Objective:To analyze the profound influence of the Dictionary of Occupation on the career development of medical rep-resentatives in our country. Methods:The relationship of the Dictionary of Occupation and the career development of medical represent-atives was discussed, and then the influence of including the dictionary on medical representatives was analyzed. Results and Conclu-sion:The Dictionary of Occupation puts forward higher requests to the code of conduct, professional ability and professional ethics of medical representatives, which plays important roles in the career development of medical representatives. And as a professional stand-ard with clear definition and description, the Dictionary of Occupation also leads to the direction of sustainable and healthy development of medical representatives.

Objective To find a sensitive index and to investigate the working memory impairment of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.Methods Fifteen patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment,15 healthy matching aging controls were performed a matching-to-sample task while event-related potential(ERP),reaction time and correct rate were recorded.Subjects were required to press a button in the match condition and another button in the conflict condition.Results In the matching condition,there was no difference between the two groups in distribution(parietal lobe),peak latency and amplitude of P300(F_ 1,28 =1.0324,P=0.3183;F_ 2,42 =0.543,P=0.585).In the conflict condition,the distribution of N270 was fore head,and its latency of patient group were more delayed than the aging group(F_ 1,28 =25.3264,P=0.000),but its amplitude showed no significant changes(F_ 1,28 =0.507,P=0.482).The result of brain mapping showed same change.Conclusion The N270 component is more sensitive than P300 to reflect the central executive function impairment of working memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Objective To study the protective effect and molecular mechanism of trypsin inhibitor on reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia. Methods The model of ischemia for 1h and repufusion for 24h of rat cerebrum was set by ligating MCAO described by zea-longa. 24 male rats were divided randomly into the sham operation group, the control group and trypsin inhibitor group. The presence of neurological function deficit was measured by Zea-Longa method, and the immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL were used to detect p53 protein expression and cell apoptosis in the brain tissues respectively. Results The score of neurological function deficit was zero in the sham operation group, 2 8?1 0 in the control group and 1 3?0 7 in trypsin inhibitor group. There were 12 3?2 5 p53 immunostaining positive cells in the control group and 5 5?1 3 in trypsin inhibitor group. The number of apoptotic cells was zero in the sham operation group, 7 6?1 0 in the control group, and 3 5?0 9 in trypsin inhibitor group. There was a significant difference in all above observing indices between the control group and trypsin inhibitor group(P

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in epidermal keratinocytes of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and its significance.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of PPARα,β/δand.γ in tissue specimens from the normal skin of 5 human controls,lesional and normal skin adjacent to the lesions of 17 patients with psoriasis vulgaris.A semi-quantitative analysis was carried out by image analyzer.Results Different levels of expression of the three PPAR isotypes were observed in the nuclei of epidermal keratinocytes of normal human controls.The expression intensity of PPAR α,β/δand γ was statistically higher in the epidermis of adjacent normal skin than that in psoriatic lesions(all P<0.01)and normal control skin(all P<0.01).Conclusions The decreased expression of PPARα may be associated with the overproliferation and parakeratosis of epidermal keratinocytes in psoriatic lesions,and PPAR β/δ and γ may display a synergistic effect on the maintenance of homeostatic proliferation and difierentiafion of epidermal cells.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) and autonomic neuropathy. Methods The medical records of inpatients with CTD and autonomic neuropathy from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed including clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, treatment and outcome. Categorical data were expressed in percentages. