In Dec/1998 we surveyed growth and disease status of the street children at four districts of Hanoi. Objective of this survey is: searching for growth and status, thereby, proposing some measures to interfere in order to raise their health, help the street children to intergrate into the community. The results showed that there were 425 children from 5-18 ages, in which : 252 males and 173 females. For physical growth: average weight and height of the street children were lower than these normal children at the same age. The disease pattern showed that majority of them was suffering from otorhinolaryngeal disease and respiratory disease (56.6%) among which mainly as upper respiratory disease. Gastroenterology disease (56.6%) among which mainly as upper respiratory disease. Gastroenterology disease (56.2%) mainly as digestive disorder and clinical worm disease. Odonto-stomatological disease (51%), mainly as caries. Eye disease (22.2%). mainly as trachoma and conjunctivitis. Skin infection (16.5%). Malnutrition (14.3%), anemia(11.8%). Disease of muscles, bones and joints (8%). Urinary tract infection (4,2%), goiter (2,3%), mental disorder (0,9%), epilepsy(0.9%), paralytic poliomyelitis (0.9%), cerebral palsy(0.2%) congenital heart disease (0,5%). From that, it requires suitable consideration and measures to improve the situation.
child, epidemiology

According to the study on 507 children with PNS have been treated within the past 10 years (1990-1999), PNS is mainly seen at school age. Number of boys suffered from this is 2.5 times higher than that of girls. All of patients are suffered from oedema, mostly simple oedema (91.9%), and complex oedema (8.09%). Proteinuria is increased very highly serum protein and albumin levels is strongly decreased, serum cholesterol levels is increased very highly; serum urea and creatinine levels is within normal limit, serum natri, kali, calcium levels are decreased, serum chlorine levels is within normal limit. Blood formula: amount of leukocyte is increased, both neutrophile and lymphocyte. Hemoglobin is decreased; the speed of blood concentration is increased very highly. Treatment: most patients were responded to steroid. Ratio of complete remission is 77.93%, partial remission is 9.57% and 12.5% failed to respond.
Nephrotic Syndrome ; Proteinuria ; child

The study of 183 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura children treat at Hai Phong Children Hospital from 1/1998 to 4/2003. The disease is frequent in small children from 1 month to 5 years old in spring and winter, sex ratio is similar. Main manifestations were 95.6% spontaneous hemorrhage, fang hemorrhage 32%, nasal hemorrhage 12%. Polymorphic hemorrhage 60.44%, mild hemorrhage 55.7%. Main hematological sign was thrombocytopenia but it was not severe. Bleeding time was above 10 minutes in most of cases (57.38%). There were a correlation between platelet count and bleeding time
Diagnosis ; Hematology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Child

Background: Blood and blood products are biological products that can not be replaced. Blood transfusion plays an enormous role in the treatment. However, in blood transfusion patients may have severe complications that can lead to death.\r\n', u'Objective: to describe accidents in blood and blood product transfusion practice. Subjects and method: The prospective, clinically descriptive study was carried out on 134 patients with 175 times of blood and blood transfusion at B Department of Hai Phong Pediatric Hospital from 1/1/2004 to 30/06/2008. Each time of transfusion was followed up according to an uniform medical record. Results and conclusion: Amount of blood used was 40.95 lit including total blood: 10.75 lit (26.6%), red cells mass: 28.85 lit (63.2%), fresh plasma 2.45 lit (5.8%), platelet rich fresh plasma rich: 1.9 lit (4.6%). Number of accidents occurring were 20, accounting for 14.1%. Patients with acute leukemia had the highest of incidence rate for transmission accidents (12.5%). Three kinds of the most frequently encountered blood and blood product transfusion accidents were high fever and chill (6.9%), rash (4%) and shock (0.5%). There were no deaths from blood transfusion. Accidents happened mainly to patients who get transfused many times.\r\n', u'
Blood Transfusion

Background:Seizure epilepsy is a social disease and appear at all age in most of countries. The rate of seizure epilepsy is increasing account for 10% of all cases.Objectives:This study aims to learn about the effectiveness of natri valproate in treatment of 238 children with grand mal seizure epilepsy at Hai Phong children hospital. Subjects and method: A retrospective and prospective study was conducted on 238 children with grandmal seizure epilepsy treated by natri valproate at Hai Phong Children Hospital from December 2005 to April 2007. Results:A complete remission rate was 87.8%, uncompleted remission in 10.1 % and non - responsive in 2.1 % after 15 days of treatment. After 6 months of treatment, a complete remission was seen in 92.5%, uncompleted remission in 6.1 % and non - responsive in 1.4% The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed paroxystic electric discharge in 71.9% of patients before treatment and in 32.1 % after treatment. Conclusion: In general, natri valproate was well tolerated in children. However, there were some complications and side effects such as somnolence and fatigue (23.6%), digestive disorder (5.7%), weight increase (4.7%), alopecia (2.8%), tremor (1.4%) but these complications and side effects were frequently mild and can be controlled.
Epilepsy/ therapy ; Child

Background: Research of pH and specific gravity of urine in healhty children is nessecary in order to evaluate urine in children with neurology. Objectives:This study aims to estimate pH and specific gravity in healthy children aged from 2 months to 6 years old. Subjects and method: 3724 healthy children ( boy: 52,6% and girl: 47.4%) aged from 2 months to 6 years old located in 3 districts: Kien Thuy, Thuy Nguyen, Kien An of Hai Phong were enrolled in the descriptive and cross-sectional study using urianalysis of midstream urine samples in the morning by analyzer Model 101-Teco from USA. The data was collected and analysed bysocial statistic SPSS software. Results: - pH mean in boys was 5.38\xb10.62, in girls: 5.40\xb10.61, and both sexes: 5.39\xb10.62. In general, urine pH decreased according to age groups but there were no sex differences significantly. - Specific gravity mean of healthy boys was 1.018\xb10.007, of girls: 1.018\xb10.006 and both sexes: 1.018\xb10.007. Conclusion: In general, specific gravity increased according to age groups but no sex differences may significantly be found.
Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase/ analysis ; Child

