1.The Risk of Seizure Recurrence After a First Unprovoked Seizure in Childhood : A Prospective Study.
Sang Ho YOO ; Jun Young SONG ; Sung Hwan KIM
Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society 1999;7(1):79-88
PURPOSE: Epilepsy is generally defined as a chronic condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizure. It is still controversial whether the long-term antiepileptic drugs(AED) treatment will be necessary in children with first unprovoked seizure. Cognitive and behavioral side effects of AEDs are especially important in developing children. Therefore the rationale of AED treatment in the children with first unprovoked seizure depends upon the seizure recurrence rate and presence of risk factors related with seizure recurrence. We are going to evaluate the risk of seizure recurrence and risk factors after a first unprovoked seizure in children. METHODS: One hundred fifty eight patients presented with a first unprovoked seizure from July, 1994 to June, 1999 were prospectively followed by regular epilepsy clinic visit or telephone interview for a mean of 27 months. We analyzed overall recurrence risk and risk factors of seizure recurrence(EEG finding, etiology of seizure, seizure type, history of prior febrile convulsions, neurodevelopmental status prior to first seizure, presence of a Todd's paresis, family history of seizures, a seizure occuring while asleep, and duration of seizure) by Cox's proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: In 158 patients with first unprovoked seizure, 61 (39%) patients experienced subsequent seizure. The cumulative risk of seizure recurrence was 28.5, 37.6, and 42.3% at 6, 12, and 18 months. The median time to recurrence was 3 months, with 72% of recurrence occurring within 6 months, 92% within 1 year, and 100% within 2 years. On univariate analysis, risk factors for seizure recurrence included an etiology of seizure and abnormal EEG. In idiopathic cases, the risk factor was an EEG abnormality. CONCLUSION: Many of the children with a first unprovoked seizure will not have recurrences. The recurrence risk of a first unprovoked seizure in children have statistically correlated with the etiology of seizure(cryptogenic and symptomatic) and abnormal EEG. Children with an idiopathic first seizure and a normal EEG have a particularly favorable prognosis.
Ambulatory Care
;
Child
;
Electroencephalography
;
Epilepsy
;
Humans
;
Interviews as Topic
;
Paresis
;
Prognosis
;
Proportional Hazards Models
;
Prospective Studies*
;
Recurrence*
;
Risk Factors
;
Seizures*
;
Seizures, Febrile
2.Primary Oxalosis: A case report.
Sang Yong SONG ; Je G CHI ; Yong CHOI ; Sang Jun KIM
Korean Journal of Pathology 1993;27(5):509-513
Primary oxalosis is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the peroxisomal enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase(type I) and D-glyceric dehydrogenase(type II). It is characterized by the triad of radiopaque urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and latered renal function. We report a case of primary oxalosis in a 10-year-old Korean girl. She presented with chronic renal failure at 9 years of age. Ultrasonographic examination revealed bilateral, multiple renal and ureteral stones. Removed stones were chemically analysed to be composed of calcium oxalate. She underwent renal transplantation after prolonged period of dialysis. Removed kidneys were firm and gritty. Cut sections showed numerous tiny yellow sandy stones and a large staghorn stone. Specimen X-ray also exhibited disseminated fine granular and often coalescent radiopaque materials throughout the cortex and medulla. Microscopically numerous varying-sized crystals were noted in the kidney in globular or rhomboid appearance. The crystals were semitranslucent and doubly refractile under the polarized light. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis and chronic inflammation as well as glomerular obsolescence were also noted. The oxalate deposit was diffuse and marked, and was thought to be intimately related to the parenchymal damage and fibrosis.
3.A Case of Linear Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum on the Inguinal Area
Jin Young SONG ; Jiehyun JEON ; Hae Jun SONG ; Yoo Sang BAEK
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2019;57(8):498-499
No abstract available.
4.A Case of Acardiac Twin.
