Objective: In the present study the empathy-altruism hypothesis was studied. According to empathy-altruism hypothesis, altruistic acts stimulated by empathy, are directed to improve another person's welfare. Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the emotional empathy and altruism and to determine the predictive power of emotional empathy for altruism among health professionals. Methods: Correlational and cross-sectional research designs were used for the present study. Sample size was estimated through G*power and 200 health professionals (100 MBBS and 100 BDS) were taken from different government and private hospitals and health institutes through purposive sampling technique. Age range of participants was 24-35 years (M=31.45, SD=3.39). Bio data form, Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale and Helping attitude scale were used to get demographic information and to assess the emotional empathy and altruistic behaviour respectively of health professionals. Data were analysed by using SPSS 23. Results: Results of the present study showed strong and positive relationship between emotional empathy and altruism among health professionals. Hierarchical regression analysis was run to find the predictive power of emotional empathy for altruistic behaviour of the health professionals. After controlling age, gender, level of education and marital status, emotional empathy emerged as the strong predictor for altruistic behaviour among health professional. Emotional empathy accounted 31.3 % variance for altruistic behaviour. This study can create awareness about the role of health professionals and their behaviour towards patients. Health professional’s emotional empathy is the compulsory factors for defining their attitude towards their patients. Conclusion Emotional empathy plays an important role in the altruistic attributes of health professionals. Some training programs must be arranged to enhance their emotional empathy

Purpose: The present co-relational study aimed to investigate the mediating role of Body Image in the relationship between appearance schemas and indirect aggression in adolescents. Method: The Sample size was calculated through G*power. 120 participants having dissatisfaction with physical appearance were selected through the purposive sampling technique. The Appearance Schema Inventory-Revised, The Revised Objectified Body Consciousness Scale and Indirect Aggression Scale-Aggressor Version were used to assess the appearance schema, body image and indirect aggression respectively. Results: The data was analyzed through Pearson product moment correlation, and Hay’s process macro. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out. Results demonstrated a significant positive correlation among appearance schema, body image and indirect aggression. Results also indicated the mediating role of body image between the relationship of appearance schema and indirect aggression. Conclusion The results of present the study suggested that appearance schema and body image concerns play a significant role in determining an adolescent’s indirect aggressive behaviours.

Objective: Pain is a crucial part of biological mechanism that points out the disruption or impairment in body. It evades further harm by avoiding overuse of the suffering area, and finally promotes physiological homeostasis. Fibromyalgia, a form of chronic pain, does not give signals of damage to the body rather it becomes a potential hazard to the physical and psychological well-being of the person. There is an increased need for management tactics to chronic pain, other than chronic medical illnesses. The present study was aimed to find out the efficacy of CBT in managing chronic pain in patients of fibromyalgia. Method: A total number of 45 participants were approached form different government and private hospitals of Lahore. Initially the participants were assessed on pain intensity and functioning on daily routine activities. After screening total ten participants were further recruited for second phase of this study. The second phase of this study was comprised of two groups; one is control group which received the treatment as usual and the second group was treatment group which received the cognitive behavior therapy to reduce their pain intensity. All the 10 participants were women with the age range of 20-40 years (M=34.60, SD=3.84). Total 9 sessions of CBT with the average of 45 minutes were conducted following the treatment protocol given by Craig and Austin. Results The results showed that two group (treatment and control) were significantly differ on their pre-post pain ratings and their pre-post daily routine functioning. Hence it can be concluded that CBT based treatment protocol works efficiently in reducing pain in patients.

INTRODUCTIONMetabolic heterogeneity among obese individuals is thought to translate into variations in cardiovascular risk. Identifying obese people with an unfavourable metabolic profile may allow preventive strategies to be targeted at high-risk groups. This study aimed to identify clinical, biochemical and immunological differences between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant obese subgroups, to understand the population-specific pathophysiological basis of the adverse cardiovascular risk profile in the latter group.

METHODSCardiovascular risk indicators, including anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, acanthosis nigricans area, and related biochemical, endocrine and inflammatory markers, were determined in 255 healthy South Asian volunteers aged 18-45 years, with a 2:1 ratio of obese/overweight to normal-weight individuals. Lifetime atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was also calculated.

RESULTSBody mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity-based tertiles independently showed incremental trends in waist-hip ratio, skinfold thickness, acanthosis nigricans area, blood pressure, serum lipids, hepatic enzymes, adipokines, inflammatory markers and ten-year ASCVD risk. The anthropometric, biochemical and inflammatory parameters of obese insulin-sensitive and obese insulin-resistant groups differed significantly. Extreme group analysis after excluding the middle tertiles of both insulin resistance and BMI also showed significant difference in anthropometric indicators of cardiovascular risk and estimated lifetime ASCVD risk between the two obese subgroups.

CONCLUSIONObese insulin-sensitive individuals had a favourable metabolic profile compared to the obese insulin-resistant group. The most consistent discriminative factor between these phenotypic classes was anthropometric parameters, which underscores the importance of clinical parameters as cardiovascular risk indicators in obesity.

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