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine normal distribution. Continuous data of normal distribution were expressed as x ±s deviation, while data without a normal distribution were described as median and interquartile range (P25, P75). Results Among the nine patients included in this study, all were female, and the median age was 42 years (32~50 years old). Four patients (4/9) were systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), three patients (3/9) were primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS), two patients (2/9) were rheumatic arthritis (RA), and four patients were secondary Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) (two with SLE and two with RA). Five patients (5/9) had autonomic nervous dysfunction before they were diagnosed of CTD, while four patients (4/9) developed autonomic nervous dysfunction after diagnosis of CTD. The most common symptom of autonomic nervous dysfunction was postural hypotension (9 patients, 9/9), followed by hypohidrosis (4 patients, 4/9), urinary retention (2 patients, 2/9), gastrointestinal dysmotility (2 patients, 2/9) and tonic pupil (1 patient, 11%). After treatment of CTD, autonomic symptoms of three patients improved, while the others didn't. Four of the remaining 6 patients improved after receiving other assistant treatments including vasoconstrictor, pyri-dostigmine bromide, and plasma exchange. Conclusion Patients with CTD could present with autonomic neuropathy, which is mainly characterized with postural hypotension. If patients had related symptoms, clinicians should pay more attention to whether CTD exists. If treatment for CTD couldn't improve patients' condition, other assistant treatment might be considered.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the expression of miR-203 in tongue carcinoma tissues and the effect of miR-203 over-expression on the viability and invasion ability of Tca 8113 cells.METHODS:Twenty-eight pairs of tongue carcinoma tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were collected , and the clinicopathological characters were analyzed .miR-203 was detected in the tongue tissues of 28 patients with tongue carcinoma by real-time PCR.miR-203 mimics and scramble were transfected into Tca8113 cells by Lipofectamine 2000.The expression of miR-203 was detected in Tca8113, Tca8113-miR-203 mimics and Tca8113-scramble cells by RT-qPCR.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The cell invasion ability was determined by Transwell chamber invasion experiment .RESULTS:miR-203 expression was significantly down-regulated in the tongue carcinoma tissues compared with those in the adjacent nontumor tissues .The expression of miR-203 was associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis .Up-regulation of miR-203 inhibited the viability and invasion a-bility of Tca8113 cells.CONCLUSION:miR-203 suppresses the growth and invasion of tongue carcinoma cells .miR-203 may be a potential therapeutic target for treating human tongue cancer .

Objective To investigate the appropriate screening method for thyroid diseases during early pregnancy.Methods We collected information of 4 044 pregnant women who attended to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital from September 1,2013 to September 30,2014 for antenatal care and underwent one step screening for thyroid diseases in first trimester,which meant blood test for thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free thyroxine(FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) at the same time.Simulation analysis was performed on these 4 044 women with twostep screening (TSH first and then FT4 and TPOAb if TSH was abnormal).The incidence,missed diagnosis rate,costs of screening,and outcomes of the missed diagnosed cases of women with thyroid diseases were compared between one-step and two-step screening based on the cutoff value determined by American Thyroid Association (ATA) or our hospital (0.23-4.08 mU/L).The positivel rate of TPOAb was compared among the three groups classified according to TSH value (≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5 mU/L,≥ 2.5-＜ 4.08 mU/L and ≥ 4.08 mU/L).T-test,Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were applied for statistical analysis.Results When the cutoff value of TSH was set at ≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5 mU/L (ATA recommendation),7.9％ (320/4 044) of the women required medical treatment.It was significantly higher than 3.2％ (129/4 044),which was obtained when the normal reference value of TSH was set based on data from our hospital.The positive rates of TPOAb were 7.2％(214/2 976),13.9％(103/777) and 28.6％(55/192) for TSH ≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5,≥ 2.5-＜ 4.08 mU/L and ≥ 4.08 mU/L group,respectively.When we set