Hak Youle PARK ; Jun Young SEO ; June Baek SONG ; Tae Sang KIM ; Ik Soo KIM
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1999;42(10):2371-2376
Acardiac twinning affects 1 in 100 monozygotic twin pregnancies and 1 in 35,000 pregnancies overall. This condition is characterized by the absence or rudimentary development of fetal heart, and associated with various anomaly. The presence of an acardiac twin requires the normal (or "pump") twin to provide circulation for itself, as well as the acardiac sibling. The acardiac malformations are uniformly fatal in the affected twin, and mortality in the co-twin is as high as 55%. The principal perinatal problems associated with acardiac twinning are pump-twin congestive heart failure, maternal hydramnios, and preterm delivery. We recently experienced a case of acardius anceps associated with a normal male infant, so present with a brief review of the literature.
Fetal Heart
;
Heart Failure
;
Humans
;
Infant
;
Male
;
Mortality
;
Polyhydramnios
;
Pregnancy
;
Siblings
;
Twins, Monozygotic
5.Three Cases of Rare Anatomic Variations of the Long Head of Biceps Brachii.
Sang Ho KWAK ; Seung Jun LEE ; Byung Wook SONG ; Min Soo LEE ; Kuen Tak SUH
Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2015;18(2):96-101
In general, the long head of the biceps brachii originates from the superior glenoid labrum and the supraglenoid tubercle, crosses the rotator cuff interval, and extends into the bicipital groove. However, rare anatomic variations of the origins of the long head have been reported in the past. In this report, we review the clinical history, radiologic findings, and arthroscopic identifications of 3 anatomic variants of the biceps tendon long head. As the detection of long head of biceps tendon pathology during preoperative radiologic assessment can be difficult without prior knowledge, surgeons should be aware of such possible anatomic variations.
Anatomic Variation
;
Head*
;
Pathology
;
Rotator Cuff
;
Shoulder
;
Tendons
6.Rabbit Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.
Seong Wook SEO ; Jun Kyeong SONG
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 1993;34(10):964-971
Corneal endothelial damages following Nd: YAG laser application were evaluated rabbits. The first group underwent anterior capsulotomy, while the second group received laser applications at the corneal center and anterior capsule. The rabbits were evaluated with the intraocular pressure, the corneal endothelial cell number, the thickness of the corneal center, and the morphologic change of the cornea, before laser application and at postaplication 1 day, 7 day, and 14 day. But the endothelium was damaged when laser shots were applied at the cornea center and anterior caps ulotomy. In ophthalmologic procedure with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, the minimal effective poser should be selected, the laser beam should be applicated on extremely fine focus and contact lens should be used to minimize the corneal endothelial injury.
Cornea
;
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss*
;
Endothelial Cells
;
Endothelium
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Intraocular Pressure
;
Lasers, Solid-State
;
Rabbits
7.Extramammary Paget's Disease of the Penis and Scrotum with a Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Sang Wook SON ; Kyuong Moon KIM ; Hae Jun SONG ; Chil Hwan OH
Annals of Dermatology 1999;11(1):51-54
Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare cutaneous malignancy and frequently associated with an underlying adnexal carcinoma and perhaps with underlying internal malignancy. In our case, genital Paget's disease was followed by the discovery of renal cell carcinoma. We report a rare case of extramammary paget´s disease of the penis and scrotum which associated with a renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*
;
Male
;
Paget Disease, Extramammary*
;
Penis*
;
Scrotum*
8.Increased expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in psoriasis.
