificial
4.Portal Hypertension of a Delayed Onset Following Liver Abscesses in a 12-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Faisal Othman AL-QURASHI ; Ahmed Abdullah ALADSANI ; Fatema Khalil AL QANEA ; Sarah Yousef FAISAL
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition 2019;22(4):400-406
We report a 12-month-old female infant who had a history of neonatal sepsis with liver micro-abscesses that resolved with intravenous antibiotics during neonatal period. During her neonatal admission period, no umbilical vein catheter was inserted. Also, she did not undergo any abdominal surgeries or had a postnatal history of necrotizing enterocolitis. However, the child developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding in form of hematemesis and melena secondary to esophageal varices at the age of 12 months with an extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction with cavernous transformation and portal hypertension subsequently. The child underwent a successful endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. She is now 20-month-old and has portal hypertension but otherwise asymptomatic. We are proposing the possibility of a delayed-onset portal hypertension as a complication of liver abscess and neonatal sepsis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Catheters
;
Child
;
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
;
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
;
Female
;
Hematemesis
;
Hemorrhage
;
Humans
;
Hypertension, Portal
;
Infant
;
Liver Abscess
;
Liver
;
Melena
;
Portal Vein
;
Sclerotherapy
;
Sepsis
;
Umbilical Veins
;
Venous Thrombosis
5.Eltroxin and Hesperidin mitigate testicular and renal damage in hypothyroid rats:amelioration of oxidative stress through PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Hadeel M. OSAMA ; Sally M. KHADRAWY ; EL-Shaymaa EL-NAHASS ; Sarah I. OTHMAN ; Hanaa M. MOHAMED
Laboratory Animal Research 2024;40(2):197-212
Background:
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate growth, development and function of different tissues. Hypothyroidism is a common clinical disorder characterized by deficiency in THs and adversely affects the development and functions of several organs. This work aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of eltroxin (ELT), a hypothyroidism medication, and hesperidin (HSP), a flavonoid, against testicular and renal toxicity in hypothyroid rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups and treated orally for 12 weeks. Group I (control), group II (hypothyroidism) received 20 mg/kg carbimazole (CBZ), group III received CBZ and 0.045 mg/kg ELT, and group IV received CBZ and 200 mg/kg HSP.
Results:
CBZ administration induced biochemical and histopathological changes in testis and kidney. Co-administration of ELT or HSP significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated THs, reduced urea and creatinine while raised follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone in serum. Testicular and renal malondialdehyde level as a lipid peroxidation indicator, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-s-transferase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. The histopathological changes were also diminished. Decreased mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) in hypothyroid rats were up-regulated after ELT or HSP treatment.
Conclusions
ELT and HSP showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against CBZ-induced testicular and renal toxicity, and these effects may be promoted via activating Nrf2/HO-1 and PPARγ signaling pathways.
6.Development of hearing impairment inventory for religious duties of Muslim adult
Sarah Rahmat ; Shahirah A Rahman ; Nur Hanisah Tukiran ; Ramli Musa ; Nur Ain Othman ; Ahmad Aidil Arafat Dzulkarnain
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2021;76(2):205-211
Objective: This study is a preliminary work to develop a
Malay version questionnaire named ‘Inventori Persepsi bagi
Muslim yang Memiliki Masalah Pendengaran (IPM3P)’ to
assess the perception on Islamic understanding and
practice among Muslim adults with hearing impairment.
Methods: The scale development involved three phases: i)
generation of domains based on the literature, ii) generation
of sub-domains based on literature review and Islamic panel
survey, and iii) generation of items.
Results: Preliminary version of IPM3P consists of 59 items
was produced, representing three domains: Obligation (18
items), Practice (21 items), and Difficulty (20 items), and
seven sub-domains (‘Ibadah’, ‘Aqidah’, ‘Muamalat’,
‘Tasawwuf’, ‘Akhlak’,‘Da’wah’, and ‘Sirah’).
Conclusion: The preliminary version of IPM3P needs to be
psychometrically tested. This pioneering study may become
an impetus towards more research pertaining to
understanding the effect of hearing loss towards religious
life in the future in Malaysia.
7.Adherence and internalisation of Lactococcus lactis M4 towards human colorectal cancer cell line, Caco-2
Hanis Faudzi ; Suet Lin Chia ; Raha Abdul Rahim ; Sarah Othman
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2021;17(3):321-325
Aims:
Lactococcus lactis is a non-colonizing, generally-regarded as safe (GRAS) lactic acid bacteria that has been
frequently studied as a potential vector for bactofection. To mediate bactofection, a series of interaction between the
bacteria and the host cell needs to occur. This study aims to investigate the in vitro bacterial-cell interaction between a
locally-isolated L. lactis M4 strain with human colorectal cancer line, Caco-2.
Methodology and results:
Bacterial interaction was evaluated via adherence and internalisation assays. A 250:1 ratio
of bacteria to cancer cell was selected as the optimum multiplicity of infection for all assays. After 2 h, L. lactis M4 was
able to adhere to and internalise into Caco-2 cells at comparable rates to commercial strains L. lactis NZ9000 and
MG1363.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
Findings from this study showed that this strain has similar interaction
properties with the commercial strains and would make a promising candidate for future bactofection studies and
development of bacteria-mediated DNA vaccination against various diseases.
Lactococcus lactis
;
Colorectal Neoplasms
;
Caco-2 Cells