the OR value for TOPAb as one in the TSH ≥ 0.1-＜ 2.5 mU/L group,the OR(95％C1)s of the other two groups were 1.972(1.537-2.532) and 5.181(3.679-7.297).If two-step screening protocol and ATA recommendations were applied,0.7％ (27/4 044) of women who needed treatment would be missed.However,312 480 yuan (RMB) would be saved compared with one-step screening (77.27 yuan per person).When the hospitalized reference value was applied,1.1％(45/4 044) of women would not be treated and 384 720 yuan would be saved (95.13 yuan per person) compared to one-step screening.For those missed diagnosed cases,no more adverse pregnant outcomes (all P＞0.05),including fetal distress,gestational diabetes mellitus,preterm birth,fetal growth restriction,oligohydroamnios,polyhydroanmios,fetal death,gestational hypertension with pre-eclampsia,placental abruptio and neonatal asphyxia were reported although no standard treatment had been provided,no matter ATA recommendation or unique reference in our hospital was adopted.Conclusions We recommend the two-step method for thyroid function screening during early pregnancy.For the purpose of cost-saving,reduction of missed diagnosis rate and avoidance of overtreatment,the management protocol should be individualized for those women with TSH value between 2.5 mU/L and the normal reference value of our hospital during pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the current status of screening and management of thyroid diseases during pregnancy,and to provide evidence for further improvement of clinical management.Methods Clinical data of 5 981 pregnant women who delivered at Peking University First Hospital between September 1,2013 and September 30,2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Their average age was (30±4) years (18-47 years) and average gestational week was (39.2± 1.6) weeks (25.5-42.0 weeks).The reference range of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 0.1-2.5 mU/L recommended by the American Thyroid Association (ATA).The reference range of free thyroxine (FT4) was 11.48-22.70 pmol/L and the cut-off value of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was 34 U/ml both recommended by the kit.The specific reference range of TSH was obtained from normal pregnant women in this study (0.23-4.08 mU/L in the first trimester).Pregnant women with hypothyroidism were divided into two groups according to their TSH level at the first trimester:TSH ≥ 2.5-＜4.08 mU/L group and TSH ≥ 4.08 mU/L group.T test,Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were applied for statistical analysis.Results (1) Screening status:Of the 5 981 pregnant women,there were 13 cases (0.2％) of hyperthyroidism and 146 cases (2.4％) of hypothyroidism diagnosed before conception (133 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis,eight cases after operation for thyroid cancer,and five cases after 131I therapy because of hyperthyroidism).Among the 5 822 cases requiring screening,4 044 cases (69.5％) received screening tests of TSH,FT4 and TPOAb during early pregnancy according to Chinese Guidelines,and 1 778 cases received neither standard screening nor screening test.(2) Treatment of hypothyroidism:Hypothyroidism treatment rate was only 61.5％ (107/174) according to the reference range recommended by the ATA,lower than that of 88.1％ (52/59) according to the reference range of this study (x2=14.430,P＜0.05).There were 60 cases receiving no treatment in TSH ≥ 2.5-＜4.08 mU/L group.Forty-three of these cases were reexamined,and one of them was abnormal,with a rate of 2.3％ (1/43).There were seven cases without treatment in TSH ≥ 4.08 mU/L group;six of them were reexamined among which one was abnormal,with a rate of 1/6.(3) Thyrotoxicosis:Among the 4 044 pregnant women,99 cases had TSH ＜0.1 mU/L,including 11 cases with FT4 ≥ 22.70 pmol/L (22.82-60.96 pmol/L).Only three cases were positive for thyrotrophin receptor antibody,and then diagnosed as hyperthyroidism and treated with propylthiouracil.(4) Thyroid cancer:Among the 5 981 pregnant women,six cases were diagnosed as thyroid cancer during pregnancy and lactation,with an incidence of 100.3/100 000.Of the six cases,five were diagnosed during pregnancy,and one at one month postpartum.All of the six cases underwent operation and were confirmed to be papillocarcinoma by pathology.Conclusions The screening rate of thyroid diseases during pregnancy is high,but the clinical management is not fully standardized.We suggested that each center should established its own normal reference range for thyroid function test.The incidence of thyroid cancer during pregnancy is increasing,thus attention should be paid to its diagnosis.