Yoon Yae CHOI ; Kyu Suk LEE ; Sang Sook LEE ; Eun Sook CHANG ; Jun Young SONG
Korean Journal of Dermatology 1992;30(4):431-438
Psoriasis is characterized by disregulation of keratinocyte growth with profound epidermal hyperplasia. Keratinocyte hyperplasia in psoriasis may be expained in part by overproduction of growth factor, and by altered metabolism of the epidemal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in affected skin. The expression of epidermal growth f ictor receptor was investigated by Northern blot and slot-blot analysis of total RNA extrated from biopsies of normal skin and psoriatic lesions. In Northern blot analysis, EGFR-specific mRNA transcripts from psoriatic tissues demonstrated the specificity of hybridizarion with a EGFR mDNA probe. The size of EGFR mRNA transcript was 6.7kb in psoriasis lesions which showed no change of quality. In slot-blot analysis, the levels of EGFR mRNA in poriasis revealed a 1.2 fold to 4.1 fold elevation when compared to normal skin. EGFR were present in all epidermal layers by immunoperoxidase staining, whereas in normal skin they were primarily present in the stratum basalis. These results indicate that the increased expresion of the EGFR gene may be, in part, responsible for the hyperproliferation of the epider nis and that retained EGFR may reflect incomplet; abnormal differentiation in active porasis. This altered process of EGFR metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Biopsy
;
Blotting, Northern
;
Epidermal Growth Factor*
;
Genes, erbB-1
;
Hyperplasia
;
Keratinocytes
;
Metabolism
;
Psoriasis*
;
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor*
;
Receptors, Growth Factor
;
RNA
;
RNA, Messenger
;
Sensitivity and Specificity
;
Skin
9.Angiokeratoma Circumscriptum: Successful Treatment with the Flashlamp Pulsed Tunable Dye Laser.
Sang Wook SON ; Seung Hyun HONG ; Gil Ju YI ; Hae Jun SONG ; Chil Hwan OH
Korean Journal of Dermatology 1998;36(1):152-155
Angiokeratoma circumscriptum is present at birth or early childhood and is an uncommon dermatosis characterized by papules and small nodules that may coalesce to form plaques. Histopathologically, there are varying degrees of hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and irregular acanthosis. In the papillary dermis, greatly dilated capillaries are observed, The acanthotic epidermis encircles the vascular spaces(blood cysts) where, occasionally, organized thrombi may be found. The use of pulsed-dye lasers to treat cutaneous vascular lesions is based on the theory of selective photothermolysis. We report a case of an angiokeratoma circumscriptum in an 48-year-old woman for whom the flashlamp pulsed tunable dye laser proved to be a highly successful means of treatment.
Angiokeratoma*
;
Capillaries
;
Dermis
;
Epidermis
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Lasers, Dye*
;
Middle Aged
;
Papilloma
;
Parturition
;
Skin Diseases
10.Early Detection of Anesthesia Machine Malfunction with Capnography during General Endotrachial Anesthesia.
Sang Kye LEE ; Jin Song KIM ; Seoung Kwan KANG ; Jun Lae LEE
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1996;30(3):370-372
BACKGROUND: Mechanisms of secondary injury (post-ischemic injury) in the central nervous system have cently reported in a vast of amount of experiments. Among many factors which give rise to post-ischemic neuronal damage, glial deterioration probably mediated by calcium paradox, could be another of the aggravating deleterious factars to the already ischemic neurophil. METHODS: Here we have designed experiment to investigate calcium paradox in astroglial cell line, humsn asttocytoma U1242MG. Intracellular calcium alterations in experimental cells were monitored by using calcium indicating dye fura-2 and epifluorescent photometry system. RESULTS: Intracellular free calcium changes during reperfusion phase after exposure to low calcium led to a prampt increase in intracellular calcium level after 10 and 30 minutes. The way of calcium entry during the reperfusion phase was mediated by the revase mode of Na+/Ca(2+) exchanger. Cells that had a reduction of reperfusate calcium to 10 uM increased cell viability. Also we observed an inverse relationship between major enzymatic activity in the astrocytoma cells (i.e., glutamine synthetase activity) and the duration of reperfusion in the the same protocols. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively small amount of intracellular calcium increase by the reverse mode of Na+/Ca(2+) exchanger during the reperfusion period is related to a limitation of enzyme activity and viability 24 hours later.
Anesthesia*
;
Astrocytoma
;
Brain
;
Calcium
;
Capnography*
;
Cell Line
;
Cell Survival
;
Central Nervous System
;
Fura-2
;
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase
;
Ions
;
Neuroglia
;
Neurons
;
Photometry
;
Reperfusion