Background: Bacteria are among the common pathogens in Vietnam and other developing countries. Antibiotics are effective in the treatment, but the antibiotics gradually become ineffective due to drug resistance of bacteria, especially in children..\r\n', u'Objectives: Determine the root cause bacterial infections and often determine the extent of antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria isolated in Hai Phong pediatric Hospital.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: At Microorganism Department of Hai Phong pediatric Hospital from January 2003 to December 2004, 558 trains of common pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 0 -15 year old children clinical samples such as: blood, pus, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool...These samples of isolated microorganisms were also tested on their sensitiveness to several antibiotics.\r\n', u'Results:Findings showed that the 3 most frequently recognized bacterier out of 11 antibiotic sensitive tested species were: streptococcus pneumoniae (20.61%), neisseria (18.1%), E.coli (15.95%); and the most resisted antibiotics included: Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ampiciline. The staph was resistant to general Chlora, phenicol, Co-trimoxazol, and also sensitive to cefotacim, Amikacin. In the bacillus bacteria tested were resistant blue latex all, only works with Amikacin.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Its also found that every kind of tested bacterium had got various levels of sensitivity to different of antibiotics.\r\n', u'
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria/ microbiology

Background:The dimension and function of kidney have close relationship. In the developing countries, the index on kidney dimension of children has rather fully studied. In Viet Nam, most of studies only conducted on adults. Objectives:This study aims to determine the ultrasound kidney dimension and the correlation of kidney length and age, weight and height of children aged from 6 to 8 years old. Subjects and method: The data was obtained from a prospective study on 180 normal children at age from 6 to 8 years. Each kidney was measured length, width , thickness, and parenchymal thickness, and the mean values were recorded. The relationship of kidney length with age, body weight, body height were also taken. Results: Kidney dimension was increased by age. The average ultrasound kidney dimension:+ Right kidney: At 6 years old: Boy: length: 72.8\xb14; width: 31.2\xb13 ; thickness: 33.9\xb12 ; Girl: length: 69.8\xb15; width: 30.4\xb12 ; thickness: 32.7\xb12. At 7 years old: Boy: length: 75.2\xb14; width: 31.9\xb12; thickness: 33.8\xb13; Girl: length: 75.8\xb15; width: 32.0\xb12; thickness: 32.9\xb14; + Left kidney: At 6 years old: Boy: length: 73.9\xb15; width: 33.7\xb13 ; thickness: 34.9\xb12 ; Girl: length: 71.1\xb14; width: 32.4\xb13 ; thickness: 32.4\xb16. At 7 years old: Boy: length: 77.7\xb13; width: 33.8\xb13 ; thickness:34.7\xb12; Girl: length: 76.9\xb17; width: 32.0\xb12; thickness: 33,9\xb15; The kidney length, kidney weight, kidney volume of boys were bigger than girls, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The kidney length correlated strongly and positively with body weight, body height and age.
Kidney/ ultrasonography ; Child

Background: Open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes haemostatic abnormalities which result in postoperative excessive bleeding. Objectives: To investigate haemostatic disorders before - after CPB and postoperative bleeding. Subjects and methods: Sixty congenital cardiac patients with and without cyanosis were recruited consecutively. Hematology and coagulation tests were done 1 day before operation, 15 minutes after protamine administration, 2 and 6 hours after the operation in the intensive care unit (lCU). Mediastinal chest tube drainage (MCTO) was measured for the first 6h in the ICU. Results: Significant differences between 2 groups could be found for red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products (FOP), von Kaulla and platelet aggregation to epinephrine before operation (p < 0.05). There were not significant differences in platelets, PT, APTT, platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (AOP) in the acyanotic and cyanotic patients (p > 0.05). Most hematology parameters were decreased significantly and hemostasis measurements were prolonged after operation in both groups (p < 0.05). There was also the significant difference in MCTO between 2 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Coagulation, hemostasis and fibrinolysis disorders; thrombocytopenia and acquired transient platelet dysfunction may be responsible for bleeding complications after CBP \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Heart Defects ; Congenital/ pathology ; epidemiology ; Hemostatic Disorders/ pathology ; diagnosis

PURPOSE: We tried to investigate the clinical impact of Ki-67 (MIB-1) expression on the oncological and survival outcomes in patients with bladder cancer (BCa) after the radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 230 patients who were treated by radical cystectomy for BCa. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazards models and logistic regression tests were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of each variable. RESULTS: The patients with positive Ki-67 expression showed significant worse clinical characteristics and pathologic outcomes than negative Ki-67 group. Furthermore, the patients with Ki-67 expression showed significant worse recurrence (p=0.018) and cancer-specific mortality free survival (p=0.019) than negative Ki-67 group. The overall survival was also revealed to be inferior in Ki-67 positive group than Ki-67 negative group but the statistical significance was marginal (p=0.062). Subsequent multivariate Cox analyses showed that Ki-67 was independent predictor for disease recurrence after surgery (hazard ratio, 3.142; 95% CI, 1.287–7.671; p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, high Ki-67 expression was significantly related with worse clinical outcomes after radical cystectomy in the patients with BCa. Further prospective and basic researches are needed to validate the true prognostic value of Ki-67.
Cystectomy* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Prognosis* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*