Objective To elaborate the glucose and lipid metabolism 1 year postpartum on the foundation of postpartum 6-12 weeks in patients with prior gestational abnormal glucose metabolism in Beijing area.Methods Seventy-three patients who delivered during February to December,2007,aged (32.0 ± 3.6) years,were enrolled.46 cases (63％) were diagnosed as cases of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) while 27 (37％) as gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT).All of the patients were revisited twice by 6-12 weeks and 1 year postparaum.Body weight,waist andhip circumferences,oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),and lipids profile were determined.Results Compared with 6-12 weeks postpartum,the body weight,waist and hip circumferences,and waist-to-hip ratio were decreased by 1 year postpartum,fasting plasma glucose was increased [(5.19 ± 0.06) vs (4.84 ± 0.57) mmol/L,P＜0.01],and 4 cases were diagnosed as cases with impaired fasting glucose (IFG; 4 vs 0).By 6-12 weeks and 1 year postpartum,postprandial plasma glucose levels were (6.84± 1.93) and (7.33 ± 1.50) mmol/L(P=0.017),and the incidences of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) were 28.8％ and 38.4％ (P=0.167),respectively,with 6 cases of newly diagnosed IGT by 1 year postpartum.There were more cases of hypertriglyceridenia (19.2％ vs 13.7％),less cases of hypercholesterolemia(19.7％ vs 30.0％,P＜0.01),more cases with improved high-densit.y lipoprotein-cholesterol (21.9％ vs 4.1％,P＜0.01),and less cases with raised low-density lipoproteincholesterol(21.9％ vs 49.3％,P＜0.01).No difference was found in body weight,body mass index,waist circumference,hip circumference,and waist-to-hip ratio between GIGT and GDM groups.Conclusion GDM is an important cause of the increasing prevalence of diabetes in women of reproductive age.Although body weight and waist-to-hip ratio have been improved,they would still develop glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia 1 year postpartum.

Objective To investigate the dynamic expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in mice with liver fibrosis and the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) intervention on the expression of EGFR,and to explore a new therapy target for fibrosis.Methods A total of 30 healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups:6 mice in control group,18 mice in hepatic fibrosis group and 6 mice in BMP-7 intervention group.The model of mice with liver fibrosis was established by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 12 weeks.After administration of CCl4 for 8 weeks,human recombinant BMP-7 was given into mice in intervention group by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks.Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson staining of liver tissues were employed to observe the pathological changes,and the semi-quantitative analysis of liver fibrosis was performed.Blood withdrawn from inferior vena cava was detected for levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (Alb).The expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)mRNA and TGF-β1,EGFR,phosphorylation EGFR (pEGFR) protein in each group were detected using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Measurement date was compared using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The model of mice with liver fibrosis was successfully established.In model group,the serum levels of ALT and AST increased,while the level of Alb decreased gradually.All these biochemical index improved after intervention of BMP-7 (ALT:[153.9±18.1] U/L vs [191.3±24.5] U/L;AST:[177.8±19.2] U/L vs [206.6±25.0] U/L;Alb:[25.4±0.9] g/L vs [22.2±1.2] g/L; all P＜0.05).With the progress of fibrosis,TGF-β1,EGFR and pEGFR protein expressions increased gradually in model group and reached a peak at week 12,which was significantly different compared to the control group (all P＜0.05).In BMP-7 intervention group,the expressions of the three proteins decreased significantly compared to model group (TGF-β1:0.256 ± 0.006 vs 0.287±0.014,EGFR:1.061±0.017 vs 1.094±0.014,pEGFR:0.855±0.053 vs 1.007±0.063;all P＜0.05).Additionally,linear correlation analysis showed that expressions of both EGFR and pEGFR proteins were positively correlated with TGF-β1 protein (rs =0.895 and 0.859,respectively; both P＜0.05).Conclusions BMP-7 can suppress the pathogenesis of mouse liver fibrosis.The mechanism may rely on the regulation of EGFR and TGF-β1 expressions.