Background: Silybum marianum, as well as known milk thistle, has long been recognized for its hepatoprotective effects, primarily attributed to its active flavonolignan complex, silymarin (an extract from water hyacinth fruit). While the pharmacological effects of silymarin have been studied, research on bioactive peptides derived from Silybum marianum remains limited. Aim: To evaluate the toxicity effects of silybum marianum peptides Marerials and Method: This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of Silybum marianum peptide in mice through a 14-day oral administration experiment. Twenty adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: the experimental group received 200 mg/kg of Silybum marianum peptide daily, while the control group received an equivalent volume of saline solution. Physiological and biochemical parameters, including body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, liver and spleen wet weights, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity, were assessed to determine potential toxic effects. This exploration aims to shed light on the toxicological effects of silybum marianum peptide in mice, providing insights into its potential benefits and challenges. Results: Results indicated no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of body weight, blood glucose levels, or major organ wet weights. Additionally, ALT enzyme activity remained unaffected, suggesting no detectable liver toxicity. Throughout the study, no abnormal behaviors, physical changes, or mortality were observed in the test subjects. Mice in both the silybum marianum peptide and control groups exhibited shiny and soft fur, normal activity, and regular food consumption. These findings indicate that Silybum marianum peptide exhibits good safety and low biological toxicity under the tested conditions, supporting its potential use as a safe dietary supplement or therapeutic agent. Conclusion At the designated dosage, silybum marianum peptide demonstrated good safety and low biological toxicity.